Search Results (80)

Silicon carbide (SiC) half-bridge power modules are widely utilized in new energy power generation, electric vehicles, and industrial power supplies. To address the research gap in collaborative validation between electro-thermal coupling models and process reliability, this paper proposes a closed-loop methodology of “design-simulation-process-validation”. This approach integrates in-depth electro-thermal simulation (LTspice XVII/COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3) with micro/nano-packaging processes (sintering/bonding). Firstly, a multifunctional double-pulse test board was designed for the dynamic characterization of SiC devices. LTspice simulations revealed the switching characteristics under an 800 V operating condition. Subsequently, a thermal simulation model was constructed in COMSOL to quantify the module junction temperature gradient (25 °C → 80 °C). Key process parameters affecting reliability were then quantified, including conductive adhesive sintering (S820-F680, 39.3 W/m·K), high-temperature baking at 175 °C, and aluminum wire bonding (15 mil wire diameter and 500 mW ultrasonic power/500 g bonding force). Finally, a double-pulse dynamic test platform was established to capture switching transient characteristics. Experimental results demonstrated the following: (1) The packaged module successfully passed the 800 V high-voltage validation. Measured drain current (4.62 A) exhibited an error of <0.65% compared to the simulated value (4.65 A). (2) The simulated junction temperature (80 °C) was significantly below the safety threshold (175 °C). (3) Microscopic examination using a Leica IVesta 3 microscope (55× magnification) confirmed the absence of voids at the sintering and bonding interfaces. (4) Frequency-dependent dynamic characterization revealed a 6 nH parasitic inductance via Ansys Q3D 2025 R1 simulation, with experimental validation at 8.3 nH through double-pulse testing. Thermal evaluations up to 200 kHz indicated 109 °C peak temperature (below 175 °C datasheet limit) and low switching losses. This work provides a critical process benchmark for the micro/nano-manufacturing of high-density SiC modules. Full article

In this study, a pH-responsive nanophotosensitizer (MT@Ce6) was rationally developed by strategic integration of MIL-101 (Fe)-NH₂ metal–organic framework with tannic acid (TA) and chlorin e6. This nanocomposite exhibits pH-responsive degradation in acidic microenvironments, facilitating Fe³⁺ release and subsequent reduction to Fe²⁺ that catalyzes Fenton reaction-mediated hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation. This cascade reaction shifts reactive oxygen species (ROS) predominance from transient singlet oxygen (¹O₂) to the long-range penetrative •OH, achieving robust biofilm disruption and over 90% eradication of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) under 660 nm irradiation. In vivo evaluations revealed accelerated wound healing with 95% wound closure within 7 days, while species-selective antibacterial studies demonstrated a 2.3-fold enhanced potency against Gram-positive bacteria due to their unique peptidoglycan-rich cell wall architecture. These findings collectively establish a microenvironment-adaptive nanoplatform for precision antimicrobial interventions, providing a translational strategy to address drug-resistant infections. Full article

In this study, we report the synthesis and characterization of a novel NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) magnetic composite, developed via in situ formation of NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) in the presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles embedded within a chloropropyl-modified mesoporous silica layer. This hybrid composite retains the high adsorption capacity of NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) while benefiting from the easy magnetic separation enabled by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The mesoporous silica forms a protective porous coating around the magnetic nanoparticles, significantly enhancing its chemical stability and preventing clumping. Beyond protection, the mesoporous silica layer provides a high-surface-area scaffold that promotes the uniform in situ growth of NH₂-MIL-101(Fe). Functionalization of the silica surface with chloride groups enables strong electrostatic interactions between the magnetic component and metal organic framework (MOF), ensuring a homogeneous and stable hybrid structure. The new composite’s capacity to remove Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions was systematically investigated. The adsorption data showed a good fit with the Langmuir isotherm model for both ions, the maximum adsorption capacities calculated being 214.6 mg g⁻¹ for Pb(II) and 181.6 mg g⁻¹ Cd(II). Furthermore, the kinetic behavior of the adsorption process was accurately described by the pseudo-second-order model. These findings confirm the effectiveness of this composite for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions, demonstrating its potential as an efficient material for environmental remediation. The combination of magnetic recovery, high adsorption capacity, and stability makes this novel composite a promising candidate for heavy metal removal applications in water treatment processes. Full article

