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Search Results (125)

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Keywords = Aloe vera extract

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19 pages, 2402 KiB  
Article
Wound Healing Effects of New Cream Formulations with Herbal Ingredients
by Derya Algül, Ertuğrul Kılıç, Ferda Özkan and Yasemin Yağan Uzuner
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(7), 941; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17070941 - 21 Jul 2025
Viewed by 455
Abstract
Aim: To prepare two different kinds of wound care creams containing plant extracts and examine their effectiveness in comparison with a placebo cream and a commercial wound care cream, Madecassol®. Methods: The two cream formulations were developed using the [...] Read more.
Aim: To prepare two different kinds of wound care creams containing plant extracts and examine their effectiveness in comparison with a placebo cream and a commercial wound care cream, Madecassol®. Methods: The two cream formulations were developed using the same placebo cream (PC) as base cream. One formulation contained balsam of oriental sweet gum, or Levant storax, named as Levant Storax Cream (LSC); the other contained oil of Calendula, extract of St. John’s Wort, aescin (an extract of horse chestnut), and freeze-dried powder from Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. leaf juice, designated as Complex Cream (CC). In the characterization of the creams, organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, size distribution, and zeta potential of oil globules were measured. Furthermore, the stability of the creams was assessed under different environmental conditions. In vitro studies were performed by using an excisional wound model in rats to assess the potential of the creams for stimulating wound healing. The efficacy of LSC and CC was compared with a commercial reference cream, Madecassol® (M), and the placebo control. The study was also designed with a negative control group of rats that were not treated but handled the same way as the other treatment groups. The wound contraction rate, total skin thickness recovery, and results of histopathological parameter examinations were used to compare the effectiveness of the treatments. Results: The stability of formulated creams confirmed that they were stable for the duration of the study. In vivo studies showed that rats treated with LSC achieved the highest wound healing rates when compared with the other groups. A better response was recorded for the CC-treated population when compared to both control and placebo groups, but there was no significant difference seen in healing score between CC and M groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Pharmacy and Formulation)
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14 pages, 3390 KiB  
Article
The Potential of Aloe vera and Opuntia ficus-indica Extracts as Biobased Agents for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage Metals
by Çağdaş Özdemir, Lucia Emanuele, Marta Kotlar, Marina Brailo Šćepanović, Laura Scrano and Sabino Aurelio Bufo
Metabolites 2025, 15(6), 386; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo15060386 - 10 Jun 2025
Viewed by 546
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Biocorrosion, driven by microbial colonization and biofilm formation, poses a significant threat to the integrity of metal artifacts, particularly those composed of copper and its alloys. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterial species that reduces nitrates, plays a key role in this process. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Biocorrosion, driven by microbial colonization and biofilm formation, poses a significant threat to the integrity of metal artifacts, particularly those composed of copper and its alloys. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterial species that reduces nitrates, plays a key role in this process. This study explores the potential of two metabolite-rich plant extracts, Aloe vera and Opuntia ficus-indica, as sustainable biobased inhibitors of microbial-induced corrosion (MICOR). Methods: The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the extracts were evaluated using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, time-kill kinetics, and biofilm prevention and removal tests on copper, bronze, and brass samples. Spectrophotometric and microbiological methods were used to quantify bacterial growth and biofilm density. Results: Both extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with MIC values of 8.3% (v/v). A. vera demonstrated superior bactericidal effects, achieving reductions of ≥3 log10 in bacterial counts at lower concentrations. In antibiofilm assays, both extracts effectively prevented biofilm formation and reduced established biofilms, with A. vera exhibiting greater efficacy against them. The active metabolites—anthraquinones, phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins—likely contribute to these effects. Conclusions: These findings highlight the dual role of A. vera and O. ficus-indica extracts as both corrosion and biocorrosion inhibitors. The secondary metabolite profiles of these plants support their application as eco-friendly alternatives in the conservation of metal cultural heritage objects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Metabolites from Plants)
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22 pages, 521 KiB  
Article
Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Seeds and Sprouts Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek): Enhanced Antioxidant and Anti-Hyperglycemic Activities
by Geovanni Silva Comilo, Karen Keli Barbosa Abrantes, Karina Miyuki Retamiro, Oscar de Oliveira Santos Junior, Wardleison Martins Moreira, Willyan Machado Giufrida, Celso Vataru Nakamura, Carlos Eduardo Barão, Lisiane dos Santos Freitas, Camila da Silva and Lucio Cardozo-Filho
Foods 2025, 14(12), 2021; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14122021 - 7 Jun 2025
Viewed by 800
Abstract
The present study examined the impact of germination using Aloe vera as an elicitor on the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and in vitro anti-hyperglycemic and antitumoral activity of fenugreek seed extracts germinated by pressurized n-propane. The lipid composition, free fatty acids, antioxidant [...] Read more.
