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Effects of Biochar Additions on Soil Hydraulic Properties

A Special Issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441) belonging to the section "Soil and Water".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2026) | Viewed by 820

Editor

School of Civil Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
Interests: chemical mechanics; unsaturated soil mechanics; soil-water interaction; prevention and control of geological disasters

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydraulic properties of soils are fundamental parameters in geotechnical engineering, directly controlling seepage, consolidation, slope stability, earth structure performance, and the long-term serviceability of geotechnical infrastructure. In recent years, biochar has emerged as a novel geomaterial amendment with the potential to modify soil fabric, pore network connectivity, and interparticle interactions, thereby influencing permeability, water retention, and unsaturated flow behavior. While biochar has been widely studied in agronomic and environmental contexts, its implications for geotechnical applications remain insufficiently explored and often lack a rigorous mechanics-based interpretation.

This Special Issue aims to advance a geotechnical engineering-oriented understanding of the effects of biochar additions on soil hydraulic properties. We welcome contributions that investigate biochar-modified soils from the perspectives of soil mechanics, unsaturated soil theory, and multi-physical coupling. Topics include, but are not limited to, changes in saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, soil–water characteristic curves, pore structure evolution, fabric anisotropy, consolidation–seepage interaction, and hydro-mechanical coupling under loading, wetting–drying cycles, or environmental aging. Experimental, numerical, and theoretical studies relevant to earthworks, liners, barriers, slopes, and ground improvement are particularly encouraged. This Special Issue seeks to clarify mechanisms, establish engineering-relevant parameters, and assess the feasibility and limitations of biochar in geotechnical practice.

Dr. Yang Chen
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biochar
  • geotechnical engineering
  • soil hydraulic properties
  • permeability
  • unsaturated soils
  • soil–water characteristic curve
  • hydro-mechanical coupling
  • ground improvement

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 14397 KB  
Article
Machine Learning Prediction and Interpretation of Soil−Water Characteristic Curves of Biochar-Amended Soils
by Yu Luo, Letian Wang, Zixuan Zheng, Junming Lin, Haijian Liu, Fangyuan Zhou, Qiang Hu, Ping Li and Dengfei Zhang
Water 2026, 18(15), 1838; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18151838 - 29 Jul 2026
Viewed by 521
Abstract
Biochar is a porous, carbon-rich soil amendment that can enhance soil water retention capacity by modifying pore structure and physicochemical properties. Understanding the soil−water characteristic curve (SWCC) of biochar-amended soils is essential for evaluating their hydrological behavior and promoting the application of biochar [...] Read more.
Biochar is a porous, carbon-rich soil amendment that can enhance soil water retention capacity by modifying pore structure and physicochemical properties. Understanding the soil−water characteristic curve (SWCC) of biochar-amended soils is essential for evaluating their hydrological behavior and promoting the application of biochar in engineering practice. Given the demonstrated feasibility and accuracy of machine learning methods for predicting soil parameters, this study employed six machine learning models, namely, decision tree, random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, CatBoost, and artificial neural network, to predict the SWCC of biochar-amended soils based on a constructed dataset. Feature importance analysis and partial dependence analysis were further conducted to reveal the influence patterns of key variables. The results indicate that all six models exhibit good predictive capability, with gradient boosting models (XGBoost, CatBoost, and LightGBM) performing best. Suction is the dominant factor controlling the volumetric water content variation, while soil particle-size distribution and dry density provide the physical basis for water retention. Biochar content, pyrolysis temperature, and feedstock type further modulate the water retention capacity of amended soils. Overall, the findings demonstrate that machine learning approaches can effectively predict the SWCC of biochar-amended soils and provide insights into the controlling mechanisms of soil water retention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Biochar Additions on Soil Hydraulic Properties)
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