Search Results (26)

Research on ecosystem carbon sequestration services and ecological compensation is crucial for advancing carbon neutrality. As a public good, ecosystem carbon sequestration services inherently lead to externalities. Therefore, it is essential to consider externalities in the flow of sequestration services. However, few studies have examined intra- and inter-regional ecosystem carbon sequestration flows, making regional ecosystem carbon sequestration flows less comprehensive. Against this background, the research objectives of this paper are as follows. The flow of carbon sequestration services between Henan Province and out-of-province regions is studied. In addition, this study clarifies the beneficiary and supply areas of carbon sink services in Henan Province and the neighboring regions at the prefecture-level city scale to obtain a more systematic, comprehensive, and actual flow of carbon sequestration services for scientific and effective eco-compensation and to promote regional synergistic emission reductions. The research methodologies used in this paper are as follows. First, this study adopts a meta-coupling framework, designating Henan Province as the focal system, the Central Urban Agglomeration as the adjacent system, and eight surrounding provinces as remote systems. Regional carbon sequestration was assessed using net primary productivity (NEP), while carbon emissions were evaluated based on per capita carbon emissions and population density. A carbon balance analysis integrated carbon sequestration and emissions. Hotspot analysis identified areas of carbon sequestration service supply and associated benefits. Ecological radiation force formulas were used to quantify service flows, and compensation values were estimated considering the government’s payment capacity and willingness. A three-dimensional evaluation system—incorporating technology, talent, and fiscal capacity—was developed to propose a diversified ecological compensation scheme by comparing supply and beneficiary areas. By modeling the ecosystem carbon sequestration service flow, the main results of this paper are as follows: (1) Within Henan Province, Luoyang and Nanyang provided 521,300 tons and 515,600 tons of carbon sinks to eight cities (e.g., Jiaozuo, Zhengzhou, and Kaifeng), warranting an ecological compensation of CNY 262.817 million and CNY 263.259 million, respectively. (2) Henan exported 3.0739 million tons of carbon sinks to external provinces, corresponding to a compensation value of CNY 1756.079 million. Conversely, regions such as Changzhi, Xiangyang, and Jinzhong contributed 657,200 tons of carbon sinks to Henan, requiring a compensation of CNY 189.921 million. (3) Henan thus achieved a net ecological compensation of CNY 1566.158 million through carbon sink flows. (4) In addition to monetary compensation, beneficiary areas may also contribute through technology transfer, financial investment, and talent support. The findings support the following conclusions: (1) it is necessary to consider the externalities of ecosystem services, and (2) the meta-coupling framework enables a comprehensive assessment of carbon sequestration service flows, providing actionable insights for improving ecosystem governance in Henan Province and comparable regions. Full article

Amid global rural tourism growth and rural revitalization policies, traditional villages’ resource protection and tourism development have drawn international academic attention. To guide villages’ resource planning and management, this study constructed an evaluation index system of cultural, ecological, industrial, talent, and organizational amenities in traditional villages from the perspective of tourists’ perceptions using grounded theory and measured the spatial agglomeration differences, synergistic effects and their influencing factors of traditional village amenities by using location entropy, spatial autocorrelation, and gray correlation degree analysis. The results show that (1) the spatial distributions of cultural, ecological, industrial, and organizational amenities are more balanced, while talent amenities exhibit a more concentrated distribution. (2) The spatial concentration of amenities in traditional villages has a strong positive spatial correlation, the agglomeration level of the high-high type of concentration is distributed in clusters, the low–low type tends to be contiguous, and the low–high type is distributed sporadically around the high–high type; significant synergy between ecological and industrial amenities, and organizations play a supportive role in the spatial agglomeration of cultural, ecological, ecological and talent amenities. (3) Gross regional product, slope, and distance to 3A and above scenic spots significantly influence the spatial agglomeration of amenities. This study provides reference for the sustainable development of traditional villages from the perspectives of exerting agglomeration and radiation effects, synergistically promoting villages’ development, constructing the memory symbol system, and integrating the resource structural system based on the spatial agglomeration difference characteristics of traditional village amenities. Full article