The present study examined the impact of germination using Aloe vera as an elicitor on the phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and in vitro anti-hyperglycemic and antitumoral activity of fenugreek seed extracts germinated by pressurized n-propane. The lipid composition, free fatty acids, antioxidant activity, and phenolic content, as well as the contents of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and minor compounds, have been determined for the extracts. The in vitro anti-hyperglycemic and anticancer activities were also evaluated in cervical cancer (HeLa) and colon cancer (SiHa) cell lines. Antioxidant activity increased two-fold, α-tocopherol increased almost three-fold, and β-carotene content was 55% higher in the germinated seed extracts compared to the raw. Fifteen polyphenolic compounds have been identified in fenugreek seed extracts, which promote germination by increasing high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids at the expense of reducing saturated fatty acids. Extracts obtained from seed germination and elicitation with Aloe vera demonstrated potential in vitro anticancer activity in HeLa and SiHa cells. Fenugreek extracts demonstrated high in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase (99%) and α-amylase (95%), indicating anti-hyperglycemic potential. The use of Aloe vera germination, combined with extraction using pressurized n-propane, demonstrated efficiency in enriching fenugreek seed extracts with bioactive compounds with potential in vitro anti-hyperglycemic and antitumor activity. Full article
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23 pages, 4528 KiB  
Article
Exploring Photocatalytic, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Efficacy of Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles
by Sabina Shrestha, Laxmi Tiwari, Sujan Dhungana, Jasana Maharjan, Devendra Khadka, Allison A. Kim, Megh Raj Pokhrel, Janaki Baral, Mira Park and Bhoj Raj Poudel
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(11), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15110858 - 3 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1931
Abstract
Aloe vera is effectively utilized to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (Av-ZnO NPs), providing an alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods. This sustainable approach minimizes the environmental impacts and enhances their compatibility with herbal ecosystems. We comprehensively analyzed the optical, structural, morphological, and [...] Read more.
Aloe vera is effectively utilized to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (Av-ZnO NPs), providing an alternative to traditional chemical and physical methods. This sustainable approach minimizes the environmental impacts and enhances their compatibility with herbal ecosystems. We comprehensively analyzed the optical, structural, morphological, and catalytic properties of Av-ZnO NPs using various analytical methods. The results indicated that the nanoparticles primarily exhibited a spherical shape. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the successful formation of a highly crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure, with an average size estimated at 12.2 nm. The antimicrobial properties of the Av-ZnO NPs indicated moderate antibacterial effectiveness. Using the DPPH free radical scavenging method, we evaluated the antioxidant properties, where the Av-ZnO NPs exhibited improved the radical scavenging efficiency, reflected by a lower IC50 value compared to the plant extract. Additionally, we assessed the photocatalytic functionality through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye, finding that the Av-ZnO NPs achieved approximately 82.43% degradation in 210 min, demonstrating their potential for environmental remediation. These findings suggest that green-synthesized ZnO NPs could play a noteworthy role in various nanotechnology applications and biomedical fields, while also promoting environmental sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Energy and Catalysis)
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17 pages, 3360 KiB  
Article
Untargeted LC-HRMS Metabolomics and Chemometrics of Aloe vera Across Diverse Geographical Origins and Cultivation Practices
by Attilio Anzano, Laura Grauso, Bruna de Falco and Virginia Lanzotti
Plants 2025, 14(11), 1685; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14111685 - 31 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 667
Abstract
The chemical composition of Aloe vera leaves was investigated by using liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Five A. vera samples were collected across diverse geographical origins and cultivation practices: PO (Botanical Garden of Portici, Italy), CAN (Gran Canaria, Canary Islands), CA, E, [...] Read more.
