Search Results (2,621)

Since pioneering fluid-flow models for the Iberian and French Variscan belt, advances in geochronology, thermochronology, and geodynamic modeling have improved our understanding of late Variscan crustal evolution. New datasets suggest tungsten and gold mineralization do not represent distinct metallogenic events, but successive expressions of a long-lived hydrothermal evolution linked to crustal melting, granite emplacement, exhumation, and thermal collapse. Fluid drainage along shear zones drove silicification and arsenic precipitation, building an efficient trap for later gold deposition. As the hot, rapidly exhumed crust evolved, it progressively became a gold-bearing hydrothermal system, its architecture developing from the mountain-range scale down to microfractures. The resulting metallogenic model is therefore hierarchical rather than episodic, built through progressive construction of efficient traps. Quartz first forms the mechanical trap, massive deposition creating competent bodies prone to repeated brittle reactivation. Arsenopyrite is then deposited along the same zones, within shear environments reactivated during exhumation, establishing the principal chemical trap for gold enrichment with a polymetallic signature (Ag, Sb, Pb, Cu, Zn, Bi, Te). This late stage results from repeated microfracturing, promoting remobilization and native gold enrichment. The economically significant gold stage thus culminates this hydrothermal evolution, reflecting the progressive self-organization of the system during orogenic collapse. Full article

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a rapidly spreading viral disease of cattle that threatens livestock productivity and agricultural trade across Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Despite effective vaccines being available, evidence-based guidance on allocating limited veterinary budgets across competing interventions remains lacking, and no LSD study has yet combined dynamic transmission modelling with a hard budget constraint and formal cost-effectiveness analysis. We develop a deterministic $S_h{V}_h{E}_h{I}_h{R}_h$–$S_v{I}_v$ (SVEIRSI) compartmental model for LSD, embedded within a budget-constrained optimal control framework with three time-dependent controls—vaccination ($u_1$), vector control ($u_2$), and movement restriction ($u_3$)—evaluated across all eight strategy combinations. The basic reproduction number is ${\mathcal{R}}_0=2.7899$. Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle characterises the optimality conditions. The resulting two-point boundary value problem is solved via forward–backward sweep with budget bisection over a 180-day horizon at three budget levels (${\mathcal{W}}_L=\mathrm{NAD}5000$, ${\mathcal{W}}_M=\mathrm{NAD}\mathrm{15,000}$, ${\mathcal{W}}_H=\mathrm{NAD}\mathrm{40,000}$). Vaccination dominates the optimal allocation at every budget, reducing peak infectious prevalence by 54–57% and averting 15,645–17,970 animal-days of cumulative burden relative to the uncontrolled baseline (${\mathcal{I}}_0=\mathrm{97,313}$ animal-days). Shadow-price analysis reveals that the budget constraint is non-binding across all three policy budget levels (actual optimal spend ≈ NAD 572), indicating that logistical (rather than financial) barriers are the true bottleneck, with the shadow price dropping to zero at $\mathcal{W}\approx \mathrm{NAD}1862$. Incremental cost-effectiveness analysis places vaccination alone ($S_1$), vaccination plus vector control ($S_{12}$), and the combined strategy ($S_{123}$) on the efficiency frontier, with ICERs of NAD 0.012, 0.015, and 0.166 per animal-day averted, respectively. One-way sensitivity analysis identifies vaccine efficacy $\epsilon$ as the dominant driver of cases averted (swing $\approx \mathrm{85,601}$ animal-days), while global sensitivity analysis via Latin Hypercube Sampling identifies the midge biting rate a as the strongest driver of cumulative infectious burden ($\mathrm{PRCC}=0.926$, $p<0.001$). These results provide actionable, quantitative guidance for LSD outbreak response in Namibia and comparable resource-limited settings. Full article

