Search Results (5,558)

Background and Objectives: Despite the presence of atherosclerosis risk factors and symptoms associated with occlusive atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), up to 30% of individuals do not present significant atherosclerotic lesions at the point of diagnostic evaluation. Those in whom ASCVD was ruled out once might be believed to be at low risk of future major cerebral and cardiac events (MACCEs). Despite this, they might still have some residual risk for MACCEs. Therefore, in the present study we aimed to evaluate risk factors for atherosclerosis progression to the stage of occlusive arterial disease in patients with cardiovascular risk factors but initially free from significant ASCVD. Materials and Methods: Between March 2012 and February 2014, a total of 686 consecutive patients presenting with clinical suspicion of significant coronary artery disease were evaluated. The actual status of atherosclerosis burden was verified in four major arterial territories (coronary, carotid, renal, lower limb arteries) with the use of angiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography. For the present study purpose, 188 (27.4%) patients were enrolled, in whom significant ASCVD (in any of the examined territories) was ruled out. In all patients, the incidence and severity of atherosclerotic risk factors, carotid intima–media complex thickness (CIMT) and carotid plaque presence were evaluated during first hospital admission. A ten-year follow-up period for a composite endpoint of MACCEs was included. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses with the Simon–Makuch method for new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were performed for MACCEs. Results: MACCEs occurred in 30 (16%) of 188 patients, including 5 cardiovascular deaths, 19 non-fatal myocardial infarctions, and 6 non-fatal ischemic strokes, in a median of 48 (Q1; Q3: 25; 86) months. Univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that individuals who presented with baseline LDL cholesterol > 3.2 mmol/L, CIMT > 1 mm, carotid plaque, or experienced new-onset T2DM were predisposed to MACCE with hazard ratios (HRs) of 3.21 (p = 0.003), 3.82 (p = 0.001), 5.41 (p < 0.001), and 36.89 (p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariate Cox analysis, its associations with MACCEs were retained (HRs between 2.19 and 21.47), respectively. Conclusions: Our findings support the need for continued risk factor optimization despite the initial exclusion of obstructive ASCVD. In this study, we identified new-onset T2DM, initial LDL cholesterol, and the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis as risk factors for MACCEs. Full article

Background: The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score is a simple inflammation–nutrition index that has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study investigated the association between the HALP score and poor glycemic control in older adults with T2DM receiving home health care after excluding patients with malnutrition. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 201 patients aged ≥65 years with T2DM whose routinely collected home health care records between 15 December 2025 and 15 March 2026 were retrospectively reviewed after ethics committee approval. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥ 8.0%. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with elevated HbA1c levels. A sensitivity analysis including clinically relevant variables was additionally conducted. The discriminative performance of HALP was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The median age was 83 years, 52.2% were male, and 51 patients (25.4%) had elevated HbA1c levels (≥8.0%). In univariate analysis, high HALP was significantly associated with lower odds of elevated HbA1c levels (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.14–0.52; p < 0.001), whereas dementia showed a borderline association (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.12–1.06; p = 0.065). In multivariable analysis, high HALP remained independently associated with lower odds of poor glycemic control (OR: 0.28; 95% CI: 0.14–0.54; p < 0.001). In a sensitivity analysis adjusted for age, sex, Barthel group, and dementia, high HALP maintained its independent association with lower odds of elevated HbA1c levels (OR: 0.30; 95% CI: 0.15–0.59; p = 0.001). The HALP score demonstrated weak to modest discriminative ability for predicting HbA1c ≥ 8.0% (AUC: 0.645; 95% CI: 0.552–0.739; p = 0.002), with 75.3% sensitivity and 45.1% specificity at a cut-off value of 29.24. Conclusions: High HALP was independently associated with better glycemic control in older adults with T2DM receiving home health care. However, given its weak to modest discriminative ability, HALP should be interpreted alongside clinical assessment and routine metabolic parameters rather than as a standalone diagnostic or predictive criterion. Full article