The chemical composition of Aloe vera leaves was investigated by using liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). Five A. vera samples were collected across diverse geographical origins and cultivation practices: PO (Botanical Garden of Portici, Italy), CAN (Gran Canaria, Canary Islands), CA, E, and MM (Marine Reserve of Torre Guaceto, Brindisi, Italy). Analysis of hydroalcoholic organic extracts revealed 77 organic compounds, including ubiquitous primary metabolites (i.e., sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) and natural products (i.e., phenols and aromatics, terpenes, and anthraquinones). Principal component analysis (PCA) on the raw dataset indicated a clear separation of samples depending on their geographical origins. PO samples showed high amounts of citric acid, the anthraquinone aloe-emodin, and the alkaloids tropine and tropinone. CAN samples showed high content of malic, citramalic, citraconic, erucic, and 3-dehydroquinic acids. CAN and PO samples contained high amounts of jasmonic, quinic, and 4-methoxycinnamic acids along with aloesin, tyramine, coumarin, and saponarin. Among the Brindisi samples, MM contained high amounts of limonene and α-linolenic acid. CA, E, and MM samples presented high amounts of eritrose-4-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, and fructosyl valine along with ginsenoside, proline, and ascorbic acid. These findings indicate that geographical origins and cultivation practices affect to different extents the metabolite profile of A. vera plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Phytochemistry)
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20 pages, 2965 KiB  
Article
Bioactive Hydrogel Scaffolds Integrating Chitosan, Silk Fibroin, and Aloe vera Extract for Enhanced Cartilage Tissue Regeneration
by Witwisitpong Maneechan, Phassorn Khumfu, Pensri Charoensit, Areeya Tuanchai, Sukunya Ross, Gareth M. Ross, Jatuporn Ngoenkam and Jarupa Viyoch
Polymers 2025, 17(10), 1409; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17101409 - 20 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 776
Abstract
This study developed composite hydrogel scaffolds from chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and Aloe vera (AV) gel extract for cartilage tissue engineering. SF extracted from Nang-Laai silkworm cocoons showed high protein content (86.8%), while AV extract contained characteristic polysaccharides. Scaffolds with varying CS/SF/AV [...] Read more.
This study developed composite hydrogel scaffolds from chitosan (CS), silk fibroin (SF), and Aloe vera (AV) gel extract for cartilage tissue engineering. SF extracted from Nang-Laai silkworm cocoons showed high protein content (86.8%), while AV extract contained characteristic polysaccharides. Scaffolds with varying CS/SF/AV ratios were fabricated and evaluated for physicochemical and biological properties. Among all formulations, CS40/SF/AV (3.00%wt CS, 2.70%wt SF, 0.075%wt AV) exhibited superior porosity (72.23 ± 4.85%), pore size (79.57 ± 3.68 μm), and compressive strength, both in dry (6.67 ± 1.44 MPa) and wet states. It also showed controlled swelling (270%) and a stable degradation profile (55–57% over 21 days). FTIR and XRD confirmed successful component integration and semi-crystalline structure. In vitro, CS40/SF/AV supported chondrocyte adhesion, proliferation, and morphology retention over 28 days. Fluorescence imaging showed uniform cell distribution across the scaffold. These results highlight the CS40/SF/AV scaffold as a promising, biocompatible platform with optimal mechanical and structural properties for cartilage regeneration, offering potential for further in vivo applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Applications of Intelligent Hydrogel 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 1822 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Activity of Teat Antiseptic Formulations Based on Plant Extracts for Controlling Bovine Mastitis: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
by Gabriel Michelutti do Nascimento, Romário Alves Rodrigues, Heloisa Cristina Brugnera, José Carlos Barbosa, Flavio Rubens Favaron, Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi, Caio Roberto Soares de Bragança, Ruben Pablo Schocken-Iturrino, Fernando Antônio de Ávila and Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(4), 293; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12040293 - 21 Mar 2025
Viewed by 804
Abstract
Pre- and post-milking teat antisepsis is one of the most effective methods for reducing the incidence of mastitis. Plant extracts have proven effective in reducing microorganisms, providing a natural alternative for antisepsis, along with additional benefits for teat health. This study aimed to [...] Read more.
