Search Results (182)

Against the backdrop of rapid development in marine engineering, the construction industry faces practical challenges, such as water scarcity, limited availability of natural river sand, and high raw material transportation costs. This has led to an increasing demand for resource-efficient concrete production technologies and improved construction economic efficiency. Seawater–sea-sand concrete (SWSSC) offers a locally sourced solution that effectively reduces the construction sector’s overreliance on freshwater and river sand, lowers material transportation costs for coastal infrastructure projects, and supports marine engineering and infrastructure development along the Belt and Road Initiative. However, existing research lacks systematic organization and visualized quantitative analysis. Utilizing the CiteSpace 7.0.R0 knowledge graph analysis software, this study selects 982 relevant papers published in the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection between 2016 and 2025 as the sample. By employing analytical methods—including annual publication volume statistics, collaboration networks among researchers, keyword co-occurrence patterns, and temporal evolution charts—we systematically delineate the overall research landscape, distribution of key research institutions, trends in research hotspots, and future frontier directions in this field. The analysis results indicate that: (1) The total number of publications in the global seawater–sand concrete field has been increasing year by year. From 2016 to 2018, it was the basic exploration period, with an average annual publication volume of less than 10. From 2019 to 2021, it was the deepening and expansion period, with research expanding from the performance of a single material to material modification and structural application. From 2022 to 2025, it was the rapid prosperity period, with the publication volume reaching its peak in 2024–2025 (208 articles and 203 articles), and the publication volume continued to rise. (2) China ranks first globally with 798 publications, but its centrality in international cooperation networks is only 0.24, reflecting low overall collaboration density and loose partnerships between institutions and authors, without the formation of cross-institutional core research teams with global leadership. (3) Research hotspots in this field primarily focus on material properties, durability characteristics, and mechanical strength, among which FRP reinforcement systems serve as a bridge for interdisciplinary research bridging material fundamentals and engineering applications, representing a key research branch. (4) From the perspective of evolutionary trends, the field exhibits three major developmental shifts from macroscopic mechanical performance characterization to in-depth investigation of microscopic damage mechanisms, from single-material studies to composite structural systems, and from short-term laboratory accelerated testing to full life-cycle performance evaluation, with the low-carbon potential of seawater–sand concrete increasingly becoming a prominent research focus. Therefore, this paper advocates strengthening international and inter-institutional academic collaboration, fostering multidisciplinary innovation, and prioritizing breakthroughs in key areas, such as large-scale intelligent performance prediction, long-term performance database development, and digital-twin-based operation and maintenance management, to facilitate the transition of seawater–sand concrete technology toward efficient, low-carbon, safe, and intelligent engineering applications. Full article

With the backdrop of the coexistence of sustainable development of marine economy and ecological environment restrictions, how to enhance the efficiency of marine environmental governance (MEGE) has become a significant topic whereby coastal regions should attain green transformation. The research object in this paper is 11 coastal provincial administrative units in mainland China between 2013 and 2021, and marine environmental governance is divided into two stages of production and governance. MEGE and its stage efficiency are measured with the help of the two-stage super-efficiency Network SBM model, and the efficiency growth is characterized with the help of the Network Malmquist index. It is on this basis that, using the technology–organization–environment (TOE) framework, six antecedent conditions of digital economy, technological innovation, marine industrial structure, marine industrial agglomeration, environmental regulation, and degree of openness are chosen and fsQCA is applied to determine the multiple configuration paths of high MEGE growth. The findings indicate the following: (1) The MEGE in the coastal regions of China is improving in general, although the differences in the region remain evident. The efficiency characteristics of the production stage and the governance stage differ, and the inter-provincial differentiation of the governance stage is more pronounced. (2) No single condition is required to achieve high MEGE growth but four equifinal configurations created by the combined action of several conditions can be further reduced to three types, namely technology–environment driven, technology–organization–environment synergistic and technology–organization driven. (3) There exists apparent synergy, compensation, and substitution relationships between technology, organization, and environmental conditions. The most important aspect of high-efficiency growth is not that all positive conditions are on a high level simultaneously, but that a complex of conditions corresponding to the foundation of regional development is created. (4) High and non-high MEGE growth have a strong causal asymmetry and the effective driving routes in various regions are also different. This paper extends the study of the efficiency of marine environmental governance in the two dimensions of internal stage structure and configuration mechanism, and applies accurate, path adaptation, and regional differentiation governance to coastal regions. Full article