Chinese yam possesses anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) potential. However, existing research has focused on its polysaccharides rather than its abundant peptide components. Therefore, this study integrated peptidomics with network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential anti-T2DM mechanisms of Chinese yam peptides. Firstly, this study revealed that crude peptides extracted from Chinese yam possessed a potential hypoglycemic activity, with an IC₅₀ of 568.87 μg/mL against α-glucosidase. Secondly, peptidomics identified 558 peptides with the sequences ranging from 3 to 25 residues. Thirdly, network pharmacology was conducted on 15 candidate peptides selected through bioactivity prediction and safety evaluation. These peptides shared 466 common targets with T2DM, with seven core targets identified through topological network analysis: SRC, EGFR, PTPN11, PIK3R1, ESR1, STAT3, and PIK3CA. Enrichment analysis revealed that these targets were significantly associated with PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways. Fourthly, molecular docking confirmed the strong binding affinities between the 15 bioactive peptides and seven core targets, particularly the high-affinity binding of peptides SIDLYENRL and RAPDDLDTRL to PIK3CA. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Chinese yam peptides possess potential hypoglycemic activity and may ameliorate T2DM through the regulation of insulin signaling via PI3K-Akt activation and the modulation of inflammation via the MAPK pathway. Full article

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by progressive insulin resistance, impaired glucose regulation, and elevated cardiometabolic risk. Despite the availability of pharmacological therapies, long-term glycemic control remains suboptimal in many patients, highlighting the need for effective adjunctive nutritional strategies. Probiotic yogurt containing well-characterized bacterial consortia has been proposed as one such approach, given its potential to modulate gut microbiota composition, increase short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, improve intestinal barrier integrity, and attenuate low-grade systemic inflammation. A narrative review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using terms related to probiotic yogurt, synbiotic yogurt, insulin sensitivity, T2DM, gut microbiota, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. Priority was given to randomized controlled trials (RCTs), meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, supplemented by mechanistically relevant preclinical studies. The reviewed evidence indicates that probiotic yogurt generally produces more consistent improvements in long-term metabolic markers, particularly glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile, than in acute fasting glucose responses. Several trials also report reductions in fasting insulin and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), combined with improvement in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), particularly when yogurt is enriched with prebiotic substrates such as inulin and konjac glucomannan. Probiotic yogurt formulated with well-selected microbial consortia may serve as a safe complementary intervention for improving insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic control in T2DM patients. Full article

Background: Falls in older adults are a major public health and rehabilitation concern and may reflect interacting chronic disease-related mechanisms rather than diagnostic labels alone. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension (HTN), and osteoarthritis (OA) are common in later life and may influence fall vulnerability through sensory, vascular, musculoskeletal, cognitive, medication-related, and functional pathways. This scoping review aimed to map mechanism-oriented evidence linking T2DM, HTN, and OA to falls and fall-related outcomes in older adults. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with established scoping review methodology and PRISMA-ScR guidance. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for English-language studies published from 2016 to 2026; the final search was conducted on 15 April 2026. Evidence was charted in a structured table and synthesised descriptively and thematically across disease-specific and shared mechanism domains. Results: A total of 151 studies were included. The evidence was organised into T2DM-related sensory-neural, gait and balance, vestibular/visual-cognitive, strength-related, and glycaemic or medication-related mechanisms; HTN-related haemodynamic, cerebral perfusion, dizziness/syncope, and medication-related mechanisms; and OA-related pain, proprioceptive, strength-related, gait and balance, psychological, and compensatory-control mechanisms. Shared pathways included frailty, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, pain burden, cognitive impairment, sleep disturbance, ADL decline, dizziness, and reduced physical function. Conclusions: Falls in older adults with T2DM, HTN, OA, or multimorbidity may be better understood through interacting disease-specific and shared mechanisms than through diagnostic labels alone. Future longitudinal and multimorbidity-specific studies using standardised fall ascertainment are needed to test these pathways more directly. Full article

