Search Results (5,181)

To address spatial confusion and semantic collapse in maintenance knowledge graph construction for long-distance belt conveyor systems, this study proposes a linear topology-aware alignment framework driven by large language models. The framework constructs a Physical–Space–Fault–Rule ontology and introduces a normalized linear topology mapping mechanism to assign unique spatial anchors to highly homogeneous components. For noisy and colloquial maintenance logs, a Condition–Constraint–Action–Space (CCAS) extraction mechanism is developed to reconstruct implicit fault causal chains and spatial information from unstructured text. To prevent erroneous merging of components with similar semantic descriptions but different physical locations, the LTA-Alignment algorithm integrates Gaussian topological penalties with LLM-based grey-zone arbitration. A structured gold-standard annotation protocol is further established using maintenance logs, BOM records, spatial anchors, and closed-loop repair evidence. Experiments over three predefined runs show that CCAS achieves a global F1-score of 94.10 ± 0.56%, exceeding T5 by 6.20 percentage points. LTA-Alignment achieves a Merge F1-score of 95.75 ± 0.53% and an entity cluster purity of 96.70 ± 0.53%, exceeding SCSA by 3.36 and 3.90 percentage points, respectively. In downstream fault traceability, the dynamic spatiotemporal knowledge graph achieves an Accuracy@1 of 92.78 ± 0.36%, 10.16 percentage points higher than R-GCN, together with an estimated 68.50 ± 0.73% reduction in rule-based simulated troubleshooting time relative to Keyword Retrieval. The results demonstrate that combining normalized spatial topology with LLM reasoning improves entity disambiguation, fault-causal reconstruction, and traceability performance under the evaluated non-branching belt conveyor maintenance setting. Full article

On 23 January 2024, the Mw 7.0 Wushi earthquake occurred along the Maidan Fault at the boundary between the southwestern Tianshan Mountains and the Tarim Basin. This event, together with its subsequent aftershocks, provides a valuable opportunity to investigate fault rupture, stress perturbation, and aftershock triggering within a continental fold-and-thrust belt. In this study, we inverted the coseismic slip distribution by jointly integrating Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Pixel Offset Tracking observations. The preferred fault geometry indicates a northwest-dipping fault with a dip of approximately 60°. The mean rake angle is about 46°, suggesting an oblique slip with both thrust and left-lateral components. The 2024 Wushi event, together with the 1902 Atushi M 8.2 earthquake, produced pronounced Coulomb stress changes on the surrounding faults, with positive stress increases exceeding 10 kPa. Combined with the GNSS-derived regional strain-rate field and the interseismic fault-locking model, these results indicate elevated seismic potential on several surrounding fault segments, including portions of the Maidan Fault, Nalati Fault, North Wensu Fault, and Kalpintag Fault. We further examine the 2024 shallow Mw 5.7 aftershock, whose southeast-dipping surface rupture, together with the northwest-dipping mainshock fault, defines a typical pop-up structure. We also discuss the possible triggering of the 2025 Mw 5.8 Aheqi event by the stress perturbation associated with the Wushi mainshock. Our results highlight that the 2024 Wushi event substantially modified the regional stress field and influenced subsequent seismic activity, providing new insights into rupture segmentation, fault interaction, and seismic hazard in southwestern Tianshan. Full article

Geothermal energy is a critical low-carbon resource in the global carbon neutrality transition, but expanding exploitation has raised growing concerns over geothermal fluid quality degradation and fluoride-related public health risks in the tectonically active coastal region of Guangdong, South China. However, the hydrochemical mechanisms governing fluoride enrichment remain poorly constrained, and conventional qualitative analytical approaches cannot quantitatively disentangle the superimposed effects of multiple subsurface geochemical processes. Based on 20 geothermal groundwater samples, this study integrates hydrochemical characterization, stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope tracing, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) modeling to quantitatively identify dominant hydrochemical processes and decipher the genetic mechanism of fluoride enrichment. The results demonstrate that the geothermal groundwaters belong to Cl–Na hydrochemical facies, with temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 96 °C and total dissolved solids (TDSs) varying from 560 mg/L to 9862 mg/L. Water–rock interaction dominates hydrochemical evolution: congruent dissolution of halite and other evaporite minerals serves as the primary source of bulk salinity, while bidirectional cation exchange on clay mineral surfaces substantially modifies the ionic assemblage. Stable isotope compositions (δD: −47.2‰ to −39.0‰; δ¹⁸O: −7.3‰ to −5.2‰) confirm a dominant meteoric recharge origin, with notable positive ¹⁸O shifts in multiple samples reflecting prolonged deep water–rock interaction with silicate host rocks. Recharge elevations are estimated at 239~682 m, delineating the northwestern medium–low mountain zone as the primary recharge area. Fluoride concentrations (2~13 mg/L) universally exceed the drinking water standard, and their enrichment is governed by a coupled geochemical feedback mechanism: hydrolytic weathering of fluor-bearing silicates releases structural fluoride, while widespread calcite precipitation scavenges aqueous Ca²⁺, weakens the common-ion effect, and promotes fluorite dissolution. The PMF model quantitatively resolves three geochemically meaningful controlling factors with clear process implications. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of fluoride geochemistry in coastal granitic geothermal systems within the western Pacific tectonic belt, and provide a robust scientific basis for sustainable geothermal resource development and public health risk management. Full article