Neurotoxic envenomation by rattlesnakes has been of great concern throughout the Americas and in Arizona. In addition to clinical weakness, patients sometimes display myokymia, a disordered fasciculation of skeletal muscle, which is mediated by Mojave toxin. As neurotoxic venoms have been associated with increased release of creatine kinase (CK) activity and concordant increases in length of stay (LOS) in the hospital, it was retrospectively determined if point-of-care ultrasound detected myokymia at the bite site was associated with increased CK activity, LOS, and healthcare cost compared to rattlesnake envenomations not associated with myokymia. The Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center patient database was queried for patients with point-of-care ultrasound exam results at or near the bite site from 2017 to 2021. Using point-of-care ultrasound to detect subclinical myokymia, thirty-seven patients that met inclusion criteria were determined to have myokymia (n = 16) and/or not display it (n = 21). Patients with myokymia had twice the CK activities, double the LOS, and two-fold the healthcare costs of patients without myokymia detected. These findings serve as a rationale for future investigations to link ultrasound detected myokymia with patient outcomes. Full article

Background: The aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate three-dimensional facial soft tissue changes following treatment with the Sander Bite Jumping Appliance (BJA) in growing patients with skeletal class II malocclusion. Methods: Seventeen consecutive growing patients (14 males and 3 females; mean age of 11.7 ± 1.1 years) with skeletal class II malocclusion due to mandibular retrusion were treated with the Sander BJA. Three-dimensional facial scans were acquired before treatment (T0) and after completion of active treatment (T1) using a 3dMD stereophotogrammetric system. Twelve angular soft tissue variables were measured after image superimposition using stable facial reference regions. Changes between T0 and T1 were analysed using paired Student’s t-tests (p < 0.05). Results: The facial convexity angle increased significantly from 155.49 ± 4.12° at T0 to 157.21 ± 3.84° at T1, corresponding to a mean change of 1.72° (95% CI: 0.06–3.39; p = 0.044) and a moderate effect size (Cohen’s dz = 0.53). Among the secondary outcomes, significant changes were observed for the SS-N-SL angle (mean change: −1.29°; p = 0.002; dz = −0.89), upper lip position (−1.09°; p = 0.006; dz = −0.77), LS-N-LI angle (−0.69°; p = 0.042; dz = −0.54), and submental angle (+13.86°; p < 0.001; dz = 1.10). No significant changes were observed for the remaining angular measurements. Conclusions: Treatment with the Sander BJA was associated with measurable three-dimensional soft tissue changes predominantly involving the lower facial region. The observed modifications included mainly profile straightening and changes in lip position. Because of the absence of an untreated control group, these findings should be interpreted as treatment-associated soft tissue changes in growing patients. Full article

PGM (platinum-group mineral) melt inclusions set in two Pt-Fe alloy nuggets are from the Camumbi River placer, Ecuador. Inclusion bulk compositions are strongly fractionated, mutually exsolved melts Pt–Rh–Pd–Cu > Fe–Ni sulfide-rich and Pt–Cu–Rh ≈ Pd > Fe–Ni telluride-rich respectively, with metal/ligand ratios ~1. They are related to a higher T melt inclusion bulk composition Fe–Cu–Pt >>> Pd > Rh–S also a monosulfide. We use increasing Me/S,Te mineral ratios of inclusion PGM to define each inclusion PGM paragenesis. In the S-rich inclusion, skeletal cuprorhodsite crystallized first with co-exsolved Pt-Fe alloy upon cooling. Next crystallized are braggite, vysotskite, Pt-Fe alloy and oosterboschite. Last crystallized minerals are phase (Pd,Pt)₃(S,Se,Te)₂ and keithconnite (similar synthetic phases are stable at ~350 °C). Within the Te-rich S-bearing inclusion, cooperite first crystallized at high T (~1100 °C) from a subordinate, exsolved S-rich melt. The co-exsolved Te-rich melt next crystallized rare interstitial PGM Rh-bearing mitrofanovite, Rh-bearing moncheite, Rh-bearing monchetundraite, hongshiite, and six minor PGM. Experimental mitrofanovite and moncheite are stable at high T while monchetundraite is stable ~350 °C. We suggest that Rh-bearing mitrofanovite and Rh-bearing monchetundraite could form separate solid solution series with variable Pt–Rh and Ni–Rh respectively. Rh-bearing moncheite indicates a solid solution series with end-member UM (unnamed mineral) Rh(Te,Bi)₂ reported from Ethiopia. Six minor PGMs with extreme compositions are identified by phase mapping using pixel counts combined with BSE (backscattered electron) images. They are stable at lower T hydrothermal conditions and compare with pyrrhotite and pentlandite breakdown products of high T experimental MSS (monosufide solid solution). We suggest the inclusions represent decompression melts formed in the apices of ascending unknown Alaskan–Uralian-type intrusion(s)/volcanics within the Cretaceous Naranjal accreted arc terrane. The melt inclusions are late-formed in the long-fractionating history of this previously defined ore system, and lack detectable As, Sb and Bi suggesting exsolution of higher temperature melts. Full article