Background/Objectives: Diabetes is associated with impaired wound healing, with consequences for tissue recovery across surgical procedures. In the oral context, hyaluronic acid-based adjunctive therapies have shown promise in improving early post-extraction healing in diabetes; however, clinical evidence remains limited. Different supplemented HA-based formulations yield heterogenous healing outcomes. Moreover, whether age or diabetes duration influences the effect of these adjunctive therapies remains to be established. Methods: We conducted an individual-participant-data pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials that evaluated the use of hyaluronic acid supplemented with two different sets of selected amino acids; individual data from each trial was combined into a single dataset. Results: In this pooled analysis, modified healing index scores improved significantly over time. When each intervention was evaluated relative to its corresponding control, hyaluronic acid plus six pro-collagen synthesis amino acids produced a significantly greater improvement in healing response over time than the other HA-based formulation, after adjustment for age (Greenhouse–Geisser: time × treatment: F = 5.821, p < 0.001) and diabetes duration (Greenhouse–Geisser: time × treatment: F = 4.939, p < 0.001). Neither age nor diabetes duration significantly modified the healing trajectory (Greenhouse–Geisser: time × age: F = 2.536, p = 0.083; time × diabetes duration: F = 0.131, p = 0.878). No clear association with age or diabetes duration was observed. Conclusions: Supplementing hyaluronic acid with six selected amino acids associated with a significantly faster post-extraction tissue recovery in patients with diabetes. Moreover, treatment choice was relevant regardless of age or years since diabetes diagnosis. Full article

Background: Beta-blockers (BBs) remain a foundation of cardiovascular therapy. However, cumulative evidence suggests that metabolic adverse effects may differ significantly between individual sub-classes. While conventional BBs have been associated with changes in glucose and lipid metabolism, the comparative real-world reporting patterns of these events have not been comprehensively evaluated. Objective: We investigated the association between selected BBs and metabolic diseases using a large pharmacovigilance database and compared the reporting profiles of metoprolol (MET), carvedilol (CAR), bisoprolol (BIS), and nebivolol (NEB). Methods: A descriptive and disproportionality analysis was performed using Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) submitted to the EudraVigilance database up to 26 April 2026. Metabolic adverse events were grouped into pathophysiological categories, including dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), lipid disorders, obesity-related disorders, inflammatory biomarkers, and hepatic steatosis. Reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to identify disproportional reporting signals. To improve clinical reliability, a stratified analysis restricted to healthcare professional (HP)-submitted reports was conducted. Results: A total of 63.744 ICSRs were identified for the four BBs, including 27.169 for MET, 21.860 for BIS, 9487 for CAR, and 5228 for NEB. Dysglycemic events represented the most frequently reported metabolic category, with hyperglycemia and T2DM accounting for 155 reports each. MET was associated with the highest number of reports for T2DM, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and elevated triglycerides. In HP-submitted reports, MET showed significantly higher reporting odds of increased triglycerides, obesity, inflammation, and T2DM than BIS and/or CAR. CAR showed higher reporting odds for hyperglycemia and obesity compared with BIS, whereas BIS and, particularly, NEB presented comparatively lower reporting frequencies for metabolic diseases. No significant differences were observed for hepatic steatosis, decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), or impaired glucose tolerance. Conclusions: This large-scale pharmacovigilance study highlights substantial heterogeneity in the reporting of metabolic adverse events among commonly prescribed BBs. MET and to a lesser extent CAR were associated with higher reporting odds of metabolic diseases, whereas BIS and especially NEB demonstrated more favorable reporting profiles. Although causality cannot be established from spontaneous reporting data, these findings support individualized BB selection and closer metabolic monitoring in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Full article