Objectives: To evaluate the immunoprotective effect of a PRRSV N protein subunit vaccine on piglets using a live PRRSV vaccine as a control. Methods: The HEK-293T eukaryotic expression system was used to produce PRRSV N protein, and then PRRSV N protein was immunized with a commercial live PRRS vaccine. The immunoprotective effect of the PRRSV N protein subunit vaccine on piglets was evaluated by detecting the antibody level in the immunized piglets, and the clinical symptoms, pathological changes, and survival rate of the immunized piglets. Results: At 21 and 28 days after immunization, the serum N protein-specific antibody levels of piglets in the live PRRSV vaccine group were higher than those in the N protein group. After PRRSV infection, piglets in the N protein group and the DMEM group showed more severe clinical symptoms such as respiratory distress, loss of appetite, skin redness, and diarrhea than those in the live vaccine group. The rectal temperature of piglets in the live vaccine group remained below 40 °C, and only one piglet died on day 11 post-infection; in the PRRSV N protein group, the rectal temperature of some piglets exceeded 41 °C, and four piglets died on days 9, 11, 14, and 20 post-infection. In addition, pathologic damage to organs such as lungs, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and kidneys was more severe in the N protein group than in the live vaccine group. Furthermore, histopathology and immunohistochemistry showed more pronounced organ damage (lungs, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and kidneys) and higher viral loads in the N protein group compared to the live vaccine group. Conclusions: The PRRS subunit vaccine (N protein) expressed in the HEK-293T eukaryotic system did not protect piglets from heterologous PRRSV infection compared with the PRRS live vaccine. Full article

Under the guidance of the “community pension” initiative and adhering to the people-centered principle, this study focuses on the public interaction spaces within eight communities in the central urban area of Jiaozuo City. It assesses the current state of these spaces and the needs of the elderly population. A comprehensive evaluation system, integrating both subjective and objective factors, is developed for this purpose. Utilizing the railway station community as an illustrative case, this paper delves into the interaction behavior characteristics of various elderly groups and proposes optimal design directions for various public interaction spaces, encompassing functional diversity, space aging adaptability, and construction refinement. Full article

Resource-oriented cities are faced with the problems of the decline of traditional industries, exhaustion of resources, and wastage of space. Faced with these problems, urban renewal has become an important role and is widely used in the reuse of old and abandoned spaces. As a historical witness of the industrial revolution and urbanization process, coal mine industrial heritage not only has the value of material heritage but also carries rich historical and cultural information. However, with the adjustment of industrial structure, much coal mine industrial heritage has gradually lost its original production function and become neglected idle space in cities, and industrial buildings and equipment in these spaces have been abandoned or dismantled. The study takes the Wangfeng Mine site in Jiaozuo City, Henan Province as an example, combined with the urban development history and current situation of Jiaozuo city, it discusses the remodeling strategy of industrial heritage space from the perspective of urban renewal. Firstly, through case analysis, historical data sorting, and field research, the study integrated the historical development context of the Jiaozuo coal mine site and its impact on the urban spatial pattern, secondly, discussed the practical problems in the reuse process of industrial sites, and finally proposed specific spatial remodeling strategies based on the conjugation theory. This included determining how to deal with the three pairs of conjugated relations between protection and development, function and ecology, and history and modernity so as to make the spatial remodeling strategy of industrial sites more scientific and sustainable. To promote the sustainable and healthy development of urban industrial heritage space. Full article

This study proposes a new method for integrating active and passive remote sensing data during critical reproductive periods in order to extract maize areas early and to address the problem of low accuracy in the classification of maize-growing areas affected by climate change. Focusing on Jiaozuo City, this study utilized active–passive remote sensing images to determine the optimal time for maize identification. The relative importance of features was assessed using a feature selection method combined with a machine learning algorithm, the impact of both single-source and multi-source features on accuracy was analyzed to generate the optimal feature subset, and the classification accuracies of different machine learning classification methods for maize at the tasseling stage were compared. Ultimately, this study identified the most effective remote sensing features and methods for maize detection during the optimal fertility period. The experimental results show that the feature set optimized for the tasseling stage significantly enhanced maize recognition accuracy. Specifically, the random forest (RF) method, when applied to the multi-source data fusion feature set, yielded the highest accuracy, improving classification accuracy by 24.6% and 4.86% over single-source features, and achieving an overall accuracy of 93.38% with a Kappa coefficient of 0.91. Data on the study area’s maize area were also extracted for the years 2018–2022, with accuracy values of 93.83%, 98.77%, 97%, and 98.05%, respectively. Full article