Marine fisheries play a vital role in ensuring food supply and sustaining livelihoods in coastal regions of China. However, the expansion of aquaculture has led to increasing carbon emissions and mounting pressure on resources and the environment, making the improvement of ecological efficiency a critical issue for the sustainable development of the industry. From the perspective of carbon emissions as undesirable output, this paper employs the DEA-SBM model and the GML index to measure the ecological efficiency of marine fisheries across nine coastal provinces in China from 2006 to 2023. Furthermore, using fixed-effects models, mediation-effect models, and grouped regression models, this study empirically examines the impacts of fishermen’s income and environmental regulations on the ecological efficiency of marine fisheries and their transmission mechanisms. The results indicate that ecological efficiency exhibits fluctuating trends across provinces, with significant inter-provincial disparities. Fishermen’s income has a significant positive effect on ecological efficiency, while environmental regulations show a significant negative effect. Digitalization level significantly promotes ecological efficiency, whereas fishery disaster losses significantly inhibit it. Technological adoption intention plays a partial mediating role in the pathways through which both fishermen’s income and environmental regulations affect ecological efficiency. Significant regional heterogeneity is observed, with the eastern coastal region exhibiting the strongest effects of various factors and the northern coastal region showing the weakest. Accordingly, this paper proposes differentiated enhancement pathways for ecological efficiency from four dimensions, including technological innovation-driven development, industrial structure optimization, environmental policy regulation, and regional coordinated governance, with the aim of providing theoretical foundations and policy references for the low-carbon transformation and sustainable development of marine fisheries in China’s coastal areas. Full article

Many coastal regions endowed with rich marine biodiversity fail to translate these resources into high-value pharmaceutical products—a “valorization gap” that obstructs progress toward SDG 14 (Life Below Water), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being), and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure). This study investigates the governance barriers underlying this gap using China’s Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine (MTCM) industry as an empirical case. Guided by an integrated analytical framework synthesizing innovation systems theory, Triple Helix dynamics, global value chain analysis, and organizational ambidexterity, the study draws on semi-structured interviews with 16 stakeholders in Dalian and NVivo-based thematic analysis. Four interconnected barriers are identified: value chain lock-in at the food-product level, a fragmented innovation ecosystem with misaligned incentives, a translational “valley of death” caused by absent pilot-scale platforms and quality standardization deficits, and an underdeveloped industrial ecosystem trapped in a low-value equilibrium. Through benchmarking against Qingdao’s marine pharmaceutical model and international marine bio-pharmaceutical policies (Japan, Republic of Korea, EU), this study proposes a “Dual-Wheel Driving” sustainable governance framework that simultaneously pursues “stock upgrading” (standardization, sustainable sourcing, branding) and “increment cultivation” (strategic pharmaceutical R&D with green innovation principles), coordinated through a “one core, multiple nodes” institutional architecture. The findings offer transferable policy insights for similarly positioned coastal regions seeking to develop marine bio-pharmaceutical capabilities within a sustainable blue bioeconomy framework. Full article

Amid rising global economic uncertainty and frequent external shocks, strengthening marine economic resilience has become a core priority for coastal nations to stabilize industrial supply chains and achieve sustainable marine development. China’s traditional resource-driven marine economy faces persistent structural bottlenecks, including homogeneous industrial structure, low value addition and weak risk resistance. As a landmark national policy for sustainable marine economic growth, the Marine Economic Innovation and Development Policy (MEIDP) has been piloted in 15 coastal cities across two batches, yet its causal impact on marine economic resilience remains under systematic evaluation. Using panel data of 51 Chinese coastal cities from 2008 to 2023, this study employs a multi-period difference-in-differences approach with supporting analyses to systematically evaluate the MEIDP’s impact on marine economic resilience, as well as its moderating mechanisms and heterogeneous patterns. The key findings are threefold. First, the MEIDP significantly improves coastal cities’ marine economic resilience, and this positive effect remains stable after multiple robustness tests. Second, public health emergencies exert a significant positive moderating effect, where the industrial support capacity and risk-resilience foundations established through policy implementation function more effectively under shock conditions, thereby amplifying the enhancement of resilience. Third, the policy effect shows prominent heterogeneity, being more pronounced in high-tourism cities and the Northern Marine Economic Circle, while statistically insignificant in low-tourism cities and the Southern Marine Economic Circle. This study enriches the theoretical framework of marine economic policy evaluation and provides empirical evidence from a major developing country for global marine governance, confirming that marine policies that promote innovation are an effective path to strengthen economic risk resistance. In light of these findings, we propose targeted policy recommendations to steadily enhance overall marine economic resilience. Coastal regions should deepen marine policies that promote innovation to bolster industrial upgrading and technological empowerment, adopt differentiated schemes aligned with local industrial foundations and resource endowments, promote marine industrial diversification and chain extension to reduce structural vulnerability, and improve public risk response mechanisms to strengthen the counter-cyclical buffering capacity of the marine economy. Full article