Pre- and post-milking teat antisepsis is one of the most effective methods for reducing the incidence of mastitis. Plant extracts have proven effective in reducing microorganisms, providing a natural alternative for antisepsis, along with additional benefits for teat health. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antiseptic effects of two newly formulated products, used as pre-dipping and post-dipping agents, respectively, based on plant extracts from papain (Carica papaya), aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), andiroba (Carapa guianensis), copaiba (Copaifera officinalis), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), and barbatimão (Stryphnodendron barbatiman). Minimum inhibitory concentration tests were performed in vitro, along with microbiological analyses of different bacterial groups and in vivo compliance assessments to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the formulations, as well as the molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus. The results demonstrated that the products were effective in vitro against the main pathogens that cause mastitis, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Escherichia coli. In the in vivo assays, similar performance was observed between the tested products and the control products, indicating that the plant-extract-based formulations, applied as pre-dipping and post-dipping agents, effectively reduced the microbial load on the teats. The effects were equivalent to those of hydrogen-peroxide- and iodine-based products, being able to reduce the total microbial load by more than 80%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology)
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29 pages, 1612 KiB  
Review
Anthraquinones and Aloe Vera Extracts as Potential Modulators of Inflammaging Mechanisms: A Translational Approach from Autoimmune to Onco-Hematological Diseases
by Raffaele Cordiano, Santino Caserta, Paola Lucia Minciullo, Alessandro Allegra and Sebastiano Gangemi
Molecules 2025, 30(6), 1251; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30061251 - 11 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2915
Abstract
Inflammaging is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state that contributes to age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. This process involves immunosenescence, oxidative stress, and immune aging, all of which contribute to the breakdown of immune tolerance and the onset of autoimmune [...] Read more.
Inflammaging is a chronic, low-grade inflammatory state that contributes to age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis, neurodegeneration, and cancer. This process involves immunosenescence, oxidative stress, and immune aging, all of which contribute to the breakdown of immune tolerance and the onset of autoimmune disorders. Aloe vera (AV) has recently gained attention for its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This review explores the effects of AV extracts and anthraquinones (e.g., aloe–emodin, emodin, aloin) on key inflammaging-driven mechanisms in autoimmunity. Our analysis highlights AV’s ability to regulate hormone balance, autoantibody production, and cytokine/chemokine signaling (such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ). It modulates inflammatory pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), thereby inhibiting nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cell (NF-κB) activation. Additionally, AV enhances antioxidant defenses and restores immune balance by reducing Th1/Th17 subsets while promoting Th2-mediated regulation. Notably, AV also modulates inflammasome-mediated mechanisms and counteracts immunosenescence, which is driven by autophagy-related processes. These effects position AV as a potential integrative approach to mitigating inflammaging-driven autoimmunity. Furthermore, as inflammaging is increasingly recognized in onco-hematological diseases, AV-based strategies may offer novel therapeutic avenues. Future studies should focus on clinical validation, optimizing formulations, and expanding applications to broader age-related and immune-mediated disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activity of Plant Extracts)
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13 pages, 458 KiB  
Article
Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Acid, and Flavonoid Composition of an Antiseptic Ointment Based on Aloe and Green Propolis and Its Potential for Preventing Mastitis in Dairy Cows
by Sílvia Cristina de Aguiar, Solange Maria Cottica, Silvério Teixeira dos Santos, Juliana Maxiano da Fonseca, Luiza da Silva Leite and Mylena Leite da Silva
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(3), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12030248 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 993
Abstract
Mastitis is a major challenge in dairy production, leading to decreased milk yield and quality due to increased somatic cell counts (SCCs). The overuse of antibiotics to treat this condition has raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance, prompting the search for alternative treatments. This [...] Read more.
