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Research on Warning Models for Landslide and Debris Flow

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A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrogeology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 November 2022) | Viewed by 15986

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Dr. Chien-yuan Chen

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil and Water Engineering, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
Interests: landslide; slope stability analysis; geotechnical engineering; debris flow; pile foundation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The effects of global climate change has been causing numerous landslide disasters worldwide. The types of landslides include fall and toppling, slides (rotational and translational), flows, and creep. The triggering mechanisms of landslides are different from channelized debris flows (creek). The available warning models are not well separated for issuing the different trigger mechanisms of landslides. The purpose of this Special Issue of Water is focused on, but is not limited to, the effects of climate change on warning models for landslides and channelized debris flows by different rainfall characteristics. The Special Issue could improve the current literatures of warning models by considering the trend of climate change on the impacts of warnings for different types of landlsides.

Dr. Chien-yuan Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

landslide
debris flow
rainfall threshold
warning model
climate change

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4554 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards Establishing Empirical Rainfall Thresholds for Shallow Landslides in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China

by Rilang Deng, Huifen Liu, Xianchang Zheng, Qinghua Zhang, Wei Liu and Lingwei Chen

Water 2022, 14(23), 3914; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14233914 - 1 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2796

Abstract

Empirical rainfall thresholds for predicting rainfall-triggered shallow landslides are proposed for Guangzhou city, which is prone to widespread geological hazards during the annual flood season due to the subtropical monsoon climate and frequent tropical storms and typhoons. In this study, the cumulated event rainfall (E, in mm), the duration of rainfall event (D, in day) (E–D) thresholds, normalized cumulated event rainfall, and the duration of rainfall event (EMAP–D) thresholds were defined. Thresholds based on five lithological units were obtained at 5%, 20%, and 50% probability levels using quantile regression methods. More than two-thirds of the landslides occurred within units of intrusive rock. The 20-day cumulative rainfall of 97 mm integrating cumulative event rainfall and the duration of rainfall events (CED) is introduced into the three-dimensional spatial threshold. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the CED threshold and E–D threshold were 0.944 and 0.914, respectively, and the true-positive rate of the CED threshold with the same probability level was slightly lower than that of the E–D threshold, but the CED threshold false-positive rate was much better than the E–D threshold, which can significantly reduce false alarm rate since many non-triggering rainfalls were filtered out. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Warning Models for Landslide and Debris Flow)

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30 pages, 16934 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Flow-Type Landslides Analysis in Arid Zones: Application in La Chimba Basin in Antofagasta, Atacama Desert (Chile)

by Francisca Roldán, Iván Salazar, Gabriel González, Walter Roldán and Norman Toro

Water 2022, 14(14), 2225; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14142225 - 14 Jul 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4324

Abstract

In the world, the hazards of intense rainfall are recurrent and increasing. In addition, they are one of the natural hazards that cause the most severe damage to infrastructure and even cause deaths every year. Flow-type landslides are capable of develop in areas with different geomorphological, geological and climatic characteristics. In hyper-arid zones such as the Atacama Desert, these hazards are capable of develop in a timely manner, causing catastrophes. This study analyzes the flow-type landslide in a hyper-arid mountainous area in La Chimba basin of Antofagasta city (Chile). For this, a hydrometeorological analysis is carried out through a pluviometric analysis, statistical analysis of frequencies through the Gumbel probabilistic method of extreme values and determination of maximum flows by obtaining IDF (intensity-duration-frequency) curves and design rainfall intensity as a function of concentration time. To obtain the maximum flows of liquid runoff and debris, for different return periods, the rational method was used with the method proposed by O’Brien. For the determination in the impact zone, the modeling software HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System) and RAMMS (Rapid Mass Movements). Hydrographs are used for a return period of about 200 years, considered the most unfavorable scenario with the Voellmy–Salm model. To validate the modeling, a morphometric, sedimentological and comparative analysis is carried out between real impact zones of 1991 event and those generated in this study. It is concluded that the sedimentological and morphometric characteristics indicate that the type of flow that it can originate would have a rapid response to rainfall events of great intensity or duration. The modeling provided by HEC-RAS represents a fluvial-type flow, while the RAMMS modeling is closer to the consistency of a flow-type landslide, which is estimated to be closer to reality. The results show that despite being in a hyper-arid zone, the rainfall factor is capable of landslides triggering in mountainous areas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Warning Models for Landslide and Debris Flow)

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14 pages, 2717 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Different Geological Conditions on Landslide-Triggering Rainfall Conditions in South Korea

by Jae-Uk Lee, Yong-Chan Cho, Minseok Kim, Su-Jin Jang, Jongmyoung Lee and Sukwoo Kim

Water 2022, 14(13), 2051; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14132051 - 27 Jun 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4856

Abstract

How landslide-triggering rainfall conditions vary with geology is unclear. The effects of three different geological conditions (gneiss, GN; granite, GR; sedimentary rock, SR) on variations in intensity–duration (I-D) conditions and rainfall characteristics responsible for initiating shallow landslides were examined using data from 476 landslides in South Korea from 1963 to 2018 and detailed statistical analyses. Results from quantile regression and one-way analysis of variance analyses clearly showed that impermeable SR slopes result in smaller critical rainfall than permeable GN and GR slopes do, indicating a relatively high occurrence exceedance probability and susceptibility to landslides in SR slope. These findings suggest that geological conditions, particularly the relatively high susceptibility of SR slopes, should be considered when establishing rainfall information-based landslide warning criteria for South Korea. Our findings can contribute to the assessment of landslide susceptibility and probability based on geological conditions; however, they should be further investigated through in situ observations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Warning Models for Landslide and Debris Flow)

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16 pages, 5603 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Warning Models for Landslide and Channelized Debris Flow under Climate Change Conditions in Taiwan

by Ho-Wen Chen and Chien-Yuan Chen

Water 2022, 14(5), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050695 - 23 Feb 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2941

Abstract

Climate change has caused numerous disasters around the world. It has also influenced the climate of Taiwan, with urban areas exhibiting a temperature increase by 1 °C between 1998 and 2020. In this study, climate change and landslides in Taiwan were statistically analyzed. Cumulative annual precipitation in mountain watersheds in central Taiwan exhibit a declining trend and is lower than that in urban areas. The relatively few typhoons reduced the distribution of rainfall in mountain watersheds and fewer landslides. From 2017 to 2020, typhoon-induced rains caused fewer landslides than did other climate events such as the meiyu front, tropical low pressure, and southwesterly flow events. Three rainfall characteristics of landslide initiation were identified: high rainfall intensity over a short duration (<12 h), high-intensity and prolonged rainfall, and high cumulative rainfall over a long duration (>36 h). Combinations of warning models for landslides in cumulative rainfall–duration plots with rainfall intensity classification and mean rainfall intensity–duration plots with cumulative rainfall classification were presented. In recent (2018–2020) years, climate change has resulted in higher temperatures, less rainfall in mountain watersheds, and a lower rainfall threshold at which landslides are initiated by non-typhoon climate events. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Warning Models for Landslide and Debris Flow)

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