The proposed synchronized multi-sensor framework provides an experimental approach for integrated crash assessment by combining vehicle structural response, restraint-system loading, and occupant biomechanical measurements within a common temporal reference. The experimental campaign comprised two full-scale crash events involving three vehicles and six Hybrid III 50th percentile male ATD exposures: a front-to-rear vehicle collision with standard occupant positioning and a full-frontal rigid-barrier impact with forward-leaning out-of-position (OOP) occupants. Triaxial thoracic accelerations, seat belt forces, and B-pillar accelerations were recorded simultaneously using synchronized data acquisition systems. The frontal OOP configuration produced the highest longitudinal (X-axis) thoracic acceleration, approximately 62 g, and the highest measured local belt-segment force, 9.80 kN, whereas the rear-impacted vehicle exhibited the highest local B-pillar acceleration. These configuration-specific observations demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework to characterize structural, restraint-system, and occupant responses simultaneously across different full-scale crash configurations. Full article

Extreme climatic events can alter temperatures and water availability and thereby suppress vegetation productivity. On the Huang–Huai–Hai (HHH) Plain, China’s key agricultural belt, July 2023 featured widespread heat, spatially heterogeneous drying, and limited spatial co-occurrence of heat and root zone soil drought; however, its productivity response and within-season recovery remain unclear. Here, we combine satellite-derived solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), MODIS gross primary productivity (GPP), environmental variables, and vegetation and elevation stratification and use extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) with spatial block validation and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) to quantify July productivity anomalies relative to the same months during 2018–2022, identify affected pixels using a standardized SIF anomaly based on the same reference period (z_i ≤ −1.5), track recovery from August to October, and evaluate environmental associations with SIF. In July 2023, 59.6% of vegetated area exceeded its local July 90th-percentile temperature. Area-weighted anomalies were −0.0129 W m⁻² μm⁻¹ sr⁻¹ for SIF, −0.4853 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ for GPP, and −0.0147 m³ m⁻³ for root zone soil moisture (SMrz). Negative anomalies occurred in 57.3% of vegetated pixels for SIF and 73.4% for GPP. Among deciduous broadleaf forest (DBF), grasslands (GRA), and croplands (CRO), GRA had the largest mean SIF loss, whereas CRO had the smallest despite widespread local declines. Losses above 1000 m exceeded those at 0–500 m. Of 2833 affected pixels, 85.6% returned to non-negative SIF anomalies by October, while recovery above 1000 m was 75.6%. Within the July models, SMrz contained the largest individual predictive contribution across classes, although the combined contribution of air temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and downward shortwave radiation was comparable. In the recovery model, recovery stage, initial July loss, and radiation and atmospheric demand contained substantial predictive information. Together, the results characterize spatially uneven productivity loss and recovery and the environmental conditions associated with these differences. Full article

In the context of the sustainable transformation of the blue food system, aquatic product exports are shaped by trade scale, institutional conditions, and market access requirements. Using an unbalanced panel of China’s aquatic product exports to 39 countries along the Belt and Road from 2006 to 2023, this paper applies the BC95 one-step stochastic frontier gravity model to estimate trade efficiency and export potential. The results show that: (1) Significant trade inefficiency exists, with an average efficiency of 0.3696. (2) In the baseline model, China’s GDP, destination-country GDP and population, and common language are positively associated with exports, while geographical distance is negatively associated with exports. Political stability, government effectiveness, and trade freedom are associated with lower trade inefficiency, whereas destination-country aquatic product production and halal certification requirements are associated with higher trade inefficiency. Robustness tests broadly support the main findings, although the estimates for destination-country population, common language, and government effectiveness are more specification-sensitive. (3) A scale–efficiency matrix classifies 33 export markets into four sample-relative groups. The findings suggest that China’s aquatic product exports should shift from scale expansion toward a sustainable trade development model that places greater emphasis on efficiency, quality, compliance, and stability, with differentiated strategies across export markets. Full article