Marine macroplastics (MMP) generation is rising faster than existing management capacity, posing major ecological and governance challenges, particularly in developing coastal regions. This study applied bibliometric, social network, and S-curve analyses to evaluate 4870 publications on MMP pollution indexed in Scopus SCI and SSCI databases from 2001 to 2025 to achieve a systematic research evaluation, thematic focus, and future research direction. The results demonstrate that publication outputs have increased sharply from 20 in 2001 to 905 in 2025, with increasing focus on developing and optimizing recycling methods. Leading countries, including China, the U.S.A., and the U.K., with 577, 395, and 339 publications, respectively, reflect potential research activities and international collaboration. Keyword analysis identified marine pollution (475), macroplastic (frequency = 460), recycling technologies (frequency = 435), plastic recycling (403), and rivers (frequency = 326) as dominant research themes. Rivers remain the primary pathway for transporting macroplastics to marine environments, with the 20 largest rivers contributing the majority of global inputs, while smaller rivers in rapidly industrializing regions are becoming increasingly important. Per capita MMP generation was generally higher in high-income countries, including the U.S.A., Italy, Spain, France (0.5–0.75 kg/person), while lower in China and India (0.4–0.5 kg/person). S-curve analysis shows that physical and chemical recycling technologies, particularly open loop and pyrolysis, have reached a mature stage of development, whereas biological recycling remains an emerging research area with considerable future potential. Scenario analysis further suggests that targeted intervention strategies could reduce single-use plastic from 18.3 to 0.79 MMt by 2060, achieving up to 90% mitigation. Overall, findings demonstrate the urgent need for combined monitoring, technological innovations, and policy action to control marine plastic pollution to protect the marine ecosystem. Full article

Anthropogenic CO₂ emissions have perturbed the global carbon cycle and increased atmospheric carbon concentrations to critical levels, making carbon capture and storage (CCS) a key strategy for mitigating climate warming. Natural carbon sequestration has operated continuously in marine environments throughout Earth history. Here, we investigate the growth mechanisms and carbon-sink significance of calcite concretions in the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation from the Zhaojiashan section and the Zhenzhuquan section in the North China Craton, using petrographic, elemental geochemical and C-O-Re-Os isotopic evidence. The presence of erosional surfaces and local truncation of host-rock laminae suggests that these concretions formed synsedimentarily or during early diagenesis near the sediment-water interface. The δ¹³C values (−5.05‰ to 1.54‰) of samples, together with δ¹⁸O-δ¹³C relationships, indicate a marine carbonate affinity and suggest that dissolved inorganic carbon was the dominant carbon source. In addition, the concretions display initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios as low as 0.136, close to the mantle Os end-member, implying a contribution from mantle-derived material during concretion formation. The middle rare earth element and yttrium (MREYs)-enriched patterns and slight positive Ce anomalies further indicate that concretion growth occurred mainly within the Mn- and Fe-reduction zones. We estimate that the calcite-concretion-bearing interval of the Xiamaling Formation sequestered 70.24 Gt C, equivalent to 257.56 Gt CO₂, serving as an archive of marine carbon burial in the Mesoproterozoic ocean. Microbially mediated carbonate precipitation may represent an effective carbon immobilization mechanism in marine sediments and has potential implications for the development of subseafloor carbon storage strategies, especially where biocatalysts and/or brine could accelerate seawater CO₂ mineral trapping to industrially relevant rates. Full article