Large ungulates significantly influence forest ecosystems through shoot biting and bark stripping, but their impact on the dynamics of invasive plant species still remains insufficiently investigated. The North American black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) is a widespread invasive species in European forests, known for its strong defensive capabilities against herbivores. Despite this, recent observations indicate that deer occasionally utilize its bark and phloem as a food source. This study aimed to determine the extent of deer bark stripping on P. serotina across different age/size classes and evaluate the associated nutrient content in plant tissues. Conducted in two Polish forest districts varying in P. serotina stand and deer pressure structure, we inventoried bark wounds on mature and mid-aged trees. Furthermore, we analyzed nitrogen, glucose, total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC), and the C:N ratio in both healthy and damaged trees. Our findings reveal that mature trees were damaged more often than mid-aged individuals, with wounds positioned higher on the trunks. Interestingly, the dimensions of individual wounds did not significantly differ between age classes. Chemical analysis showed that undamaged mid-aged trees naturally possess higher TNC and glucose contents than mature trees. Given the occurrence of bark stripping, one would expect higher browsing pressure; however, this is not the case. Following bark stripping, only mature trees exhibited a significant chemical response: damaged trees showed increased relative nitrogen content (decreased C:N ratio) and a marked reduction in glucose and TNC. These results suggest the rapid reaction in mature individuals, leading to reduction in local palatability, which likely explains the observed lack of repeated feeding on previously stripped trees. Ultimately, while deer herbivory alone may not directly limit the expansion of P. serotina, the resulting physical wounds provide critical entry points for pathogenic microorganisms, highlighting a novel trophic interaction with significant implications for the biological control of this invasive species. Full article

Background/Objectives: Advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) carries a poor prognosis, with median overall survival of 13–20 months despite standard chemotherapy. Since trastuzumab’s approval, biomarker-driven precision therapies have expanded rapidly. This review comprehensively summarises current and emerging targeted agents across the key molecular targets driving advanced GEA. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, searching English-language human studies published between February and July 2026, supplemented by updates during editing to reflect current standards. Results: HER2-directed therapy has progressed from trastuzumab through dual blockade, immunotherapy combinations, next-generation ADCs (notably trastuzumab deruxtecan) and bispecific antibodies such as zanidatamab, which has now overtaken trastuzumab in the first-line setting. CLDN18.2-targeted zolbetuximab has demonstrated survival benefit in biomarker-selected patients, with newer ADCs, BiTEs and the first approved solid-tumour CAR-T therapy (satricabtagene autoleucel) extending this target further. VEGFR2 inhibition with ramucirumab remains a cornerstone in later lines, while novel VEGF/PD-1(L1) bispecifics are under investigation. FGFR2b-targeted bemarituzumab showed early promise that weakened on phase 3 confirmation, and MET/EGFR-directed agents, including savolitinib and amivantamab, require stringent biomarker selection to demonstrate benefit amid tumour heterogeneity. Conclusions: Novel targeted agents, particularly to HER2 and CLDN18.2, have demonstrated survival benefit despite ongoing challenges. Other lines are more investigational. Full article