Mastitis is a major challenge in dairy production, leading to decreased milk yield and quality due to increased somatic cell counts (SCCs). The overuse of antibiotics to treat this condition has raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance, prompting the search for alternative treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phenolic acid, and flavonoid content of a natural antiseptic ointment based on green propolis and aloe vera. The phenolic and flavonoid composition was determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, revealing high concentrations of bioactive compounds, particularly in the green propolis extract. The antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method, and the ointment was applied as a post-dipping treatment in dairy cows. Over a 56-day period, the SCC in cows treated with the ointment showed a significant reduction (p = 0.021) compared to the control group (1.94 and 2.21 log10 SCC/mL, respectively). These findings indicate that the combination of green propolis and aloe vera possesses promising antimicrobial and healing properties, making it an effective alternative for mastitis prevention in dairy cows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Ruminant Health and Production: Alternatives to Antibiotics)
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21 pages, 6601 KiB  
Article
Production of Aloe vera Phytoplacenta Extract and Potential Applications in Skincare
by Seung Min Jung, Hye-In Kim, Soo-Yun Kim, Sung Joo Jang, Hyo Hyun Seo, Jeong Hun Lee, Ju-Duck Kim, Won Kyong Cho and Sang Hyun Moh
Life 2025, 15(3), 397; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15030397 - 3 Mar 2025
Viewed by 2061
Abstract
Aloe vera has garnered significant scientific and commercial attention due to its multifaceted therapeutic and cosmetic potential. This study aimed to investigate the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of Aloe vera phytoplacenta extract (AVPE) on HaCaT cells and skin health. To achieve this, [...] Read more.
Aloe vera has garnered significant scientific and commercial attention due to its multifaceted therapeutic and cosmetic potential. This study aimed to investigate the biological effects and molecular mechanisms of Aloe vera phytoplacenta extract (AVPE) on HaCaT cells and skin health. To achieve this, we investigated AVPE, produced using advanced in vitro cell culture techniques, and its effects on HaCaT cells. At 2% concentration, AVPE demonstrated remarkable biological effects, increasing AQP3 protein expression by 120% and healing area fourfold while simultaneously reducing COX-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) by 43% and iNOS mRNA by 48%. An AVPE-containing product notably reduced facial skin temperature to 24.9 °C compared to 32.3 °C for the control product. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of transcriptional changes in HaCaT cells after AVPE treatment revealed 14 upregulated and 58 downregulated RNAs. Upregulated processes included response to hydrogen peroxide and muscle cell migration, while downregulated processes involved cell–cell adhesion and synaptic transmission. Pathway analysis further highlighted significant metabolic changes, including upregulation of pentose phosphate and galactose metabolism pathways and downregulation of the leishmaniasis and GABAergic synapse pathways. In addition, gene expression data indicated subtle changes in epidermal differentiation genes, modulation of inflammatory markers, and alterations in genes related to cell signaling and skin-specific functions. Our comprehensive findings underscore AVPE’s potential in enhancing skin healing, regulating temperature, and modulating cellular processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Biomedical Applications of Plants and Plant Extracts)
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19 pages, 3260 KiB  
Article
A Strategy Towards the Valorization of Aloe Vera Rinds to Obtain Crystalline Cellulose: Pretreatment Effects and Elemental Analysis
by Mayra Elizabeth Juárez Méndez, Diana Palma Ramírez, David Salvador García Zaleta, Karen A. Neri Espinoza, Acela López Benítez, Deyanira del Ángel López, Sandra Soledad Morales García and Helen Willcock
Polymers 2025, 17(4), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17040553 - 19 Feb 2025
Viewed by 989
Abstract
Although crystalline nanocellulose (CNCs) can be extracted from different resources, the employed pretreatments, which disrupt the inter- and intramolecular physical interactions, depend on the biomass sources. This study aims to valorize Aloe Vera (AV) rinds into cellulose and crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) employing two [...] Read more.