Against the coordinated advancement of building a maritime power, high-quality development of marine tourism and ecological civilization construction, realizing positive interaction between marine resource conservation and tourism industrial development has emerged as a pivotal issue for high-quality growth in coastal regions. Taking 11 coastal provincial-level administrative regions in China spanning 2008 to 2024 as the research sample, this paper first establishes an evaluation indicator system covering marine resources and the tourism industry. It further adopts an integrated empirical framework encompassing the coupling coordination degree model, spatial Markov chain model, obstacle degree model, fixed-effect model and geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) model to systematically unpack the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics, internal restrictive obstacle factors and external driving determinants of the two-system coupling coordination. On this basis, a marine resource compensation mechanism for tourist destinations is formulated. Empirical results demonstrate four core findings: (1) In terms of temporal evolution, the overall coupling coordination level keeps rising and goes through three phases: initial development, rapid improvement and post-shock recovery. After a short-term decline triggered by the pandemic, the index rebounds markedly after 2023, showing that the two systems can recover and stabilize. (2) In terms of spatial layout, a persistent stratified spatial pattern featuring “higher coordination in southern coast versus lower coordination in northern coast with three-tier hierarchical differentiation” is identified; high-level neighboring regions exert prominent positive spatial spillover effects, whereas low-level adjacent areas are prone to fall into development lock-in traps. (3) For internal constraint obstacles, the marine resource subsystem is persistently restricted by resource exploitation limits and coastal spatial scarcity, while the dominant bottleneck of the tourism industrial subsystem shifts from insufficient market scale to inadequate human capital supply. (4) Regarding external driving forces, the proportion of tertiary industry and the digital infrastructure constitute core driving contributors, whereas marketization progress and opening-up degree act as primary restrictive factors, with pronounced spatial heterogeneity existing across all driving indicators. Finally, in line with the quasi-public-good attribute and ecological externality of marine resources, this study constructs a differentiated and synergistic marine resource compensation mechanism from three dimensions: stakeholder identification, compensation implementation pathways and institutional guarantee systems. The proposed framework provides theoretical references and practical policy options to facilitate high-level coupling and coordinated development between marine resource preservation and the coastal tourism industry. The marginal contribution of this research lies in integrating coupling coordination measurement, obstacle factor diagnosis, driving mechanism identification and compensation mechanism design into an integrated analytical framework, which delivers theoretical foundations and operable policy solutions for coastal marine resource protection, tourism industrial upgrading and differentiated compensation system construction. Full article

This study examined the chemical composition and quantitative source contributions of coarse (PM_10–2.5) and fine (PM_2.5) particles in ship-based PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 filter samples from 2020 to 2024 across the Yellow Sea. The observations were primarily conducted during the spring season, when the influence of continental air masses from East Asia is pronounced, and detailed analyses of water-soluble ions and elemental species were performed. In coarse particles, sea salt components (e.g., Na⁺ and Cl⁻) and soil-derived species (e.g., nss-Ca²⁺ and CO₃²⁻) were predominant, whereas fine particles were dominated by secondary inorganic species such as nss-SO₄²⁻, NO₃₋, and NH₄⁺. Source contributions were estimated using Dispersion Normalized Positive Matrix Factorization (DN-PMF), and eight common factors were identified, including sea salt, soil, secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, oil combustion, biomass burning, marine biogenic emissions, and plant growth. Additionally, an industry factor was uniquely resolved in coarse particles, whereas a mobile source factor was identified in fine particles. In coarse particles, sea salt (30.9%) and soil (15.1%) were the major contributing sources, whereas fine particles were dominated by secondary nitrate (48.6%) and secondary sulfate (15.6%). Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis indicated that the sea salt and oil combustion factors in coarse particles were associated with coastal regions of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, while the soil factor corresponded spatially with inland regions of northern China. In contrast, the secondary nitrate, secondary sulfate, and biomass burning factors in fine particles showed strong associations with inland regions of eastern China. Using size-resolved DN-PMF and five years of repeated observations over the same marine region, this study provides the first quantitative source apportionment analysis of interannual atmospheric composition variability and long-range transport affecting air quality over the Yellow Sea. Full article