Objective: This study aims to develop a metal–organic framework (ABZ-MOFs)-based oral drug delivery system for albendazole (ABZ) to enhance its dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Methods: ABZ@MOF-802, ABZ@UiO-66-NH₂, and ABZ@MIL-125-NH₂ were synthesized using a solvothermal method, and their physicochemical properties were characterized. The in vitro drug release was investigated under pH- and enzyme-responsive conditions, followed by transmembrane transport studies in Caco-2 cells. Finally, the oral bioavailability of ABZ@MOFs was evaluated in rats. Results: The particle sizes of ABZ@MOF-802, ABZ@UiO-66-NH₂, and ABZ@MIL-125-NH₂ were (1062.6 ± 94.8), (228.3 ± 12.3), and (502.3 ± 16.2) nm, with drug loading efficiencies of (1.71 ± 0.08%), (12.13 ± 0.04%), and (26.17 ± 0.10%), respectively. The ABZ@MOFs demonstrated structural stability in acidic environments and released ABZ under weakly acidic and neutral conditions, exhibiting distinct release profiles in the presence of different enzymes. Cellular experiments confirmed that ABZ@MOFs significantly improved transmembrane drug absorption. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the bioavailability of ABZ@UiO-66-NH₂ and ABZ@MIL-125-NH₂ was 10.3-fold and 1.8-fold higher, respectively, compared to ABZ. Conclusions: The ABZ@MOFs systems effectively improved ABZ dissolution and oral bioavailability, with ABZ@UiO-66-NH₂ showing a dual response mechanism to pH and enzymes. Full article

Considering the importance of organic functionalization of MOFs, we here report a simple, tunable and efficient one-step post-modification procedure for introducing amino and carboxylic groups into the mesoporous metal–organic framework Al- and Cr-MIL-101-NH₂ based on its reaction with alkyl bromides. This procedure allows also access to polyfunctionalized MIL-101 decorated with both carboxylic and primary amino groups. Other chemical functions, such as alcohols and alkynes, were also successfully introduced by this method. Full article

Copper nanoparticles have been integrated onto the framework of modified NH₂–MIL–125(Ti), a metal–organic framework (MOF), and evaluated as catalysts for converting CO₂ into valuable products. The modified MOF was achieved through a post-synthetic modification process involving the partial replacement of titanium with zirconium or cerium within the MOF’s structure. The objective behind this alteration is to create a synergistic effect between the MOF, serving as a support matrix, and the embedded copper nanoparticles, thereby enhancing the performance of the catalyst. The obtained catalysts were characterized and evaluated in the hydrogenation of CO₂ to methanol under different experimental conditions, reaching CO₂ conversions of up to 5%, with a selectivity towards methanol that reached values of up to 60%. According to the obtained results, the catalyst composed of Ti, Zr and Cu stood out for having the highest CO₂ conversion and selectivity towards methanol, in addition to practically inhibiting the production of methane. These results demonstrate that the interaction of the framework with the Cu nanoparticles, and thus its catalytic properties, can be changed by modifying the properties of the MOF. Full article

Dry reforming has gained widespread attention among CO₂ utilization approaches, as it is able to convert both CO₂ and CH₄ into syngas, thus mitigating global warming. Moreover, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal catalytic plasma reactors are potential technologies for CO₂ and CH₄ conversion, due to their low energy consumption and ease of operation. Catalysts also play an important role in ensuring optimal performance. For instance, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) such as ZIF-8, NH₂-UiO-66(Zr), and NH₂-MIL-53(Al) are rarely reported in the literature for plasma technologies in dry reforming, despite their strong attributes such as high surface area and charge characteristics. In this work, these MOF catalysts were synthesized and characterized to evaluate their internal morphology, crystallinity, and surface area. Characterization studies showed that ZIF-8, NH₂-UiO-66(Zr), and NH₂-MIL-53(Al) generally showed similar properties to those results reported in the literature. Additionally, based on DBD catalytic plasma testing, NH₂-UiO-66(Zr) with an input power of 30 W recorded the highest H₂ and CO yields of 3.20% and 2.34%, respectively, at a CO₂:CH₄ molar ratio of 7:3. These values could be referred to for future studies on the improvement of MOF catalysts performance in dry reforming under the plasma processes prior to upscaling. Full article