Although crystalline nanocellulose (CNCs) can be extracted from different resources, the employed pretreatments, which disrupt the inter- and intramolecular physical interactions, depend on the biomass sources. This study aims to valorize Aloe Vera (AV) rinds into cellulose and crystalline nanocellulose (CNC) employing two approaches during hydrolysis: sulfuric acid (CNCSA) and citric acid (CNCCA) after 30, 60, and 90 min of reaction. The effects of pretreatments and hydrolysis time on the functional groups and hydrogen bonding in biomass are discussed. Crystalline structure (polymorph type), crystallinity, thermal stability, morphology, particle size, and metal presence are also analyzed. A transformation from type I into II polymorph was achieved, where the intermolecular interactions governing cellulose were increased in CNCSA and were almost maintained in CNCCA. Properties based on the structure, thermal properties, particle size, and metal presence indicate that the CNCSA30 and CNCCA90 samples displayed potential application as reinforcement agents for other types of polymers having no more melting points of 160 and 220 °C, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Study on Natural Polymers and Their Applications)
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15 pages, 2437 KiB  
Article
Electrical Signal Characterization of Aloe vera Var. Chinensis Using Non-Parametric and Parametric Signal Analysis
by Misael Zambrano-de la Torre, Claudia Sifuentes-Gallardo, Efrén González-Ramírez, Oscar Cruz-Dominguez, José Ortega-Sigala, Germán Díaz-Flórez, José Ismael De la Rosa Vargas and Héctor Durán-Muñoz
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 1708; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041708 - 7 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 814
Abstract
Recently, there is a renewed interest from the scientific community in the study of the electrical signal generated by plants due to its wide range of applications in agriculture, for example, environmental monitoring, detection of pests, diseases in crops, etc. Therefore, the aim [...] Read more.
Recently, there is a renewed interest from the scientific community in the study of the electrical signal generated by plants due to its wide range of applications in agriculture, for example, environmental monitoring, detection of pests, diseases in crops, etc. Therefore, the aim of this work is to characterize the electrical signal of Aloe vera var. chinensis by using non-parametric and parametric signal analysis techniques, in order to extract some fundamental features which could be used in the design of a bio-dosimeter. Non-parametric analysis of the signal was carried out in the time, frequency, and time-frequency domains, using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and the wavelet transform in order to determine the different characteristics and frequency changes over time. Parametric analysis was then performed by using auto-regressive (AR) models for signal prediction and modeling, and in this case the coefficients of the model will be considered as fundamental features to be extracted. It has been identified that the majority of the signal energy is found in low frequencies, possibly associated with physiological processes or changes in the environment. Subsequently, some metrics like mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2) were used in order to establish the capability of modeling the signal in its totality, considering that it is affected by the abrupt changes present in the signal. In this way, the relevance of combining both analyses is discussed in order to take their advantages for the benefit of the compression and feature extraction of the electrical signal of Aloe vera var. chinensis. This analysis allows the Aloe vera var. chinensis plant to be used for environmental monitoring, pest and disease detection in crops, or in a pattern recognition and signal classifier systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Science and Technology)
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22 pages, 8208 KiB  
Article
Elastomeric Biocomposites of Natural Rubber Containing Biosynthesized Zinc Oxide
by Anna Sowińska-Baranowska and Magdalena Maciejewska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(3), 1101; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26031101 - 27 Jan 2025
Viewed by 838
Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were successfully synthesized through the green method using aloe vera extract and zinc nitrate (1:1). The structure, morphology and properties of the biosynthesized ZnO (bioZnO) particles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), time of [...] Read more.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles were successfully synthesized through the green method using aloe vera extract and zinc nitrate (1:1). The structure, morphology and properties of the biosynthesized ZnO (bioZnO) particles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and thermogravimetry (TG). The morphology and the size of ZnO particles were elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Then, the ability of bioZnO to activate sulfur curing of natural rubber (NR) was tested and compared to commercial ZnO traditionally used as vulcanization activator. The bioZnO showed similar activity in the vulcanization process to commercial ZnO. NR composites containing bioZnO were pro-ecological in nature and exhibited better mechanical characteristics and durability against thermo-oxidative aging than NR with commonly used micrometric ZnO. Moreover, NR vulcanizates containing bioZnO showed good mechanical properties in dynamic conditions and satisfactory thermal stability. The present research is new and in addition to the analysis of biosynthesized ZnO particles, the effect of the activator in the vulcanization process of the NR elastomer and its influence on the properties of the final products were additionally discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Materials Science)
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19 pages, 2169 KiB  
Article
Growth Promotion and Secondary Metabolites of Vegetables by Spraying Soil with Psidium guajava, Aloe vera, Allium sativum and Medicago sativa Extracts at Various Stages of Growth
by Ei Ei, Hyun Hwa Park and Yong In Kuk
Plants 2025, 14(2), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14020237 - 16 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1158
Abstract
There is a growing need for sustainable, efficient methods to promote plant growth and protect crops, with plant extracts offering natural, multi-component solutions. Based on previous observations, Psidium guajava, Aloe vera, Allium sativum and Medicago sativa were selected from 17 water [...] Read more.