Older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may exhibit early neuromuscular impairment, but the relative contribution of functional performance, mechanical capacity, body composition, and metabolic status remains unclear. This matched cross-sectional study compared 31 older adults with T2DM and 31 non-diabetic controls matched by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Participants completed assessments of physical function, sit-to-stand (STS)-derived muscle power, lower-limb force–velocity profiling during leg press, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and fasting blood analyses. Between-group differences were examined using independent-samples t-tests, while exploratory discriminant and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate within-sample group classification. Compared with controls, participants with T2DM showed longer 5-STS time (p = 0.001) and lower absolute and relative STS power (both p ≤ 0.01). In contrast, leg-press maximal force (F₀) and maximal power (Pmax) did not differ between groups, while maximal and optimal velocity were higher in the T2DM group (both p = 0.026). The T2DM group also showed lower peripheral fat mass, a higher android-to-gynoid ratio (AND/GYN), higher fasting glucose, and lower insulin and HOMA-β values. Exploratory analyses suggested that a combined model including relative STS power, V₀, HOMA-β, and AND/GYN ratio showed higher within-sample classification performance than relative STS power or leg-press maximal power alone. These findings suggest that STS-derived functional power may provide additional information on lower limb function beyond leg-press force–velocity profiling when characterizing functional status in older adults with T2DM. Full article

Background/Objectives: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections are infrequent but clinically significant, and Latin American—particularly Chilean—data remain scarce. We aimed to describe the clinical and microbiological profile, complications, mortality, and local infection burden of CIED infections at a tertiary center in southern Chile. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive cohort study of all patients treated for CIED infection at Hospital Dr. Hernán Henríquez Aravena between January 2015 and December 2021. Crude per-procedure infection proportions were calculated using locally implanted devices (primary implants, generator replacements, and upgrades) as the denominator; because annual implant volumes and individual follow-up times were not retrievable, only exploratory approximate rates per 100 patient-years were derived under strong assumptions and were not used for formal comparison. Results: Fifty-four patients were included (77.8% men; mean age 69 ± 14 years). Predominant comorbidities were arterial hypertension (79.6%), heart failure (40.7%), atrial fibrillation (27.8%), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (24.1%). Pacemakers accounted for 59.3% of infections, and late-onset cases predominated (48.2%). The overall per-procedure infection proportion was 1.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.9%) and was numerically higher for implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs; 5.5%) and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices (4.3%) than for pacemakers (1.1%). Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (43.2%) and Staphylococcus aureus (24.3%) were the leading isolates, although microbiological sampling was incomplete (available in 68.5%). Complete system extraction was attempted in all patients and achieved in all but one case; recurrence occurred in 9.3% and in-hospital mortality in 1.9%. Conclusions: The clinical and microbiological profile of CIED infections in this single-center southern Chilean cohort was broadly consistent with international series. Per-procedure proportions for ICDs and CRT devices were numerically higher than those for pacemakers, but the retrospective design, a procedure-based denominator including replacements and upgrades, and incomplete echocardiographic and microbiological workup preclude formal comparison with time-to-event registries; these device-specific findings should be regarded as exploratory and hypothesis-generating. The findings identify concrete, locally actionable targets: more systematic microbiological sampling, broader pre-procedural and diagnostic echocardiography (including transesophageal studies), and strengthened long-term follow-up of CIED carriers. Full article

Semaglutide, a recombinant DNA-derived long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, has emerged as a key player for patients with or without T2DM and obesity. It exerts pleiotropic effects by modulating glycemic regulation and energy homeostasis. Mechanistically, it stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion and suppresses glucagon while enhancing satiety through POMC/NPY modulation in the arcuate nucleus and delaying gastric emptying. Beyond its metabolic utility, semaglutide is cardioprotective, leveraging the PI3K/Akt and eNOS pathways to improve vasodilation, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and stabilize atherosclerotic plaques by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α. While it improves cardiac output via PKA-mediated inotropy, potential cardiotoxicity, including resting tachycardia and autonomic-driven arrhythmias, requires clinical vigilance, particularly regarding electrolyte imbalances in heart failure patients. Ultimately, its robust vasculoprotective profile reinforces its potential as a cornerstone in cardiovascular pharmacotherapy. Further research is needed to better understand the effects of semaglutide on cardiac function and pathologies as it advances as a cardiac drug. This review discusses multiple molecular targets of semaglutide on the heart. Full article