A method for the determination of trace selenium in water enriched by metal–organic−framework material (MIL−125−NH₂) and reversed−phase ultra−high−performance liquid chromatography−diode array detection (UPLC−DAD) was established. The MIL−125−NH₂ material, synthesized by the microwave method, was characterized by SEM, XRD, and FT−IR. The MIL−125−NH₂ material was added to the water sample to enrich the selenium, the enriched selenium was desorbed with dilute HCl, and then the derivative reaction with 0.1 mol·L⁻¹ 4−nitro−o−phenylenediamine was performed to produce piaselenole. After extraction with cyclohexane, the retention time and the spectrogram were qualitatively detected by a liquid chromatography−diode array detector, and the peak area was quantitatively detected. The pH, time, amount of material, extractant, and other conditions of derivation and enrichment were optimized in the experiment, and the methodology was verified under optimized conditions. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficient R² was 0.9998, the detection limit of 0.13 μg·L⁻¹ without enrichment was close to that of the ICP−MS method, the detection limit after 10−fold enrichment was 0.013 μg·L⁻¹, the RSD was 0.7~2.7%, and the recovery was 87.8~102.1%, in the range of 2~1000 μg·L⁻¹. Therefore, the method can be applied for the determination of trace selenium in tap water, river water, mountain spring water, packaged drinking water, and industrial sewage. Full article

Iron-based metal–organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) are widely used for agricultural chemical delivery due to their high loading capacity, and they also have the potential to provide essential iron for plant growth. Therefore, they hold significant promise for agricultural applications. Evaluating the plant biotoxicity of Fe-MOFs is crucial for optimizing their use in agriculture. In this study, we used the natural biomacromolecule carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to encapsulate the Fe-MOF NH₂-MIL-101 (Fe) (MIL). Through hydroponic experiments, we investigated the biotoxic effects of Fe-MOFs on rice before and after CMC modification. The results show that the accumulation of iron in rice is dependent on the dose and the exposure concentration of Fe-MOFs. CMC modification (MIL@CMC) can reduce the release rate of Fe ions from Fe-MOFs in aqueous solutions with different pH values (5 and 7). Furthermore, MIL@CMC treatment significantly increases the absorption of iron by both the aboveground and root parts of rice. MIL@CMC significantly alleviated the growth inhibition of rice seedlings and increased the aboveground biomass of rice under medium- to high-exposure conditions. Specifically, in rice roots, MIL induced a more intense oxidative stress response, with significant increases in the activities of related antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, and SOD) and MDA content. Our results demonstrated that the encapsulation of NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) using CMC effectively alleviated oxidative damage and promoted the uptake and growth of iron in rice. These findings suggest that rational modification can have a positive effect on reducing the potential phytotoxicity of MOFs and improving their biosafety in agricultural applications. Full article

A novel dual Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed by introducing the narrow-bandgap semiconductor CuInS₂ (CIS) into the dual metal-organic framework (MOF) system of UiO-66(Zr) and NH₂-MIL-101(Fe). This structure effectively overcomes the limitations of conventional photocatalysts in terms of light absorption range and the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. The prepared ternary catalyst, (UiO-66(Zr))-(NH₂-MIL-101(Fe))/CuInS₂, exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation, achieving a hydrogen production rate of 888 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ and a methylene blue (MB) degradation efficiency of up to 95.03%. The significant enhancement in performance is attributed to the material’s porous structure, extended light absorption range, and optimized electron transfer pathways. Additionally, the construction of the dual Z-scheme heterojunction further promotes the separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers, suppressing electron–hole recombination. This study demonstrates the great potential of dual Z-scheme heterojunctions in improving photocatalytic efficiency and provides an important theoretical foundation and design strategy for the development of efficient photocatalysts. Full article

Compared to traditional liquid electrolytes, solid electrolytes have received widespread attention due to their higher safety. In this work, a vinyl functionalized metal–organic framework porous material (MIL-101(Cr)-NH-Met, noted as MCN-M) is synthesized by postsynthetic modification. A novel three-dimensional hybrid gel composite solid electrolyte (GCSE-P/MCN-M) is successfully prepared via in situ gel reaction of a mixture containing multifunctional hybrid crosslinker (MCN-M), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate (EGM) and polyethylene (vinylidene fluoridee) (PVDF). Benefiting from the excellent mechanical properties, rich pore structure, and numerous unsaturated metal sites of GCSE-P/MCN-M, our GCSE-P/MCN-M exhibits excellent mechanical modulus (953 MPa), good ionic conductivity (9.3 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹) and wide electrochemical window (4.8 V). In addition, Li/LiFePO₄ batteries based on GCSE-P/MCN-M have also demonstrated excellent cycling performance (a high-capacity retention of 87% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C). This work provides a promising approach for developing gel solid-state electrolytes with high ion conduction and excellent safety performance. Full article

