Search Results (107)

The emergence of anti-TNF agents has revolutionized the management of inflammatory bowel disease, yet a significant proportion of patients experience primary non-response or secondary loss of response due to immunogenicity. As the field of precision medicine advances, genetic predictors such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants are gaining increasing attention. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current evidence on the role of HLA genotypes in inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility and disease behavior, with a focus on their mechanistic and clinical relevance in anti-TNF therapy. Special emphasis is placed on HLA-DQA1*05, a validated predictor of anti-drug antibody formation and reduced therapeutic durability. We explore the immunological basis of HLA-mediated immunogenicity, summarize pharmacogenetic and biomarker findings, and discuss how HLA typing may be integrated into treatment algorithms to improve patient stratification and long-term outcomes. As immunogenetics continues to inform clinical decision-making, understanding the interplay between HLA polymorphisms and therapeutic response offers new opportunities for biomarker-guided, personalized care in inflammatory bowel disease. Full article

The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on physical performance and body composition in female basketball players. The review followed PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database (registration number: CRD420251006285). A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Nine studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed, with intervention durations ranging from 4 to 12 weeks. Despite differences in protocols, a majority of studies reported improvements in VO_2max (6/9), explosive strength (7/9), agility (5/6), and speed (5/6) and reductions in body mass and fat percentage (3/3). These findings highlight HIIT as an effective method for enhancing both aerobic and anaerobic capacities, as well as optimizing body composition. Despite variations in study protocols, HIIT consistently offers improvements in performance, irrespective of training level. The results underscore the importance of HIIT in preparing athletes, not only during the preseason but also throughout the competition period. Coaches should consider integrating HIIT into training programs, adjusting intensity and volume based on the season to optimize performance and prevent overtraining. Full article

Sedentary behavior among young women is increasingly associated with adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate and compare the effects of three structured group fitness programs on anthropometric parameters, body composition, and lipid profile in overweight young women (N = 111, age 18–25, BMI ≥ 25). Participants were assigned to mix aerobics (E1, n = 27), kickbox aerobics (E2, n = 28), step aerobics (E3, n = 27), or a control group (C, n = 29). Each intervention lasted 12 weeks, with sessions conducted three times per week, each lasting 60 min. The results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Significant reductions were observed in body weight (−4.8 kg in E1, p < 0.01), waist circumference (−5.3 cm in E1, p < 0.001), and body fat percentage (−3.6% in E1, p < 0.01). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased by 7.4 mg/dL (p < 0.01), while low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol, and triglycerides decreased by 12.1 mg/dL, 18.6 mg/dL, and 19.4 mg/dL, respectively (all p < 0.01). The most pronounced overall improvements were found in the mix aerobics group. In contrast, the control group showed significant deterioration in most variables, including a 2.1 kg weight gain and a 6.3 mg/dL increase in total cholesterol (p < 0.05). These findings confirm the superior effectiveness of mix aerobics as a non-pharmacological intervention to improve body composition (notably through reductions in body weight, fat percentage, and waist circumference) and cardiovascular biomarkers (such as increased HDL and decreased LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) in young overweight women. Compared to kickboxing and step aerobics, mix aerobics consistently achieved the greatest improvements across all measured parameters, making it the most comprehensive and effective option among the three programs tested. Full article

The oxygen-evolving IrO₂-Ta₂O₅/Ti anode (OEA), primarily used in electrolyzers for plating, metal powder production, electrowinning (EW), and water electrolysis, is analyzed. This study focuses on the distribution of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity and the associated operational loss over the randomized OEA texture. The OER activity and its distribution across the IrO₂-Ta₂O₅ coating surface are key factors that influence EW operational challenges and the lifecycle of OEA in EW processes. To understand the OER activity distribution over the coating’s randomized texture, we performed analyses using anode polarization in acid solution at both low and high (EW operation relevant) overpotentials and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) during the OER. These measurements were conducted on anodes in both their as-prepared and deactivated states. The as-prepared anode was deactivated using an accelerated stability test in an acid solution, the EW simulating electrolyte. The obtained data are correlated with fundamental electrochemical properties of OEA, such as structure-related pseudocapacitive responses at open circuit potential in the same operating environment. OER and Ir dissolution kinetics, along with the physicochemical anode state upon deactivation, are clearly characterized based on current and potential dependent charge transfer resistances and associated double layer capacitances obtained by EIS. This approach presents a useful tool for elucidating, and consequently tailoring and predicting, anode OER activity and electrolytic operational stability in industrial electrochemical applications. Full article

The application of soft computing techniques, with a special emphasis on fuzzy logic, represents a modern approach to analyzing complex educational data. This paper explores the possibilities of applying soft computing to identify and interpret factors that influence the motivation and educational achievement of students in academic and professional studies, with special reference to the differences between these two groups of students in experienced subjects. Fuzzy logic enables more detailed processing of educational parameters that are subject to subjective interpretations and are often not clearly defined. By using this approach, decision support systems are developed that facilitate the understanding of students’ motivational patterns, their preferences, and challenges in mastering different types of content. Analyzing educational data seeks to identify relevant motivational factors that can contribute to shaping more effective and personalized teaching strategies. The goal of the work is to improve the quality of the educational process through the integration of soft computing methods, to raise the level of engagement and success of students in various fields of study. Full article