Beautiful City construction is a core initiative to realize the Beautiful China vision and advance China’s progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study develops a unified evaluation framework aligned with official Chinese assessment guidelines and global sustainability objectives. Based on a 2015–2022 dataset of 126 prefecture-level cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), we adopt Dagum’s Gini coefficient decomposition, kernel density estimation (KDE), and Moran’s I to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of beautiful city construction. The results indicate that the regional Beautiful City Construction Index (BI) increased steadily at both the regional and subregional levels, with all sample cities achieving continuous improvement. A consistent development gradient of lower reach > middle reach > upper reach was identified, with gradually narrowing inter-regional gaps. Importantly, the primary source of regional disparity shifted from inter-subregional differences to intra-subregional differences around 2021. Statistically significant positive spatial clustering was observed, with high-value clusters concentrated in downstream areas and low-value clusters in upstream areas, while the overall clustering effect gradually weakened. This study provides empirical evidence for targeted urban governance and regional coordinated development, offering a typical Chinese practice for global SDG research. Full article

The economically important species Phyllanthus emblica L. has received increasing attention, yet its climate-driven distributional shifts across China remain unexplored. Using 446 occurrence records and a parameter-optimized MaxEnt model (RM = 0.1, FC = LQ), we forecasted habitat changes under three SSP scenarios (126, 370, 585) across the 2050s, 2070s, and 2090s. Three temperature variables, namely temperature seasonality (Bio4), temperature annual range (Bio7), and mean temperature of the driest quarter (Bio9), collectively contributed 90.2% to the model, confirming that thermal conditions, particularly during dry seasons, dominate habitat suitability. Current suitable habitat covers 86.43 × 10⁴ km², largely confined to South China’s tropical and southern subtropical belts. Future projections indicate non-linear range responses, with a general northwestward centroid shift, although intermediate periods exhibit oscillatory northeastward and southwestward fluctuations. Under the high-emission SSP585 scenario, modest expansion occurs in high-elevation areas of southeastern Tibet, while contraction affects less than 1% of current suitable low-elevation zones. Based on these findings, we recommend designating long-term core conservation areas (southern Yunnan, southern Guangxi, and Hainan), conducting adaptive introduction trials in expansion zones (e.g., Panzhihua, Sichuan), and implementing planting controls in contraction zones (e.g., northern Guizhou). These insights provide a scientific basis for climate-adaptive management of P. emblica in China. Full article

Since pioneering fluid-flow models for the Iberian and French Variscan belt, advances in geochronology, thermochronology, and geodynamic modeling have improved our understanding of late Variscan crustal evolution. New datasets suggest tungsten and gold mineralization do not represent distinct metallogenic events, but successive expressions of a long-lived hydrothermal evolution linked to crustal melting, granite emplacement, exhumation, and thermal collapse. Fluid drainage along shear zones drove silicification and arsenic precipitation, building an efficient trap for later gold deposition. As the hot, rapidly exhumed crust evolved, it progressively became a gold-bearing hydrothermal system, its architecture developing from the mountain-range scale down to microfractures. The resulting metallogenic model is therefore hierarchical rather than episodic, built through progressive construction of efficient traps. Quartz first forms the mechanical trap, massive deposition creating competent bodies prone to repeated brittle reactivation. Arsenopyrite is then deposited along the same zones, within shear environments reactivated during exhumation, establishing the principal chemical trap for gold enrichment with a polymetallic signature (Ag, Sb, Pb, Cu, Zn, Bi, Te). This late stage results from repeated microfracturing, promoting remobilization and native gold enrichment. The economically significant gold stage thus culminates this hydrothermal evolution, reflecting the progressive self-organization of the system during orogenic collapse. Full article

