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Water
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Effects of Hydrology on Soil Erosion and Soil Water Conservation
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Effects of Hydrology on Soil Erosion and Soil Water Conservation

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Soil and Water".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 January 2026 | Viewed by 3398

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yifan Dong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
Interests: gully erosion; headcut retreat; concentrated flow; jet flow; plunge pools; soil properties; vegetation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mingming Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
Interests: gully erosion; gully expansion; headcut migration; landform evolution; erosion control measure
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Dan Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geographical Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China
Interests: gully erosion; water erosion; soil and water conservation; hydrological properties; sediment yield; morphological evolution; vegetation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water erosion is the most widely distributed type of soil erosion on earth. This Special Issue focuses on different water erosion processes, i.e., splash erosion, rill and interrill erosion, gully erosion, piping, etc., and aims to reveal the influences of different hydrodynamic processes (such as rainfall, overland flow, concentrated flow, jet flow, infiltration and subsurface flow, snowmelt runoff, etc.) on soil erosion, as well as the effects and mechanism of different soil conservation measures on water erosion. This Special Issue seeks relevant research studies employing different methods, including field investigations and experimental and model simulation, conducted on different time and spatial scales, aiming to progress this field of research and offer new perspectives related to water erosion.

Dr. Yifan Dong
Dr. Mingming Guo
Dr. Dan Yang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water erosion
  • splash erosion
  • rainfall
  • overland flow
  • concentrated flow
  • jet flow
  • infiltration
  • subsurface flow
  • modeling
  • soil conservation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 4809 KB  
Article
Multiscale Analysis of Seepage Failure Mechanisms in Gap-Graded Soils Using Coupled CFD-DEM Modeling
by Qiong Xiao, Lu Ma, Shan Chang, Xinxin Yue and Ling Yuan
Water 2025, 17(16), 2461; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17162461 - 19 Aug 2025
Viewed by 587
Abstract
Seepage erosion around sheet pile walls represents a critical failure mechanism in geotechnical engineering, yet the underlying mechanisms governing the onset of erosion remain poorly understood. This study presents a comprehensive multi-scale investigation employing a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-discrete element method (DEM) [...] Read more.
Seepage erosion around sheet pile walls represents a critical failure mechanism in geotechnical engineering, yet the underlying mechanisms governing the onset of erosion remain poorly understood. This study presents a comprehensive multi-scale investigation employing a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-discrete element method (DEM) to elucidate the onset mechanisms of seepage erosion in gap-graded soils with varying the fines content under different hydraulic gradients. The results demonstrate that increasing the fines content enhances the overall erosion resistance, as evidenced by reduced particle mobilization and eroded mass ratio. Particle tracking analysis reveals that the fines content fundamentally influences the spatial distribution of the erosion. Specimens with low fines content exhibit distributed erosion throughout the domain, while specimens with higher fines content show concentrated erosion around the sheet pile wall and downstream regions. Micromechanical analysis of local contact fabric and contact forces indicates that this spatial heterogeneity stems from the mechanical coordination number and mechanical redundancy, characterized by the reduced magnitudes of these parameters for the region with lower erosion resistance. These findings establish that the fines content governs both global erosion resistance and spatial erosion patterns, providing essential insights for optimizing soil gradation design and advancing fundamental understanding of seepage erosion mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Hydrology on Soil Erosion and Soil Water Conservation)
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21 pages, 2052 KB  
Article
Optimizing Oilfield-Produced Water Reuse for Sustainable Irrigation: Impacts on Soil Quality and Mineral Accumulation in Plants
by Khaled Al-Jabri, Ahmed Al-Busaidi, Mushtaque Ahmed, Rhonda R. Janke and Alexandros Stefanakis
