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Application of Electrochemical Technologies in Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2025 | Viewed by 892

Special Issue Editors

1. School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
2. New York State Center for Clean Water Technology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Interests: process development and optimization; resource recovery; wastewater treatment; nutrient pollution; water quality management

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Guest Editor
Department of Animal Industry Convergence, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; livestock waste management; composting; nutrient recovery; biological wastewater treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical technologies have emerged as clean, promising, versatile, and sustainable approaches for treating various wastewater streams, particularly those with high concentrations of nutrients, organic matter, and emerging contaminants. Electrochemical approaches such as electrocoagulation, electro-oxidation, electroflotation, and electrodialysis offer significant advantages over conventional treatment methods, including compact design, operational flexibility, low chemical demand, and the ability to integrate with renewable energy sources. Recent advances in reactor design, electrode materials, hybrid systems, and process optimization have expanded the applicability of electrochemical treatments across municipal, industrial, and decentralized wastewater systems.

This Special Issue invites original research articles, reviews, and case studies that explore the development, application, and performance evaluation of electrochemical technologies in the domain of wastewater treatment. Submissions focusing on mechanistic insights, modeling, pilot- or full-scale implementations, and techno-economic or environmental assessments are especially welcome. Contributions that emphasize innovative hybrid systems or integrate electrochemical processes with biological or physical treatments are also encouraged. This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive platform for advancing the understanding and practical implementation of electrochemical methods in water quality management.

Dr. Arif Reza
Dr. Soomin Shim
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • electrocoagulation
  • electrooxidation
  • electro-fenton process
  • electrodialysis
  • electrode materials
  • reactive electrochemical membranes
  • advanced electrochemical oxidation processes (AEOPs)
  • process modeling and optimization
  • hybrid electrochemical-biological systems
  • decentralized wastewater treatment
  • techno-economic and life cycle assessment (LCA)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 2624 KB  
Article
Comparative Assessment of Different Electrode Combinations for Phosphate Removal from Onsite Wastewater via Electrocoagulation
by Arif Reza, Xiumei Jian, Fanjian Zeng and Xinwei Mao
Water 2025, 17(18), 2764; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17182764 - 18 Sep 2025
Viewed by 557
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) discharge from onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) poses a significant threat to water quality, contributing to eutrophication in nutrient-sensitive aquatic environments. In treated effluents, P predominantly exists as orthophosphate (PO43−), a highly bioavailable and reactive form that requires [...] Read more.
Phosphorus (P) discharge from onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) poses a significant threat to water quality, contributing to eutrophication in nutrient-sensitive aquatic environments. In treated effluents, P predominantly exists as orthophosphate (PO43−), a highly bioavailable and reactive form that requires targeted removal. This study evaluates the performance of electrocoagulation (EC) as a polishing step for PO43− removal from OWTS effluents using 12 anode/cathode combinations comprising aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and stainless steel (SS). Key operational parameters, including treatment time, mixing speed, current density, pH, and initial PO43− concentration, were systematically investigated when synthetic denitrified effluent (20 mg P/L) was treated. Based on the performance, the four most effective electrode combinations (Al/Al, Al/Mg, Fe/Al, and Mg/Mg), along with a commercial benchmark (Fe/Fe), were further tested under extended hydraulic retention times (up to 48 h) in both synthetic and real (denitrified) wastewater. To date, none of the studies have systematically evaluated all possible anode/cathode combinations involving multiple electrode materials under uniform operational conditions. The Al/Al and Mg/Mg EC systems achieved rapid and high PO43− removal efficiencies (>95%), while Mg-based systems demonstrated sustained performance over prolonged treatment durations, especially in real wastewater. Bimetallic pairs such as Al/Mg and Fe/Al exhibited synergistic effects through enhanced coagulant generation and pH stabilization. The results indicated that PO43− removal efficiency was strongly influenced by electrode material selection, hydrodynamic conditions, and wastewater compositions, underscoring the need to design EC systems based on site-specific water quality conditions in OWTSs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Electrochemical Technologies in Wastewater Treatment)
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