Peri-urban belts are where most metropolitan residents actually meet farmland, and where urban food policy and agroecological transition physically overlap. They are also where wild food plants (WFPs) grow: on verges, ditch bank, and field margins, the interstitial biodiversity that complements cultivated crops. We ask whether the knowledge that makes those plants usable survives peri-urbanisation, and whether it can serve as a proxy for the resilience of the surrounding agroecosystem. Two Northern Italian landscapes with comparable perennial monoculture but opposite positions on the urban–rural gradient were compared through a diachronic design: the peri-urban lowland of the Trevigiano (Veneto), inside the dispersed-city fabric of the Venice–Padua–Treviso region and under rapid Prosecco expansion, and the Langhe (Piedmont), a UNESCO-listed hill district of low settlement density whose agriculture is nonetheless fully industrialised around wine grapes, hazelnuts, and tourism. Interviews with 74 informants were conducted through complementary designs: a cohort-structured approach in the Trevigiano and actor-diversified and diachronic interviews in the Langhe, recorded 13 folk food taxa in the Trevigiano against 43 in the Langhe (Jaccard 0.19). The peri-urban repertoire is thin and mostly inert: recognition survives while practice does not, with gaps of up to 86 percentage points between the two, and only Humulus lupulus, anchored in ritual, dialect, and a commercial product, is transmitted intact. The non-peri-urban repertoire is broader and still mobile, relocated by younger foragers onto unmanaged refugia and partly professionalised. The proxy, however, has a precondition. WFP knowledge indexes a healthy agroecosystem only where the land is clean enough to gather from, and the Trevigiano is not: informants avoid treated margins. The one EU instrument that would have banned pesticides in public green areas was withdrawn in 2024. We conclude that peri-urban planning should treat edges, unmanaged interstitial land, and treatment transparency as food-system infrastructure, and propose paired habitat and knowledge indicators for peri-urban agroecological assessment. Full article

As a widely recognized measure of corporate sustainability, ESG performance exerts a significant influence on corporate exports and risk-coping capabilities. Using product–destination-level panel data of Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2016, compiled from the China Customs Database and the CSMAR Database, this paper employs the High-Dimensional Fixed Effects (HDFE) model to empirically examine the impact of ESG performance on corporate export resilience and its underlying mechanisms. The findings reveal that improved ESG performance significantly strengthens firm export resilience, a conclusion that remains robust after a series of robustness checks and addressing endogeneity concerns. ESG performance directly enhances export resilience through its environmental, social, and governance dimensions, with the social dimension exhibiting the strongest effect. Mechanism analysis indicates that ESG performance enhances export resilience by promoting diversification in both export products and export markets. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the effect varies significantly across countries, products, and firms. Specifically, the positive effect is more pronounced for exports to developed countries, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) participating countries, and coastal countries. Moreover, ESG performance contributes more strongly to the export resilience of final goods, high-technology products, and products with comparative advantages. At the firm level, the enhancing effect is more evident for state-owned enterprises, capital-intensive firms, and large-scale enterprises. Further analysis reveals that ESG performance and export resilience exhibit a positive joint effect in enhancing overseas market profitability and overseas revenue sustainability. These findings offer actionable implications for policymakers and exporters aiming to embed ESG principles into their export operations, which may further facilitate the sustainable and high-quality transformation of foreign trade. Full article

Tectonic activity can induce deformation or failure of shale formations, thereby altering their macroscopic and microscopic structures to varying degrees. Naturally deformed shale samples from the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation in the Dabashan Thrust-fold Belt, northeast Sichuan Basin, were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-temperature gas adsorption, and fractal analysis to characterize the nanoporous structure of organic matter. The results show the following: (1) SEM observations indicate that the organic nanopores are predominantly subcircular, with shape factors ranging from 0.736 to 0.859 and an average areal porosity of 7.678%. The pore diameters are mainly distributed within 10–50 nm, with micropores and mesopores being dominant, showing typical nanoscale pore characteristics. (2) Gas adsorption results show that the organic mesopores are mainly distributed within 20–30 nm. Their average pore volume and specific surface area are 0.169 cm³/g and 33.318 m²/g, respectively, indicating a relatively small number of mesopores and a low degree of mesopore development. The organic micropores exhibit a trimodal pore-size distribution, with peaks at 0.3–0.4 nm, 0.4–0.6 nm, and 0.75–0.85 nm. Their average pore volume and specific surface area are 0.012 cm³/g and 38.975 m²/g, respectively. (3) The fractal dimensions of the organic nanopores calculated using the box-counting method, the FHH model, and the V-S model are 1.280, 2.524, and 2.448, respectively, indicating relatively low pore-structure complexity and heterogeneity in the organic matter of the shale. Full article