Background: In this study, we aimed to develop and optimize unique eco-friendly gelatin–alginate hydrogels enriched with sustainable grape skin extract for advanced wound healing applications. Methods: Following confirmation of the extract’s antioxidant activity, hydrogels were synthesized by varying gelatin content and CaCl₂ concentration to achieve desirable crosslinking density, mechanical properties, and extract release behavior. Physicochemical characterization of hydrogels included equilibrium swelling analysis, mechanical testing, FTIR analysis, and in vitro release of extract from hydrogel. Moreover, the biocompatibility of hydrogels enriched with extract was assessed via MTT assay, while antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The antioxidant capacity of the hydrogels was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Results: Our results showed that higher gelatin and CaCl₂ concentrations produced denser crosslinked networks, leading to reduced swelling and increased stiffness. Additionally, the extract exhibited a biphasic release profile from hydrogels, featuring an initial rapid release followed by sustained release over 24 h. Conclusions: The hydrogels maintained high biocompatibility and demonstrated selective antimicrobial activity, particularly against Escherichia coli, and satisfactory antioxidant activity. Obtained multifunctional sustainable hydrogels enriched with grape skin extract represent promising agents for managing skin conditions associated with oxidative stress and bacterial infections. Full article

In this paper, we apply Grünwald–Letnikov-type fractional-order calculus to simulate the growth of Serbia’s gross domestic product (GDP). We also compare the fractional-order model’s results with those of a similar integer-order model. The significance of variables is assessed by the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The research demonstrates that the Grünwald–Letnikov fractional-order model provides a more accurate representation compared to the standard integer-order model and performs very accurately in predicting GDP values. Full article

The phenolic compounds present in wine industry by-products are a valuable source of biologically active ingredients that could be used in the development of functional foods. This manuscript investigates the potential of ultrasound-assisted extracts from Prokupac grape skins—a wine industry by-product—as functional food ingredients. Four extracts were prepared using different solvents and evaluated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, as well as EPR spectroscopy. Phenolic composition was determined via HPLC analysis, and anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated using a lipoxygenase inhibition assay. Results indicated that the extracts PSE3 (ethyl acetate) and PSE0 (direct extraction with 50% ethanol) exhibited superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, which can be attributed to their high polyphenolic content. Additionally, the extracts demonstrated antimicrobial effects against the tested microorganisms. These findings suggest that Prokupac grape skin extracts, particularly PSE3 and PSE0, could be valuable additions to functional foods, offering health benefits through their bioactive properties. Full article

Background: Cephalosporins are considered safe antibiotics. However, serious hematological abnormalities may occur, although rarely, after their therapeutic use. Case Presentation: We present a case of pancytopenia in a 72-year-old female patient treated with ceftriaxone for a urinary tract infection. After five days of therapy, pancytopenia was observed. Other causes were excluded through extensive diagnostic evaluation, including immunological tests, viral serologies, bone marrow aspiration, and peripheral blood smear. The patient’s clinical condition significantly improved following the discontinuation of ceftriaxone and the administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Bone marrow findings revealed hypocellularity without malignant infiltration, and peripheral smear showed no dysplasia, blasts, or hemolysis. Conclusions: This case demonstrates that ceftriaxone, although widely regarded as a safe antibiotic, can induce rare but serious hematologic complications such as pancytopenia. A high index of suspicion is required when patients on antibiotic therapy develop unexplained cytopenias. Detailed medication history, exclusion of other causes, and prompt discontinuation of the suspected drug are essential. The patient’s favorable outcome supports the likelihood of an idiosyncratic, immune-mediated mechanism. Future research should explore pharmacogenomic screening in patients at increased risk, particularly involving HLA variants. Full article

This paper investigates the role of solvable and nilpotent Lie algebras in the domains of cryptography and steganography, emphasizing their potential in enhancing security protocols and covert communication methods. In the context of cryptography, we explore their application in public-key infrastructure, secure data verification, and the resolution of commutator-based problems that underpin data protection strategies. In steganography, we examine how the algebraic properties of solvable Lie algebras can be leveraged to embed confidential messages within multimedia content, such as images and video, thereby reinforcing secure communication in dynamic environments. We introduce a key exchange protocol founded on the structural properties of solvable Lie algebras, offering an alternative to traditional number-theoretic approaches. The proposed Lie Exponential Diffie–Hellman Problem (LEDHP) introduces a novel cryptographic challenge based on Lie group structures, offering enhanced security through the complexity of non-commutative algebraic operations. The protocol utilizes the non-commutative nature of Lie brackets and the computational difficulty of certain algebraic problems to ensure secure key agreement between parties. A detailed security analysis is provided, including resistance to classical attacks and discussion of post-quantum considerations. The algebraic complexity inherent to solvable Lie algebras presents promising potential for developing cryptographic protocols resilient to quantum adversaries, positioning these mathematical structures as candidates for future-proof security systems. Additionally, we propose a method for secure message embedding using the Lie algebra in combination with frame deformation techniques in animated objects, offering a novel approach to steganography in motion-based media. Full article