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with altered gut microbiota and reduced short-chain fatty acid production, which may contribute to insulin resistance. However, evidence on fecal Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) profiles in African populations remains limited. This study quantified fecal SCFAs in individuals with and without T2DM using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatization. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 140 adults (92 non-diabetic and 48 T2DM). Fecal SCFAs were extracted, derivatized using BSTFA, and analysed by GC–MS. Associations between SCFAs, diabetes status, and HbA1c were evaluated using non-parametric statistics. Results: The GC–MS method demonstrated strong linearity (R² = 0.9917–0.9978), acceptable recovery, and reproducibility. Acetic, propionic, butyric, pentanoic, hexanoic, and heptanoic acids were detected, with acetic acid being most abundant in both groups. T2DM participants had higher median SCFA levels, although only butyric acid differed significantly (p = 0.027). HbA1c was significantly higher in the T2DM group (p < 0.001). No significant associations were observed between SCFAs and HbA1c in either group. Age differed significantly between groups, with T2DM participants older than non-diabetic controls. Conclusions: Most fecal SCFA profiles were comparable between individuals with T2DM and healthy controls. However, butyric acid was significantly elevated in the T2DM group, indicating that not all SCFAs exhibited similar patterns between the study groups. These findings suggest that fecal SCFAs alone may not serve as reliable biomarkers of T2DM in this population and highlight the influence of complex host–microbiome–environment interactions suggesting that dietary and microbial factors may outweigh disease status in determining SCFA variability in this cohort setting. Full article

Whipple disease is a rare systemic infection caused by Tropheryma whipplei that often presents with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms and may mimic other disorders. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus who presented with chronic diarrhoea and a 15 kg unintentional weight loss over 6 months despite preserved appetite. Laboratory investigations revealed iron-deficiency anaemia, hypoproteinaemia, mild inflammatory and liver function abnormalities, and peripheral eosinophilia. Extensive infectious, autoimmune, and gastrointestinal investigations were unrevealing. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated mesenteric lymphadenopathy, raising suspicion for lymphoma. Histopathological examination of duodenal biopsies revealed numerous foamy macrophages containing periodic acid–Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant granular material, consistent with Whipple disease. Ziehl–Neelsen staining additionally demonstrated acid-fast bacilli, and subsequent investigations confirmed concomitant Mycobacterium szulgai infection. The significance of this finding remains uncertain, as it may represent either true coinfection or incidental colonisation. A potential explanation is that T. whipplei-induced macrophage dysfunction creates a permissive intracellular niche for nontuberculous mycobacteria, although supporting evidence is lacking. Following antimicrobial therapy, the patient experienced marked clinical improvement with resolution of symptoms and an 8 kg weight gain. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges of Whipple disease and the need to consider concomitant mycobacterial infection when acid-fast organisms are identified. Full article