Background: Caffeine is a widely consumed psychostimulant that may affect anxiety-like, aggression-like, and social behaviors, potentially in association with oxidative imbalance. Objectives: This study evaluated the behavioral and biochemical effects of acute caffeine exposure in adult zebrafish and investigated the potential protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Methods: Sixty adult wild-type AB zebrafish (Danio rerio), approximately 9–10 months old, were assigned to six groups (n = 10/group): control, caffeine (25 or 60 mg/L), NAC (1 mg/L), and NAC combined with either caffeine concentration. Behavioral effects were assessed using the Social Preference Test, Mirror-Biting Test, and Novel Tank Test. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were measured as oxidative stress-related markers. Results: Caffeine increased locomotor activity and induced anxiety-like and aggression-like behavioral alterations, including increased bottom-dwelling, thigmotaxis, and mirror-directed behavior, while reducing social preference. Caffeine significantly increased SOD activity at 25 mg/L (p = 0.010) and 60 mg/L (p = 0.008), and GPx activity at 25 mg/L (p = 0.008) and 60 mg/L (p = 0.006), compared with controls. NAC attenuated caffeine-induced hyperlocomotion and several anxiety-like and aggression-like alterations and modulated antioxidant enzyme responses, but did not fully restore social preference. Conclusions: Acute caffeine exposure produces behavioral alterations and changes in antioxidant enzyme activity in adult zebrafish. NAC partially attenuates these effects, particularly hyperlocomotion, anxiety-like behavior, and aggression-like responses, while showing more limited effects on caffeine-induced social alterations. Full article

Background/Objectives: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in childhood and may involve the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), sometimes with limited clinical manifestations. This report combines a narrative review of TMJ involvement in JIA with a 15-year follow-up of a patient with JIA-associated TMJ disease. The objectives were to summarize current evidence regarding the clinical assessment and management of TMJ involvement in JIA and to describe the relationship between long-term clinical and structural findings in an individual patient. Case Report: A 12-year-old girl with newly diagnosed oligoarticular JIA was referred by the pediatric rheumatologist to the Clinic of Orofacial Pain Management, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. At referral, TMJ involvement was identified despite systemic antirheumatic treatment. The patient presented with orofacial pain, restricted mouth opening, mandibular deviation, multiple painful orofacial sites, maximum interincisal opening of 26 mm, reduced mandibular excursions, marked masticatory muscle tenderness, and an anterior open bite. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated bilateral active TMJ synovitis, early condylar erosions, and anterior disc displacement, with reduction on the right and without reduction on the left. Management comprised systemic antirheumatic therapy together with a structured physiotherapy program and a maxillary stabilization splint. Results: At one-year follow-up, maximum mouth opening had increased to 50 mm, with substantial improvement in mandibular function and symptoms. Fifteen years after the initial TMJ assessment, the patient remained pain-free with satisfactory mandibular function and a maximum mouth opening of 46 mm. Panoramic radiography at long-term follow-up demonstrated bilateral condylar abnormalities, including flattening, osteophyte formation, and intraosseous cystic changes. Because the initial and long-term assessments were performed using different imaging modalities, these findings cannot be directly compared to establish longitudinal structural progression. Conclusions: This case illustrates dissociation between favorable long-term clinical and functional status and substantial structural abnormalities identified at follow-up in a patient with JIA-associated TMJ involvement. It also highlights the limitations of relying on clinical symptoms and function alone to characterize TMJ structural status. The literature supports multidisciplinary management and individualized clinical and imaging assessment of TMJ involvement in JIA; however, prospective studies with standardized serial imaging are needed to better define the relationship between clinical outcomes and structural changes over time. Full article