When creating software, it is important to focus not only on the functionality requested by users but also on ensuring that the software exhibits qualities such as maintainability, testability, comprehensibility, and reusability. To achieve this, developers should consider these qualities from the early stages of development and implementation. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for the calculation of software metrics to evaluate the aforementioned quality characteristics, as well as their verification on the blockchain. The primary objective is to provide a simple and transparent approach—using smart contracts—for monitoring software metrics throughout the development process. This approach enhances software reliability and facilitates ongoing maintenance. Full article

(1) Background: This study aimed to examine whether an experimental acrobatics curriculum, conducted three times a week, could lead to greater improvements in specific components of motor fitness—coordination, balance, agility, and speed—compared to the standard physical education program; (2) Methods: The research was conducted over a 16-week period and included 50 seventh-grade students, divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 25) and a control group (CG, n = 25). The experimental group participated in a program of acrobatics and skipping twice a week, while the control group followed the standard physical education curriculum. Motor skills tests were administered before and after the intervention using standardized methods; (3) Results: Results from the ANCOVA analysis showed significant improvements in flexibility, coordination, balance, and agility in the experimental group, with large effect sizes, confirming the effectiveness of the acrobatics and skipping program. However, the impact on speed was variable, indicating the need for specific exercises to improve this ability; (4) Conclusions: The findings are consistent with previous research, highlighting the superiority of specialized acrobatic exercises in enhancing overall motor performance in adolescents. Further research is needed to optimize acrobatics and skipping programs for maximum benefits in the development of motor skills and physical education. Full article

Modal-based damage identification methods, particularly those utilizing mode shapes, excel in damage localization due to their spatial distribution characteristics. Traditional contact-based sensors often struggle with achieving high spatial resolution, while optical dynamic measurements, though high-resolution, are susceptible to environmental noise. This study proposes a novel multicomponent information separation (MIS) approach to overcome these challenges. The method decomposes mode shape information into noise, damage-related features, and waveform trends. The methodology begins with optical dynamic measurement to capture high-resolution mode shapes, followed by two-dimensional continuous wavelet transform (2D-CWT) for multiscale analysis. Adaptive wavelet scale selection via scale correlation analysis (SCA) improves noise separation, and an iterative weighted least squares fitting (IWLSF) method accurately fits the waveform trends. Finally, a noise-robust and baseline-free damage indicator (DI) is constructed through a difference operation to eliminate waveform trends, with damage localized at DI abrupt change positions. Validated through numerical simulations and experiments on damaged aluminum plates, the method demonstrates superior noise robustness and localization accuracy for multiple minor damages compared to existing wavelet-based approaches, showcasing its potential for advancing damage detection techniques. Full article

Sports injuries were prevalent across various sports and resulted in temporary or permanent limitations in an athlete’s competitive performance. This research aimed to compile and analyze studies on sports injuries among basketball, handball, and volleyball players, with a particular focus on their frequency, nature, and variations based on gender and player position. A systematic search was conducted using digital databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, covering the period from 2015 to 2025. The search strategy involved relevant keywords and their combinations related to injuries and athletes, selecting studies that explored injury types, locations, and preventive measures. The findings indicated that lower limb injuries were the most prevalent in all three sports. Basketball players frequently experienced knee and ankle injuries, and handball players were prone to knee injuries, while volleyball players most commonly sustained knee and foot injuries. Additionally, specific risk factors contributing to these injuries were identified. Preventive interventions, such as neuromuscular training and plyometric exercises, were found to effectively reduce injury rates across these sports. The majority of studies suggested that female athletes had a higher injury incidence compared to their male counterparts. This may be attributed to several factors, including hormonal differences (such as the effect of estrogen on ligament laxity), anatomical factors (e.g., a larger Q-angle in women), and differences in training practices that could predispose female athletes to higher injury rates. Furthermore, regardless of the sport, injuries occurred more frequently during competition and tended to increase with the physical demands of the game. Full article

The mini-review highlights the innovative development of hetero-dinuclear metallic complexes, with a specific focus on zinc(II) metal centers arranged in a square-pyramidal configuration. The work presented, stemming from our research group in collaboration with others between the years 2020 and 2024, makes significant contributions to this area, emphasizing their potential applications in bioinorganic chemistry, particularly in the context of drug discovery. These advances not only expand the fundamental understanding of such complexes but also lay the groundwork for the design of novel hetero-dinuclear metallic compounds with therapeutic potential. The interaction of these complexes with biological systems and their implications for drug development are critical for future research in bioinorganic chemistry, offering new pathways for targeted treatments and molecular therapies. Full article