Water 2025, 17(10), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17101497 - 16 May 2025
Viewed by 1994
Abstract
The effective management of produced water (PW), a by-product of oil extraction in Oman, is essential for sustainable water use and environmental protection. PW contains petroleum residues, heavy metals, and salts, which require treatment before safe reuse. In the Nimr oil field, PW [...] Read more.
The effective management of produced water (PW), a by-product of oil extraction in Oman, is essential for sustainable water use and environmental protection. PW contains petroleum residues, heavy metals, and salts, which require treatment before safe reuse. In the Nimr oil field, PW undergoes partial treatment in constructed wetlands vegetated with buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris). This study investigated the reuse potential of treated PW for irrigation through two parallel field experiments conducted at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) and the Nimr wetlands site. At the SQU site, native halophytic plants were irrigated with three water sources: treated municipal wastewater, underground water (from an on-site well), and treated produced water. At the Nimr site, irrigation was conducted using underground water and treated PW. Two soil types were used: well-draining control soil and Nimr soil from southern Oman. The treatments included: (i) PW + control soil, (ii) PW + Nimr soil, (iii) PW + gypsum (3.5 g/kg soil), (iv) PW + biochar (10 g/kg soil), (v) underground water + control soil, and (vi) treated municipal wastewater + control soil. Biochar, produced from locally sourced buffelgrass via low-temperature pyrolysis (300 °C for 3 h), and gypsum (46.57% acid-extractable sulfate) were mixed into the soil before sowing. The impact of each treatment was assessed in terms of soil quality (salinity, boron, major cations), plant physiological responses, and mineral accumulation. PW irrigation (TDS ~ 6500–7000 mg/L) led to a sixfold increase in soil sodium and raised boron levels in plant tissues to over 200 mg/kg, exceeding livestock feed safety limits. Copper remained within acceptable thresholds (≤9.5 mg/kg). Biochar reduced boron uptake, but gypsum showed limited benefit. Neither amendment improved plant growth under PW irrigation. These findings highlight the need for regulated PW reuse, emphasizing the importance of soil management strategies and alternating water sources to mitigate salinity stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Hydrology on Soil Erosion and Soil Water Conservation)
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18 pages, 2268 KB  
Article
Study of the Hydrological and Erosion Characteristics of Typical Spoil Heaps in the Yangtze River Delta of China
by Yanzi He, Jing Du, Zhujun Gu, Yunhao Li, Jin Ni, Jiasheng Wu, Guanghui Liao and Maimai Zeng
Water 2025, 17(8), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17081220 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 462
Abstract
Spoil heaps have become a major source of anthropogenic soil erosion, but the hydrological responses and erosion mechanisms of in situ slopes under rainstorms remain poorly understood. We performed simulated rainfall experiments at real estate (Site A), railway (Site B), and railway station [...] Read more.
Spoil heaps have become a major source of anthropogenic soil erosion, but the hydrological responses and erosion mechanisms of in situ slopes under rainstorms remain poorly understood. We performed simulated rainfall experiments at real estate (Site A), railway (Site B), and railway station (Site C) construction sites, as well as spoil sites (Site D) in China’s Yangtze River Delta. Rainfall parameters, surface runoff, interflow, vertical soil moisture profiles, and sediment yield were monitored: (1) Hydrological responses differed significantly across the sites due to soil structure complexity; stable erosion after the first rainfall event was not achieved at any site except Site C. Soil erosion was the strongest at Site C, followed by Sites D, B, and A. After the second rainfall event, erosion was stable, increasing, and decreasing at Sites A, B and C, and D, respectively. (2) Runoff and the soil loss rate were positively correlated (R2 > 0.7), and the slopes of the fitted regression lines were highest for Sites B and C, followed by Sites D and A. (3) Soil erodibility values based on field data were 0.0029, 0.1164, 0.1974, and 0.0989 t·hm2·h·hm−2·MJ−1·mm−1 for Sites A, B, C, and D, respectively. (4) The soil bulk density, gravel content, and silt content were key factors contributing to the severe erosion of field spoil heaps. Spoil heaps from different project types exhibited distinct hydrological and erosional behaviors, which necessitates targeted mitigation strategies to reduce severe erosion and landslide risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Hydrology on Soil Erosion and Soil Water Conservation)
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