Multistage hydrocarbon remigration is common in foreland-basin thrust belts, but its timing and pathways remain poorly constrained. We investigated the Lower Cretaceous Yageliemu and Bashijiqike reservoirs in the Kela-2 gas field, Kuqa foreland basin. Molecular geochemical analyses of reservoir extracts and oil inclusions, combined with fluid-inclusion observations, were used to reconstruct the hydrocarbon charging and remigration history. Reservoir extracts and oil inclusions from both reservoirs show consistent molecular signatures, indicating a common origin from the Triassic Huangshanjie lacustrine source rocks. Fluid-inclusion thermometry combined with burial-history reconstruction indicates that lacustrine oil charged the deeper K₁y reservoir earlier than the shallower K₁bs reservoir, supporting a later phase of upward cross-stratal remigration associated with progressive fault reactivation. From approximately 5.3 Ma onward, large-scale coal-derived gas charging increasingly modified the earlier oil accumulations, and after ca. 2.5 Ma of sustained gas charging, the fully developed Kela-2 anticlinal trap became the dominant accumulation process. Full article

Insufficient sleep is highly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and has well-documented effects on neural systems underlying decision-making and risk-taking behavior. While prior research has linked sleep deprivation to poorer decision-making broadly, less is known about how specific features of sleep architecture contribute to risk-taking behavior, or whether the cortisol awakening response (CAR), shaped in part by the preceding night’s sleep, represents an independent hormonal pathway linking sleep physiology to morning behavioral outcomes. The present study used a cross-sectional design to examine associations among objective sleep architecture, the CAR, and next-morning risk-taking behavior in a community sample of adolescents and young adults. We predicted that (1) greater rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage would be associated with better overall task performance, and (2) greater N2-N3 sigma power would be associated with reduced risk-taking under uncertainty. The role of the CAR was examined exploratorily. Fifty-five adolescents and young adults (aged 15–34; mean age = 18.9 years, SD = 3.08 years, 86% female) completed overnight sleep monitoring using a wearable EEG device, provided morning saliva samples to index the CAR (n = 28), and completed the Balloon Emotional Learning Task (BELT) to assess risk-taking behavior. Primary sleep variables of interest included REM sleep percentage and Non-REM sleep (N2-N3) sigma power. Behavioral outcomes included overall task performance and risk-taking under uncertainty. Linear regression models with age as a covariate were used for all primary analyses. Higher REM sleep percentage was associated with greater overall task performance, while higher N2-N3 sigma power was associated with reduced risk-taking under uncertainty, consistent with predictions. Greater CAR was independently associated with poorer task performance but did not moderate sleep-behavior associations, nor was it significantly associated with objective sleep measures. These findings highlight the stage-specific contributions of sleep architecture to next-morning risk-taking behavior in adolescents and young adults, with sleep physiology and cortisol responsivity emerging as distinct physiological contributors to behavioral outcomes. Full article

Wind erosion poses a serious threat to land stability and agricultural sustainability across global arid and semi-arid zones. This study was conducted in Tuoksun County, China’s sole county situated below sea level; its unique low-elevation landform generates distinctive wind–sand movement processes, forming a representative research platform for elucidating shelterbelt functional mechanisms under extreme arid environments. In this work, we systematically monitored wind field characteristics, shelterbelt windbreak performance, and soil wind erodibility and quantitatively analyzed the regulatory effects of different shelterbelt configurations on sand-fixing efficiency and soil anti-wind erosion capacity. The results revealed an obvious decoupling between wind velocity and wind direction frequency within the study area: the maximum wind speed (≈5.5 m s⁻¹) occurred in the NNW direction, whereas the W and WSW directions exhibited the highest wind occurrence frequency. Shelterbelt height showed an extremely significant positive correlation with wind speed reduction efficiency (r = 0.817 ***), while ambient wind speed was significantly negatively correlated with windproof benefit (r = −0.690 ***). Among forest types, F2 and PF achieved significantly higher efficiency and lower wind speeds than F1. Intact shelterbelts reached >85% efficiency, while degraded belts fell below 40%. Soil texture acted as the dominant factor controlling soil erodibility: clay, fine sand, and very fine sand increased soil wind erodibility, while coarse sand and gravel suppressed erodibility. Hierarchical clustering analysis of vertical wind speed profiles confirmed that shelterbelts can substantially reduce near-ground wind velocity; compared with shelterbelt types, spatial position (windward side, leeward side, and central zone) exerted a stronger influence on wind field regulation. This study elucidates the internal correlations among shelterbelt spatial configuration, sand-fixing efficiency, and soil wind erodibility, providing scientific support for the optimization of shelterbelt layout in low-elevation arid ecological regions. Full article