Advances in Respiratory Viruses Research: From Basic Studies to Public Health

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 December 2026 | Viewed by 1351

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. CAP Anton de Borja-Centre Universitari, c/Marconi-Cantonada Edison s/n, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa (CST), Rubí, Spain
2. Human Anatomy and Embryology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: COVID-19 epidemiology; COVID-19 treatment; spinal anesthesia; MRI image analysis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID-19 pandemic has irrevocably reshaped the landscape of respiratory virus research and public health practice. The virus SARS-CoV-2 continues to co-circulate with an array of other respiratory pathogens, including influenza, RSV, endemic human coronaviruses, and others, presenting ongoing challenges for diagnosis, clinical management, and epidemic control. This Special Issue encourages the publication of work on integrative strategies for dealing with the challenges of co-circulating respiratory viruses, seeking to compile cutting-edge research that moves beyond a singular pathogen focus.

We invite contributions that explore the evolving epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viral co-infections affecting the respiratory system, emphasizing the critical role of differential diagnosis, and investigating the long-term health effects of co-infections. Submissions on novel treatments and vaccine development are highly encouraged, with a particular interest in studies comparing next-generation, broadly protective, with vaccines developed using classical platforms. We also encourage works that emphasize the importance of integrating basic and translational research—for instance, analyzing the rates of genomic variation in co-circulating viruses over time, proteomic studies on the interactions between viral proteins and human receptors, and harmonization of epidemiological and mortality data with results from swab samples or wastewater surveillance in sentinel programs.

The relationship between viruses and the host also encompasses genetic susceptibility, the immune response, and its influence on disease progression. Specific host genetic variants have been linked to increased susceptibility to viruses. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes (TLR4, for example) have been associated with innate host defense, cytokine responses, and immune system function, highlighting the complex genetic landscape that guides individual responses to infection. Other host factors, such as the airway microbiome, may influence immune responses to viral infections. Respiratory tract infections can alter the composition of the microbiome, which in turn may influence host vulnerability to subsequent viral infections. Manuscripts evaluating these aspects are also welcome.

We highlight the interest on integrated strategies that are crucial for the early outbreaks detection and for monitoring the dynamics of variants across multiple respiratory viruses. This Special Issue aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of emerging respiratory virus threats, promoting interdisciplinary approaches that have the ability to enhance our preparedness for future seasonal respiratory epidemics and the challenges of diagnosis and treatment of viral co-infections in the lungs and potential collateral side effects in other organs.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in COVID.

Dr. Anna Puigdellívol-Sánchez
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • respiratory viruses
  • SARS-CoV-2 co-variants
  • virus-host interaction
  • genetic susceptibility
  • host genetic factors
  • immune response
  • wastewater surveillance
  • seasonal vaccines
  • differential diagnosis
  • long COVID
  • COVID-19 sequelae

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1870 KB  
Communication
Post-Pandemic Neutralizing Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 D614G Variant in Rural and Urban Ghana
by Elvis Suatey Lomotey, Irene Amoakoh Owusu, Elikem Abla Kisser, Kojo Nketia, Dorah Korkor Mensah, Angela Selase Dayi, Christopher Dorcoo, Angelica Daakyire, Peter Kojo Quashie and Irene Owusu Donkor
Viruses 2026, 18(4), 414; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040414 - 27 Mar 2026
Viewed by 657
Abstract
Africa reported lower COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality compared to other continents, despite widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission and limited vaccine access. Proposed immunological explanations include potential pre-existing immunity such as cross-reactive humoral or cellular responses from earlier coronavirus exposures. However, functional immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 [...] Read more.
Africa reported lower COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality compared to other continents, despite widespread SARS-CoV-2 transmission and limited vaccine access. Proposed immunological explanations include potential pre-existing immunity such as cross-reactive humoral or cellular responses from earlier coronavirus exposures. However, functional immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in African populations remain poorly characterized. To address this gap, we assessed post-pandemic neutralizing antibody responses against the SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant. We analyzed plasma samples from 989 participants in a cross-sectional survey in Ghana’s Eastern and Greater Accra regions. A live virus neutralization assay using Vero E6 TMPRSS2 cells was employed to quantify SARS-CoV-2 D614G-specific neutralizing antibodies. Responses were assessed across collected demographic data. Urban participants exhibited higher median neutralizing antibody titers than rural counterparts, in both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups (p < 0.0001). Among unvaccinated individuals, median neutralizing antibody titers were comparable across age groups in urban settings. Vaccinated individuals showed elevated median titers across all age groups, with urban residents demonstrating stronger responses. Significant sex-based differences in neutralizing titres were also identified. Our findings reveal marked disparities in functional antibody responses between urban and rural populations, likely shaped by differences in SARS-CoV-2 exposure and vaccination. Continued surveillance and immunological profiling remain key for informing vaccine strategies and future pandemic preparedness. Full article
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Review

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24 pages, 803 KB  
Review
Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Influenza: A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Emerging Evidence
by Feihu Guan, Jie Zhang, Ye Tian, Bofan Fu, Ji Liu, Yafen Song, Aoyang Yan, Bing Zhang, Ling Chen, Min Zhang, Pengfei Du, Lei Wang, Xiaoyue Yang, Sifan Guo, Chenghuai Yang, Hui Zhang and Qianyi Zhang
Viruses 2026, 18(5), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18050553 (registering DOI) - 12 May 2026
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Abstract
The gut microbiota, often referred to as the “forgotten organ”, plays an indispensable role in maintaining host physiological metabolism, immune function, and nutrient absorption. Moreover, the gut microbiome serves as a critical biological barrier against viral infections and is increasingly recognized as a [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota, often referred to as the “forgotten organ”, plays an indispensable role in maintaining host physiological metabolism, immune function, and nutrient absorption. Moreover, the gut microbiome serves as a critical biological barrier against viral infections and is increasingly recognized as a potential target to augment antiviral therapies. Recent studies have revealed that microbial ligands and metabolites derived from the gut microbiota are pivotal in modulating respiratory immune responses, providing compelling evidence of the complex interaction network between microorganisms and the host, particularly the signaling pathways linking the gut to distal organs such as the lungs. This review examines the communication and regulatory mechanisms between the gut microbiota and pulmonary mucosal surfaces during influenza virus infection, emphasizing how gut microbial communities and probiotics influence host immune responses, promote the production of immune-related molecules, and enhance antiviral defenses. The aim is to provide comprehensive insights into the gut–lung axis and its implications for respiratory health. Full article
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