Water security, as a crucial component of national security, plays a significant role in maintaining regional stability and ensuring the healthy and rapid development of the economy and society. The Yellow River water-receiving area of Henan Province (YRWAR-HN) is selected as the research area in this study. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed based on the actual water security problems of the research area, and the single index quantification–multiple indices syntheses–poly-criteria integration method (SMI-P) is introduced to quantify the water security degree of 14 cities in the YRWAR-HN from 2010 to 2021. Then, the obstacle degree model is used to identify the key obstacle indexes that restrict the improvement of water security. Finally, the harmonious behavior set optimization method is adopted to carry out the regulation of water security, and the improvement path of water security in the YRWAR-HN is formulated. The results indicate the following: (1) the water security degree of the YRWAR-HN shows a fluctuating upward trend, increasing from 0.4348 (2010) to 0.6766 (2021), a significant rise of 55.61%. The water security level improves from the relatively unsafe level to the relatively safe level. Hebi City exhibits the fastest rate of water security improvement, while Xinxiang City shows the slowest rate. (2) The density of the river network (X1) and the proportion of investment in water conservancy and environmental protection in the total investment (X15) are the two indexes with the highest obstacle degree, with the average obstacle degrees being 15.09% and 10.79%, respectively. (3) The combination of the composite regulation scenario and improvement Path 2 is the optimal regulation strategy for water security in the YRWAR-HN. From the implementation process, Luoyang, Sanmenxia, Jiyuan, Xuchang, and Shangqiu may prioritize improving their flood and drought disaster defense capabilities and emergency response capabilities, continuously enhancing the flood prevention and disaster reduction system. Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jiaozuo, Anyang, Hebi, Pingdingshan, and Zhoukou may prioritize resolving the regional water supply and demand conflicts, balancing development and conservation, actively seeking transboundary and external water transfers, and strengthening the capacity for water conservation and intensive utilization. Puyang City may prioritize enhancing its comprehensive water environment management capabilities, increasing investment in water conservancy and the environment, improving production processes, reducing pollutant emissions, and mitigating agricultural non-point source pollution. Full article

Public flood emergency evacuation is an important way to reduce casualties during a flood disaster. In this study, the influencing factors of urban public flood emergency evacuation decision behavior were studied using the protection motivation theory. The measurement index system of influencing factors of urban public flood emergency evacuation decision behavior was constructed from five dimensions (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, self-efficacy, response efficiency, and response cost) based on the protection motivation theory. The impacts of key influencing factors on flood emergency evacuation decision behavior were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that (1) the susceptibility assessment and severity assessment of the public in threat appraisal had positive impacts on the process of flood emergency evacuation decision behavior. The direct effects of susceptibility assessment and severity assessment of the public on flood emergency evacuation decision behavior were 0.27 and 0.23, respectively. (2) The self-efficacy assessment and response efficiency assessment in coping appraisal also had positive impacts on the flood emergency evacuation decision behavior; the response efficiency had the greatest impact on the flood emergency evacuation decision behavior, and the standard path coefficients from response efficiency assessment and self-efficacy assessment to flood emergency evacuation decision behavior were 0.37 and 0.17, respectively. (3) The response cost assessment in coping appraisal had negative impacts on the flood emergency evacuation decision behavior, and its standard coefficient was −0.18. Finally, some strategies were proposed to improve the urban public flood emergency evacuation capacity based on this study. Full article

Access to clean and equitable water is vital to human survival and an essential component of a sustainable society. Using 59 monitoring sections, the water quality of 32 rivers in 12 river systems within two river basins in one resource-depleted city (Jiaozuo) was examined in four seasons to better comprehend the extent of river pollution, and the distribution prediction of main indexes was conducted. In total, 92% of the monitoring sections met the national standards. Overall, 12.5%, 62.5%, and 25% of samples met water quality standards III, IV, and V, respectively. The concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 0.527 to 7.078, 0.001 to 1.789, and 0.53 to 799.25 mg/L, respectively. The Yellow River Basin has higher annual mean concentrations of total carbon (TC), TN, and total organic carbon (TOC) than the Haihe River Basin. The highest and lowest concentrations of specific water quality indices varied across seasons and rivers. Dashilao and Rongyou Rivers have the best water quality, while Dasha, Xin, and Mang Rivers have the worst. TN, TP, and NH₄⁺-N concentrations in the Laomang River midstream were greater than those upstream and downstream. Statistically, significant positive associations were found between NH₄⁺-N and TC, TOC, and COD (p < 0.025), where NH₄⁺-N and COD influenced water quality the most. A significant positive relationship between COD and TP (p < 0.01) was observed. Overall, water quality values were highest in the summer and lowest in winter. The distribution prediction revealed TN, TP, NH₄⁺-N, and COD showed significant regional differences. Household sewage, industrial sewage discharge, and agricultural contamination were all the possible significant contributors to declining water quality. These findings could provide a scientific reference for river water resource management in resource-depleted cities. Full article