As the core driving force behind the new wave of technological revolution and industrial transformation, digital–green synergy (DGS) has become a crucial pathway of low-carbon development in the tourism industry. On the basis of panel data from 54 coastal cities in China from 2011 to 2023, this study employs baseline regression models, moderation effect models, threshold effect models, and spatial spillover effect models to empirically examine the impact mechanisms of DGS on tourism carbon emission efficiency (TCEE), and its spatial spillover effects. The results indicate that (1) DGS can effectively enhance TCEE. (2) Environmental regulation (ER) and tourism industry agglomeration (TIA) play positive moderating roles in the relationship between DGS and TCEE. (3) The effect of DGS on TCEE exhibits nonlinearity, with a double-threshold characteristic, which leads to leap-like changes. (4) DGS has spatial spillover effects on TCEE, facilitating coordinated emission reductions across regions. (5) The results of the heterogeneity analysis indicate that the promoting effect of DGS on TCEE is more pronounced in the southern marine economic circles and economically advanced regions. The present study offers theoretical evidence and policy insights for promoting the deep integration of digitalization and greening development and for achieving high-quality development of the tourism industry in Chinese coastal regions. Full article

Enhancing mariculture’s green total factor productivity (GTFP) is essential to balance industrial growth with ecology, safeguard global food security, and meet UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 amid mounting marine stress. As a global leading mariculture producer, China provides a typical research sample. This study constructs a mariculture GTFP measurement index system, estimates GTFP in China’s coastal provinces via the global Super-SBM model, identifies root causes of efficiency loss, and explores influencing factors and spatial spillover effects using a spatial econometric model. The results show that the overall mariculture GTFP of China’s coastal provinces exhibits a fluctuating upward trend with significant regional heterogeneity, specifically presenting a distribution pattern of “the highest in the South China Sea Region, followed by the East China Sea Region, and the lowest in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea Region”. Meanwhile, mariculture GTFP shows significant positive spatial autocorrelation, with distinct High-High and Low-Low agglomeration characteristics. Excessive resource consumption and undesirable output discharge are the core drivers of efficiency loss. For direct effects, industrial scale, industrial structure, fishermen’s income, transportation accessibility, internet development, technology adoption, and environmental regulation significantly boost local GTFP, while fishery disasters exert a significant negative impact. For spatial spillovers, industrial scale, industrial structure, and internet development show significant positive effects, while fishermen’s income and urbanization present negative effects. Based on these findings, this study proposes targeted multi-stakeholder optimization paths, providing decision support for China’s mariculture green development and replicable experience for global coastal countries. Full article

Marine ecological assets (MEAs) comprise habitats, living resources, and ecosystem services and are globally fundamental to biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, and sustainable development. However, the establishment of systematic frameworks for MEA definition, classification, and valuation faces considerable conceptual and methodological challenges, particularly in rapidly industrializing nations with urgent marine conservation priorities. We reviewed the theoretical evolution, methodological development, and practical implementation of MEA accounting in China and propose an integrated framework that bridges conceptual gaps and supports evidence-based policy for sustainable marine governance. Our comprehensive analysis covers domestic and international literature, policy documents, technical standards, and case studies. We developed a definition that incorporates ownership attributes and dynamic management elements, and constructed a three-in-one classification system that integrates resource characteristics, ecological functions, and governance needs from existing international frameworks adapted to the governance context in China. We identified seven multidimensional MEA attributes and systematically evaluated mainstream valuation methods (market-based, alternative market, and hypothetical market approaches) across different marine ecosystem types (e.g., estuaries, coral reefs, mangrove forests). The review provides a coherent theoretical foundation for advancing MEA accounting in China and offers practical pathways for integrating accounting outcomes into policy mechanisms such as ecological compensation, blue carbon trading, and marine spatial planning. Our framework contributes to the operationalization of the philosophy that “lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets” in marine governance and may provide preliminary insights for other nations developing MEA capital accounts to achieve sustainable development goals, although cross-national comparative validation is necessary to assess applicability beyond the Chinese context. Full article