Discrete-Variable Quantum Key Distribution (DV-QKD) provides a mechanism for establishing secret keys between legitimate parties using quantum-state transmission and authenticated classical post-processing. In this work, the underlying quantum layer follows a biased-basis decoy-state BB84 model using phase-randomized weak coherent pulses, while additional implementation-level mechanisms are integrated to support Cyber-Physical System (CPS) communication. Exponential Double Delta Encoding-based Merkle Tree (EDDE-MT) is employed as a receiver-side detection-record integrity mechanism for detecting deletion, insertion, reordering, or modification of records relative to an authenticated committed detection-event batch. It does not establish the completeness of the original TCSPC acquisition, detect records omitted before commitment, detect physical photon loss, or increase the information-theoretic secrecy of the QKD key. Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) is used for detection-event and timing acquisition, while 2’s Complement Cyclic Redundancy Check-based Low-Density Parity Check (2CCRC-LDPC) supports error reconciliation. Following privacy amplification, the legitimate parties retain matching copies of the distilled QKD key locally. Discrete Variable Quantum Mellin Transform Cryptography (DVQMTC) uses fresh, non-reused segments of this privacy-amplified key for application-layer payload protection; the Mellin-transform component is treated only as implementation-level preprocessing and not as a cryptographic key-generation mechanism. Side-channel monitoring is performed using Gini Cramer’s V Correlation-Stationary Wavelet Transform (GCVC-SWT), Helical Valley-Principal Component Analysis (HV-PCA), and an Entmax-based hyperbolic Tangent exponential Linear Unit-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM) classifier. On the AES-HD benchmark, E-TeLU-Bi-LSTM achieved 99.24% classification accuracy; this value represents benchmark-level classification performance and is not interpreted as experimental validation of physical side-channel protection in a deployed DV-QKD system. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and the Halton Quasi-Sequence-Invasive Weed Optimization Algorithm (HQS-IWOA) are further incorporated as classical network-resource segmentation and load-management mechanisms and do not modify the composable QKD security bound. The contribution of the work is therefore positioned as a system-level engineering integration of QKD key establishment, detection-record integrity, reconciliation, application-layer data protection, side-channel monitoring, and network-resource management for CPS. The information-theoretic secrecy claim remains restricted to the underlying finite-key decoy-state BB84 procedure under the stated security assumptions; no new QKD security theorem, formally new cryptographic primitive, or experimentally validated physical quantum communication capability is claimed. Full article

Background/Objectives: Occlusal analysis plays a key role in restorative and prosthodontic treatment, influencing diagnosis, treatment planning, and long-term outcomes. This narrative review provides an overview of conventional and digital methods for occlusal analysis and their clinical applications. Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant publications on conventional and digital occlusal analysis. The retrieved literature was reviewed and synthesized narratively. Results: Conventional methods, including articulating paper, shimstock foil, films, sprays, and waxes, remain widely used because of their simplicity and accessibility but are limited by subjective interpretation and the inability to quantify occlusal forces. Digital technologies, including T-Scan, OccluSense, Accura, intraoral scanners, virtual articulators, and jaw-tracking systems, provide objective information on occlusal contacts, force distribution, timing, and mandibular movements. However, their use may be limited by cost, technical requirements, and operator training. Conclusions: Conventional methods remain valuable in daily clinical practice, while digital technologies provide objective data that can enhance occlusal assessment and treatment planning. As digital workflows continue to evolve, structured training and standardized clinical protocols will be important for their successful integration into clinical practice. Full article

Ticks are among the most important arthropod vectors affecting human and animal health worldwide. We present a set of globally harmonized indicators integrating hazard, exposure, and vulnerability associated with human-biting ticks and with two major tick-borne pathogens, Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Lyme borreliosis), and Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae (Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever virus, CCHFV). Hazard indices were derived from the distributions of confirmed vector tick species. Exposure was incorporated through rural human population density, livestock density, and the abundance of competent vertebrate reservoirs and/or amplification hosts, as applicable. Vulnerability was assessed using country-level indicators related to healthcare accessibility, socioeconomic development, and demographic dependency. The indices show spatially structured global patterns. Tick hazard is concentrated in eastern North America, Europe, Central and East Asia; Africa displays fragmented but substantial hotspots. The B. burgdorferi s.l. index is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, following the distribution of Ixodes spp. and associated reservoir communities, with highest exposure in Europe and North America. The CCHFV index is confined to the Old World, extending from the Mediterranean region through the Middle East and Central Asia into Sub-Saharan Africa, reflecting the distribution of Hyalomma ticks and ungulates. The vulnerability indicators highlight regional patterns of high exposure and limited adaptive capacity, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa and parts of the Middle East. Our framework provides the first global set of harmonized, high-resolution indices integrating vector ecology, reservoir communities, exposure, and vulnerability for major tick-borne diseases of humans. It offers a flexible platform for comparative epidemiology, surveillance prioritization, and public health decision-making at multiple administrative scales. Full article