There is a growing need for sustainable, efficient methods to promote plant growth and protect crops, with plant extracts offering natural, multi-component solutions. Based on previous observations, Psidium guajava, Aloe vera, Allium sativum and Medicago sativa were selected from 17 water extracts to investigate how the application times of soil sprays affect the antioxidant enzymes and secondary metabolites in fruity and leafy vegetables at different growth stages. From 1 week after sowing (WAS) to 4 WAS, all applications increased the shoot fresh weight by 42–69% in cucumbers, 40–64% in tomatoes, 46–65% in kale and 42–63% in lettuce. These applications also increased the photosynthesis, flavonoids and antioxidative enzymes (ascorbate peroxide (APOD) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOD)), which provided the plants with a balanced supply of nutrients essential for growth. In the real world, these results show that the use of natural extracts (P. guajava and A. sativum) can be a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, helping to improve crop yields and metabolism without harming the environment. This approach could reduce the reliance on chemical inputs and promote more sustainable agricultural practices, especially in controlled environments, like greenhouses, where crops like cucumbers and kale are grown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Crop Physiology and Crop Production)
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12 pages, 262 KiB  
Article
Quality Comparison of Chicken Meat Treated with Origanum syriacum L. and Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil Incorporated with Aloe vera Gel
by Marwan A. Al-Hijazeen
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15010037 - 24 Dec 2024
Viewed by 771
Abstract
This comparison study assessed the antioxidant effectiveness of two oregano essential oils extracted from different plant species, namely, Origanum syriacum L. and Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, applied to 5% Aloe barbadensis miller gel using chicken meat. In addition, all treatment samples contained [...] Read more.
This comparison study assessed the antioxidant effectiveness of two oregano essential oils extracted from different plant species, namely, Origanum syriacum L. and Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum, applied to 5% Aloe barbadensis miller gel using chicken meat. In addition, all treatment samples contained the same amount (5%) of Aloe vera gel. The results of the current research will help to distinguish between both oil types accurately. This study involved four different treatments: (1) Control, (2) 300 ppm of Origanum syriacum L. essential oil (OR-S), (3) 300 ppm of Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum (OR-V), and (4) 14 ppm of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). Generally, natural antioxidants have many limitations when used for meat preservation compared to synthetic ones and should be combined with natural carriers. The treated meat patties were used to analyze lipid oxidation, color, total volatiles, and specific sensorial characteristics. Based on the current investigation, comparisons between treatments (OR-V, OR-S, and BHA) demonstrated that both of the combined oregano oils showed lower TBARS values. The control treatment showed the lowest preservation effect. Origanum syriacum L. (OR-S) and OR-V showed significant antioxidant effects compared to synthetic BHA. However, OR-S exhibited the strongest significant antioxidant effect and could be the best choice for industrial meat preservation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Natural Antioxidants in Foods: 2nd Edition)
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