Marine macroalgae are widely distributed renewable resources that offer substantial economic and environmental benefits. This review comprehensively examines seaweeds from the phyla Chlorophyta, Heterokontophyta, and Rhodophyta, highlighting key advances and persistent challenges. Global seaweed production is highly concentrated: Asia accounts for 97% of the total, with China as the dominant producer. These seaweeds synthesize a diverse array of bioactive compounds, including sulfated polysaccharides, phlorotannins, terpenoids, proteins, peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pigments. Notably, brown algae represent the richest source of both phlorotannins and polyunsaturated fatty acids. To recover these valuable compounds efficiently, a range of advanced green extraction techniques have been developed, such as enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, and supercritical fluid extraction, along with natural deep eutectic solvents. These methods consistently outperform conventional approaches in terms of yield, extraction time, and environmental sustainability. The isolated compounds exhibit a broad spectrum of validated pharmacological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, antitumor, and antiviral effects. Consequently, they have found diverse applications in functional foods, biomedicine, cosmetics, agriculture, aquaculture, and environmental protection. Despite this promise, critical challenges remain in elucidating structure–activity relationships, developing scalable and sustainable extraction protocols, and advancing clinical translation. Future research should prioritize the discovery of novel marine bioactives, the enzymatic production of oligosaccharides, efficient purification of algal proteins and peptides, and the scaling-up of industrial processes to fully realize the pharmaceutical and biotechnological potential of marine macroalgae. Full article

Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) is a globally important species in both capture fisheries and aquaculture. With the development of the turbot farming industry in China and several European countries, enhancing its aquaculture eco-economic performance has become a key concern among stakeholders. Turbot is a major species in marine fish aquaculture in China. As the world’s leading producer of farmed turbot, the bioeconomic dynamics of this species under recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) remain poorly understood, which hinders optimal resource allocation, green development, and industrial upgrading of the turbot farming sector. In this study, a bioeconomic model for turbot cultured in industrial RASs was developed based on empirical production data and published literature. The optimal harvesting strategies under the industrial RAS production mode were analyzed. The results indicated the following: (1) for a two-year grow-out cycle commencing with stocking at the beginning of the year, at a farm-gate price of 7.56 USD/kg, the maximum cumulative profit of 41,846.08 USD occurred at t = 22.69 months, while the maximum monthly average profit of 1937.65 USD/month occurred at t = 20.49 months. The optimal harvesting time for single-batch culture was t = 22.69 months, whereas for continuous culture, it was t = 20.49 months. (2) Extended analysis incorporating fish price variation revealed that higher market prices corresponded to later optimal harvesting times. (3) February to April was identified as the optimal stocking window. Based on the bioeconomic dynamics elucidated herein, this study provides a theoretical foundation for related research and proposes producer-oriented strategy recommendations for reference by relevant stakeholders. Full article

Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically important species in China’s marine fishery industry. However, due to long-term intensive fishing, its wild population has declined sharply. Artificial stock enhancement has become a core measure for restoring its resources. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different immersion durations and concentrations of SrCl₂ solution (10, 20, 40, 80 mg/L) on strontium (Sr) deposition in the otoliths of P. olivaceus, and to systematically evaluate the impacts of Sr marking on the fish’s antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activity. The results showed that the otolith Sr/Ca ratio was positively correlated with marking concentration and duration; the optimal parameters were 40 mg/L for 4 days, with the Sr/Ca ratio returning to baseline after 30 days post-marking, and a 100% marking success rate. There were no significant differences in body length, body weight, or condition factor between the experimental groups and the control group (p > 0.05), but mortality was significantly increased in the 80 mg/L group. Digestive enzymes exhibited a dose-dependent response to Sr exposure, characterized by activation at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations; lipase was the most sensitive, with an inhibition threshold of 10 mg/L. Sr marking within the range of 20–40 mg/L for 4–8 days significantly activated the activity of T-AOC, CAT, GPx, and SOD (p < 0.05) and reduced MDA content, indicating that the antioxidant system was activated without causing persistent oxidative damage. In conclusion, Sr marking is a safe and efficient method for otolith marking in Paralichthys olivaceus. The recommended protocol is immersion in a 40 mg/L SrCl₂ solution for 4 days, followed by a 30-day recovery period in clean seawater before being used for stock enhancement evaluation. This study provides a scientific basis and technical support for assessing the effectiveness of stock enhancement in P. olivaceus. Full article