Randia monantha, commonly known as crucetillo, is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Mexico to treat conditions such as diabetes, venomous animal bites, and cancer; however, its effects on cancer cell viability remain underexplored. In this study, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extracts from the leaves and fruits of Randia monantha were phytochemically characterized and evaluated for their effects on cell viability in HeLa cervical cancer and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Phytochemical analyses revealed differences in metabolite composition across solvents of varying polarity and plant tissues. Methanolic leaf extracts contained higher levels of terpenoids and polyphenols and produced the greatest reduction in HeLa cell viability, with an estimated IC₅₀ of 4.87 µg/mL after 48 h of treatment. In contrast, DU-145 cells exhibited a different response pattern depending on the extract evaluated. Correlation analysis suggested that flavonoids were associated with reduced HeLa cell viability. Overall, leaf extracts produced greater reductions in cancer cell viability than fruit extracts, highlighting leaves as a promising but comparatively underexplored source of bioactive compounds in Randia monantha. Full article

The composition of honey is complex and can vary depending on its botanical and geographical origin. This study evaluated the phenolic acid profile (PAP), antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial properties of honey samples from different geographical origins, such as Romania (nine types: multiflower, thyme, manna, hawthorn, black locust, linden, rapeseed, mint, and pasture), Malaysia (Tualang), New Zealand (Manuka), and Spain (chestnut). Twelve different varieties of honey were analyzed, one sample for each type, and all analyses were performed in triplicate. Phenolic acids were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using C18 cartridges, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) analysis at 310 nm. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by agar diffusion and broth microdilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), while microbial anti-adherence activity was assessed using the crystal violet staining assay to determine the minimum anti-adherence inhibitory concentration (MAIC). The tested microorganisms included the reference strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231, as well as two C. albicans isolates (24114 and 5329). Several phenolic acids, including chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, trans-cinnamic, 3-O-methylgallic, p-coumaric, and syringic acids, were identified at varying concentrations across the analyzed honey samples. Rapeseed honey exhibited the highest overall concentration of phenolic acids. Among the honey samples analyzed, chestnut honey had the highest concentration of cinnamic acid, mint honey the highest concentration of ferulic acid, and multiflower honey the highest concentration of syringic acid. Tualang honey exhibited the highest antioxidant activity by both methods, reaching 2.103 mg TE/g honey for DPPH and 1.701 mg TE/g honey for ABTS. Tualang honey also exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, whereas multifloral honey was the most active against E. faecalis. The analyzed honey extracts differed in their phenolic acid composition and biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-adherence effects of microorganisms on substrates. While associations were observed between selected phenolic acids and some of the evaluated biological activities, the overall biological properties of honey are more likely to arise from the combined contribution of multiple bioactive constituents than from individual compounds alone. The novelty of this study lies in the comparative assessment of the PAP obtained following SPE, and the biological activities of different types of honey from various botanical and geographical sources. Full article

A 4-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was referred with history of 8 months of chronic, non-healing draining wounds on the left lateral thigh and left inguinal region. The initial lesions arose from a cat bite wound on the thigh and a concurrent inguinal subcutaneous mass, both of which had failed to respond to empirical antimicrobial therapy. Prior to referral, cytology of the inguinal mass suggested a spindle cell tumor; however, histopathology following surgical excision revealed severe necrotizing pyogranulomatous mastitis and dermatitis, with no evidence of neoplasia. At the initial referral visit, bacterial cultures from both lesions yielded Mycobacterium farcinogenes, identified via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The cat was treated with pradofloxacin, topical amikacin gel, and azithromycin despite in vitro resistance, resulting in complete clinical remission after 24 weeks without adverse effects. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of feline cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by M. farcinogenes in Asia. This case expands the limited veterinary literature on M. farcinogenes infection, highlights the diagnostic challenges of atypical mycobacterial infections, emphasizes the critical role of species-level identification, and demonstrates the efficacy of prolonged, multidrug therapy in managing chronic non-healing wounds in cats. Full article