With the development and utilization of resources, mineral-resource cities face the dilemma of resource depletion, the environmental restoration of mines, and industrial transformation. Reusing their mining heritage is a good way for these cities to change their mono-industrial structure and vigorously develop successor industries. Due to the complexity of reusing mining heritage, introducing the “Public–Private-Partnership” (PPP) mode can be a good solution to the problems of the government’s mining heritage reuse, such as large capital investment and a long construction-cycle time. To accurately classify the risk of reuse of mining heritage in the PPP mode, 26 indicators are selected to construct the evaluation index system of mining heritage reuse in the PPP mode based on five aspects: social capital-side, contractor-side, government-side, civilian-side, and the natural environment. The path coefficients of the structural equation model are used to calculate the weights of the indicators. The improved matter–element extension model is constructed to evaluate the reuse of mining heritage in the PPP mode. The Jiaozuo-Centennial Mining Heritage Park project is the object of research for applying the model. The results show that the risk evaluation index system combines the risk factors from the stakeholders’ perspective. The risk-evaluation model of the mining heritage reuse PPP project is constructed based on the combination of the improved matter–element extension model, the calculation of the asymmetric closeness, and the structural equation modeling method, which solves the drawbacks of the traditional model, such as the difficulty of determining the weights of the indicators, the incomplete scope of the material element domains, and the poor calculation of the comprehensive correlation degree. The case analysis shows that the risk level of the Jiaozuo-Centennial Mining Heritage Park project is Level II. This aligns with the actual situation and verifies the feasibility of the risk-evaluation model applied to the actual project. The research in this paper fills the gap in the risk model of mining heritage reuse in the PPP mode, enriches the theoretical system of risk evaluation of mining heritage reuse projects, and provides reference significance for similar mining heritage development projects in the future. Full article

Fire extinguishing in residential self-built houses is difficult, and casualties are likely to occur. The aim of this study was to improve the fire safety resilience of residential self-built houses and decrease fire safety hazards. Firstly, the connotation of fire resilience of residential self-built houses was scientifically defined according to resilience theory. Then, a fire safety resilience evaluation index system with resistance, response and learning as the core was developed based on the properties of residential self-built houses, legal norms and relevant literature. At the same time, to weaken the effects of subjective factors, a fire safety resilience evaluation model of residential self-built houses was established based on a combination weighting–similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method to quantify the influence of each index and divide the resilience level standards. Finally, a practical case of a residential self-built house in Jiaozuo City was adopted for resilience assessment for the verification of the scientificity and rationality of the model. The results showed the following. (1) In the evaluation system, the proportion of the coping and learning stages was 75%, and improving this factor significantly promoted the fire safety resilience of residential self-built houses. (2) Through TOPSIS, the fire safety resilience of residential self-built houses was classified into four groups of poor, medium, good and excellent. (3) By performing an example test, the fire safety resilience level of this residential self-built house was found to be medium, and the evaluation results were basically consistent with the actual situation of the building, which verified the scientificity and rationality of the proposed model. Full article

Jiaozuo, located in the northwest of Henan Province, is one of the six major anthracite production bases in China. It is susceptible to land subsidence due to over a hundred years of mining history, continuous urbanization, frequent human activities, etc., which poses a great threat to urban infrastructure construction and people’s production and lives. However, traditional leveling techniques are not sufficient for monitoring large areas of land subsidence due to the time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive nature of the process. Furthermore, the results of conventional methods may not be timely, rendering them ineffective for monitoring purposes. With the continuous advancement of urbanization, land subsidence caused by groundwater extraction, ground load, and other factors in daily life poses a great threat to urban infrastructure construction and people’s production and lives. In order to monitor the land subsidence in the area of Jiaozuo city, this article uses the Sentienl-1A satellite data covering the city from March 2017 to March 2021 to obtain the accumulated land subsidence and the average land subsidence rate based on the Small Baselines Subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR) technology. The results indicate that the surface of Jiaozuo area is generally stable, and there has been no large-scale settlement. The settlement rate is roughly between −1 mm/a and 2.2 mm/a, and the areas with obvious land subsidence are mainly located in the southeast and east of Jiaozuo city center. After field investigation, it was found that the land subsidence is mainly caused by two reasons: groundwater excessive mining and excessive surface load. In the northeast of Jiaozuo city, there is a certain uplift area. After on-site investigation, it was found that the area is connected to a tailings pond of an aluminum mine, constantly accumulating abandoned rock masses and sediment, causing an annual uplift rate of +6~+ 24 mm/a. The large-scale extraction of groundwater from farmland in the urban–rural integration area for irrigation of wheat has led to the settlement of buildings in the area with a rate of −11–−74 mm/a. Full article