Industrialization activities have increased the discharge of wastewater that is polluted with hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), posing risks to ecosystems and humans. The photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) is viewed as a promising method for the removal of Cr(VI) species. However, developing photocatalysts with the desired catalytic activity, recyclability, and reusability remains a challenge. Herein, a composite aerogel was designed and fabricated with a Ti-based metal–organic framework (MIL-125-NH₂) and carboxylated nanocellulose. MIL-125-NH₂ presents a strong visible-light response, and the interactions between the amino groups of MIL-125-NH₂ and the carboxyl groups of cellulose produce a strong interface affinity in the composites. The as-prepared aerogels exhibited a micro/macroporous structure. At an optimal MIL-125-NH₂ loading of 55 wt%, the MC-5 sample showed a specific surface area of 582 m²·g⁻¹. MC-5 achieved a photocatalytic Cr(VI) removal efficiency of 99.8%. Meanwhile, the aerogel-type photocatalysts demonstrated good stability and recycling ability, as MC-5 maintained a removal rate of 82% after 10 cycles. This work sheds light on the preparation of novel photocatalysts with three-dimensional structures for environmental remediation. Full article

Tetratoluene has the following three isomers: durene (DR), prehnitene (PR), and isodurene (IR). DR and PR often coexist during the separation of C10 heavy aromatics at different levels. They are both important organic chemical raw materials and their separation is the key to the high-efficiency industrial utilization of C10 heavy aromatics. In this paper, six metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), including ZU-61, MIL-101, UIO-66, UIO-66-NH₂, Mg-MOF-74, and MIL-53(Al), were used as the adsorbents of DR and PR. Their skeletons were structurally optimized using VASP software (latest v. 6.4.3). The adsorption capacity and isosteric heats of both pure components and mixtures (the molar ratio was 1:1) in gas were calculated using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation from 10 kPa to 300 kPa at 298 K. The results indicated that all adsorption processes were physical. ZU-61, UIO-66, UIO-66-NH₂, and Mg-MOF-74 presented suitable capacity differences for DR and PR at 300 kPa. The selectivity values of these frameworks were all above 1.5. Thus, the four MOFs were prepared using the solvothermal method and characterized by SEM and XRD. Then, the competitive adsorption of DR and PR in liquid on the four MOFs was carried out as well. The results showed good agreement with the simulation in general, with a lower adsorption attained capacity due to the different phase states of both DR and PR. This study can guide the separation of tetratoluene isomers in C10 heavy aromatics. Full article

Organic pollutants entering water bodies lead to severe water pollution, posing a threat to human health. The activation of persulfate advanced oxidation processes using carbon materials derived from MOFs as substrates can efficiently treat wastewater contaminated with organic pollutants. This research uses NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) as a substrate, doped with Fe²⁺ and Co²⁺, to prepare Fe/Co-CNs through a one-step carbonization method. The surface morphology, pore structure, and chemical composition of Fe/Co-CNs were investigated using characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FT-IR, BET, and Raman. A comparative study was conducted on the performance of catalysts with different Fe/Co ratios in activating PMS for the degradation of organic pollutants, as well as the effects of various influencing factors (the dosage of Fe/Co-CNs, the amount of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), the initial pH of the solution, the TC concentration, and inorganic anions) on the catalyst’s activation of persulfate for TC degradation. Through radical quenching experiments and post-degradation XPS analysis, the active radicals in the FeCo-CNs/PMS system were investigated to explain the possible mechanism of TC degradation in the Fe/Co-CNs/PMS system. The results indicate that Fe/Co-CNs-2 (with a Co²⁺ doping amount of 20%) achieves a degradation rate of 93.34% for TC (tetracycline hydrochloride) within 30 min when activating PMS, outperforming other Co²⁺ doping amounts. In addition, singlet oxygen (¹O₂) is the main reactive species in the reaction system. Full article

In this study, several materials are presented as modifiers of the screen-printed carbon electrodes with the aim of developing new sensing platforms for the voltammetric analysis of drugs. Specifically, Clotiapine and Sulfamethoxazole were selected as models for antipsychotics and antibiotics, respectively. Different nanostructures were studied as modifiers, including both transition metals and carbon-based materials. Moreover, biochar and two metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were tested as well. The NH₂-MIL-125(Ti) MOF showed an 80% improvement in the analytical signal of Sulfamethoxazole, but it partially overlapped with an additional signal associated with the loss of the MOF ligand. For this reason, several immobilization strategies were tested, but none of them met the requirements for the development of a sensor for this analyte. Conversely, carbon nanotubes and the NH₂-MIL-101(Fe) MOF were successfully applied for the analysis of Clotiapine in the medicine Etumine^®, with RSD below 2% and relative errors that did not exceed 9% in any case, which demonstrates the precision and accuracy achieved with the tested modifications. Despite these promising results, it was not possible to lower the limits of detection and quantification, so in this sense further investigation must be performed to increase the sensitivity of the developed sensors. Full article