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) dual agonists have revolutionized the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The rapid growth in public interest, off-label use, and the emergence of counterfeit drugs underscores the need for timely monitoring of information demand. Objective: The objective of this study is to quantitatively characterize the temporal dynamics, market concentration, seasonality, and semantic structure of Russian-language search queries regarding GLP-1RAs and GLP-1/GIP dual agonists and to assess their correlation with pharmaceutical demand. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of Yandex.Wordstat data from March 2018 to March 2026 (covering 97 months, 27 INNs and brand names). Time series analysis (trends, structural breaks, Seasonal-Trend decomposition based on Loess (STL decomposition)), calculation of the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI), and semantic analysis of 4562 unique formulations (bigrams, trigrams, Term Frequency–Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), thematic classification, morphological normalization) were performed. Validation was conducted using DSM Group pharmacy sales data. Results: A total of 46.05 million queries were analyzed. Interest in semaglutide increased 215-fold, with the structural break point identified in January 2021. The HHI decreased from 0.311 (indicating a highly concentrated market) to 0.141 (indicating a competitive market). The share of diabetes-related queries did not exceed 0.46%, while the share of weight-loss-related queries reached 13.91%, and the share of commercial-component queries reached 41.1%. Four semantic signatures were identified: brand-dominant (Ozempic), instruction-targeted (Saxenda), dose-commercial (Tirzetta), and instruction-commercial (Trulicity). No statistically significant seasonality was confirmed after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The correlation between search interest and pharmacy sales was the strongest for Tirzetta (r = 0.976; n = 8; p < 0.001) and remained significant after trend removal (first differences: r = 0.819; p = 0.024). Conclusions: Yandex.Wordstat data provide a valuable supplementary source for digital pharmacoepidemiology. A systematic discrepancy was found between registered indications and actual information demand, a finding that has significant implications for pharmacovigilance and healthcare planning. Full article

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex and heterogeneous condition characterized by the coexistence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, chronic low-grade inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays a central role in the development and progression of MetS by influencing host metabolism, intestinal barrier integrity, immune activation, endocrine signaling, and vascular homeostasis. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding gut microbiota alterations across major obesity-related metabolic phenotypes, including obesity alone, obesity complicated by T2DM, and obesity associated with hypertension. Obesity is generally characterized by reduced microbial diversity, depletion of beneficial taxa such as Faecalibacteriumprausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, impaired short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) signaling, increased intestinal permeability, and metabolic endotoxemia. The coexistence of T2DM is associated with a more pronounced depletion of butyrate-producing bacteria, altered bile acid metabolism, impaired incretin signaling, and enhanced inflammatory activation that may contribute to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. In hypertensive obesity, gut dysbiosis appears to preferentially involve disturbances within the gut–vascular axis, including reduced SCFA-producing taxa, increased trimethylamine N-oxide production, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and vascular inflammation. Although microbial signatures partially overlap among metabolic phenotypes, functional alterations in microbial metabolites and host–microbiota interactions may better explain disease heterogeneity than isolated taxonomic changes. Current evidence supports the potential role of microbiota-targeted interventions and integrated multi-omics approaches in future precision medicine strategies for cardiometabolic disease prevention and management. Full article

Background and Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are increasingly prescribed for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While these agents provide substantial metabolic benefits, concerns have emerged regarding their effects on nutritional status and potential implications for perioperative outcomes. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A structured literature search was conducted from 2 May 2026 to 8 June 2026 examining GLP-1RA therapy, nutritional status, body composition and surgical outcomes. Eligible studies included investigations of postoperative outcomes associated with GLP-1RA use, nutritional and body composition effects of GLP-1RAs, associations between nutritional abnormalities and surgical outcomes, and perioperative nutritional optimisation strategies. Data were extracted and synthesised narratively. Results: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Four major themes were identified: (1) nutritional and body composition changes associated with GLP-1RA therapy, (2) effects of malnutrition, sarcopenia, myosteatosis and micronutrient deficiencies on surgical outcomes, (3) postoperative outcomes associated with GLP-1RA use, and (4) perioperative nutritional assessment and optimisation strategies. GLP-1RA therapy was consistently associated with reduced energy intake, inadequate protein intake, micronutrient deficiencies and loss of lean body mass. These abnormalities overlap with recognised risk factors for adverse postoperative outcomes. Despite this, clinical studies generally reported neutral or favourable postoperative outcomes among GLP-1RA users, particularly in arthroplasty and hand surgery populations, although increased wound-healing complications were reported in selected plastic surgery cohorts. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that GLP-1RAs do not consistently worsen postoperative outcomes; however, their use is associated with nutritional and body composition changes that may influence perioperative recovery. Nutritional assessment and optimisation may therefore represent an important component of perioperative care in patients receiving GLP-1RA therapy. Full article