In recent years, the rapid improvement in the urbanization level of the Central Plains urban agglomeration is bound to bring about significant changes in urban land expansion and economic development. However, at present, there is little attention paid to the research on the spatiotemporal interaction characteristics of urban expansion and the interaction between urban expansion and economic development in this region, and existing research lacks a geographical analysis perspective. This study uses spatial autocorrelation, hot spot analysis, LISA time path, and standard deviation ellipse models to analyze the spatiotemporal interaction characteristics of urban expansion in the Central Plains urban agglomeration from 1990 to 2020, and it uses bilateral spatial autocorrelation and decoupling models to analyze the spatial correlation and decoupling effects of urban expansion and economic development. The results show that (1) the urban built-up area of the Central Plains urban agglomeration as a whole is growing in a “J” shape, and the expansion rate has increased rapidly in the past 10 years. (2) The spatial expansion of the city is mainly in the direction of “northwest–southeast”; the directionality has been gradually strengthened in the past 10 years, mainly in the direction of several prefecture-level cities under the jurisdiction of Anhui Province, and the spatial center of gravity of the city has shifted significantly to the south. (3) The spatial agglomeration characteristics of urban expansion in the Central Plains urban agglomeration are not obvious; local hot spots are concentrated in Jiaozuo and its surrounding areas, and urban expansion has local spatial structural instability. (4) During the 2005–2020 period, the risk of uncoordinated urban expansion and economic growth in the Central Plains urban agglomeration increased. This study is of great significance for the rational control of regional development, providing empirical reference for the formulation of the development planning of the Central Plains urban agglomeration, as well as providing a reference for research ideas and methods related to urbanization. Full article

As the critical object of ecological civilization construction, the risk of supply chain interruption in green building is increasing. Identifying the weak links of the green building supply chain and evaluating the resilience level is significant in promoting the green development of the construction industry. Firstly, according to the characteristics of the green building supply chain, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of green building supply chain resilience and uses the interpretative structural model (ISM) to analyze the correlation degree between evaluation indexes. Secondly, the ANP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to evaluate the resilience of the green building supply chain. Finally, an empirical study is conducted on a green building project in Jiaozuo City. According to the results, the ANP-Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model can objectively evaluate the resilience level of the green building supply chain and apply it to practical case analysis. Full article

Medium-sized cities are increasingly committed to the planning and construction of urban public spaces to meet people’s demand for high-quality urban life. Parks and squares are important parts of urban public spaces, and their vitality represents the quality of public spaces to a certain extent and reflects the happiness index of urban residents. At present, the functional areas and transportation networks of medium-sized cities are still developing. Due to the influence of urban construction, the planning of parks and squares in medium-sized cities has not yet caught up to that in larger cities. This study analyzed a medium-sized city, Jiaozuo, as an example, with the help of point of interest (POI) data, OpenStreetMap road network density data and WorldPop population data. The vitality of parks and squares in different functional spaces in the main urban area in Jiaozuo was quantitatively evaluated in terms of the four following aspects: urban space functional area characteristics, travel vitality index of urban residents, park and square attractiveness and the regional service levels of parks and squares. The effects of functional mixing, traffic network density, population density and spatial distribution on the vitality of parks and squares in medium-sized cities were also studied. The results showed that (1) the functional mixing in the main urban area in Jiaozuo was characterized by a spatial distribution of high in the center and low in the surrounding areas, with the highest functional mixing in the central part of the Jiefang District; (2) the travel dynamics of urban residents were characterized by a clear development of concentric circles radiating in a circular pattern; (3) the levels of service in parks and squares were particularly high in Jiefang District, with a spatial distribution of Jiefang District > Shanyang District > Macun District > Zhongzhan District; (4) under the condition that the service levels of each district were the same, the vitality values of the existing parks and squares in each district were compared and, from high to low, were Jiefang District (1.0–3.5), Shanyang District (0.2–2.0), Macun District (0–1.4) and Zhongzhan District (0–1.2). Functional mixing, road networks and population density had significant impacts on the vitality of parks and squares. Based on our study on the division of urban functional areas, we expanded the study to include urban microspaces. By evaluating the vitality of existing parks and squares and analyzing the influencing factors of spatial vitality, we found that it would be helpful to adopt targeted strategies to improve spatial vitality. Considering the spatial layouts of parks and squares, planning and constructing high-vitality parks and squares would be conducive to the future development of medium-sized cities. The existence of high-vitality spaces could also help to realize the sustainable development of cities. Full article