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Viruses
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Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19
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Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2022) | Viewed by 14915

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Eric Piver

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. INSERM U1259, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
2. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours University Hospital, 3700 Tours, France
Interests: HIV-1; lipids; phosphoinositides

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

During the replication of the Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov2), some cellular pathways involving metabolites and lipids are dysregulated. A high level of inflammation is evidenced by high serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) or interleukin (IL)6, which are associated with the so-called cytokine storm in SARS-Cov2-infected patients. The mechanisms underlying the clinical severity of this infection have not been completely determined. However, some comorbidities such as Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) have been reported as associated with complications and mortality in SARS-Cov2-infected patients. MetS is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pathologic state determined by abdominal obesity, high body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. One of the hypotheses explaining the link between MetS and SARS-Cov2 infection (causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)) is based on the low-grade inflammation largely reported in MetS patients, but other mechanisms could also be involved, like modification of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) metabolism.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to highlight the links between MetS and severe forms of COVID-19, in both in vitro models and cohorts of patients.

Dr. Eric Piver
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • metabolic syndrome
  • severity of COVID-19
  • physiopathology

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 626 KiB  
Article
COVID-19 In-Hospital Mortality in People with Diabetes Is Driven by Comorbidities and Age—Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of Austrian National Public Health Institute Data
by Faisal Aziz, Felix Aberer, Alexander Bräuer, Christian Ciardi, Martin Clodi, Peter Fasching, Mario Karolyi, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Carmen Klammer, Oliver Malle, Erich Pawelka, Thomas Pieber, Slobodan Peric, Claudia Ress, Michael Schranz, Caren Sourij, Lars Stechemesser, Harald Stingl, Hannah Stöcher, Thomas Stulnig, Norbert Tripolt, Michael Wagner, Peter Wolf, Andreas Zitterl, Alexander Christian Reisinger, Jolanta Siller-Matula, Michael Hummer, Othmar Moser, Dirk von-Lewinski, Philipp Eller, Susanne Kaser and Harald Sourijadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Viruses 2021, 13(12), 2401; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122401 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2780
Abstract
Background: It is a matter of debate whether diabetes alone or its associated comorbidities are responsible for severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study assessed the impact of diabetes on intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective [...] Read more.
Background: It is a matter of debate whether diabetes alone or its associated comorbidities are responsible for severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study assessed the impact of diabetes on intensive care unit (ICU) admission and in-hospital mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on a countrywide cohort of 40,632 COVID-19 patients hospitalized between March 2020 and March 2021. Data were provided by the Austrian data platform. The association of diabetes with outcomes was assessed using unmatched and propensity-score matched (PSM) logistic regression. Results: 12.2% of patients had diabetes, 14.5% were admitted to the ICU, and 16.2% died in the hospital. Unmatched logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of diabetes (odds ratio [OR]: 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.34, p < 0.001) with in-hospital mortality, whereas PSM analysis showed no significant association of diabetes with in-hospital mortality (OR: 1.08, 95%CI: 0.97–1.19, p = 0.146). Diabetes was associated with higher odds of ICU admissions in both unmatched (OR: 1.36, 95%CI: 1.25–1.47, p < 0.001) and PSM analysis (OR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.04–1.28, p = 0.009). Conclusions: People with diabetes were more likely to be admitted to ICU compared to those without diabetes. However, advanced age and comorbidities rather than diabetes itself were associated with increased in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19)
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15 pages, 3528 KiB  
Article
Epidemiological and Immunological Features of Obesity and SARS-CoV-2
by Eric J. Nilles, Sameed M. Siddiqui, Stephanie Fischinger, Yannic C. Bartsch, Michael de St. Aubin, Guohai Zhou, Matthew J. Gluck, Samuel Berger, Justin Rhee, Eric Petersen, Benjamin Mormann, Michael Loesche, Yiyuan Hu, Zhilin Chen, Jingyou Yu, Makda Gebre, Caroline Atyeo, Matthew J. Gorman, Alex Lee Zhu, John Burke, Matthew Slein, Mohammad A. Hasdianda, Guruprasad Jambaulikar, Edward W. Boyer, Pardis C. Sabeti, Dan H. Barouch, Boris Julg, Adam J. Kucharski, Elon R. Musk, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Galit Alter and Anil S. Menonadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Viruses 2021, 13(11), 2235; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13112235 - 6 Nov 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4726
Abstract
Obesity is a key correlate of severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes while the role of obesity on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptom phenotype, and immune response remain poorly defined. We examined data from a prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study to address these questions. Serostatus, body mass [...] Read more.
Obesity is a key correlate of severe SARS-CoV-2 outcomes while the role of obesity on risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptom phenotype, and immune response remain poorly defined. We examined data from a prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study to address these questions. Serostatus, body mass index, demographics, comorbidities, and prior COVID-19 compatible symptoms were assessed at baseline and serostatus and symptoms monthly thereafter. SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays included an IgG ELISA targeting the spike RBD, multiarray Luminex targeting 20 viral antigens, pseudovirus neutralization, and T cell ELISPOT assays. Our results from a large prospective SARS-CoV-2 cohort study indicate symptom phenotype is strongly influenced by obesity among younger but not older age groups; we did not identify evidence to suggest obese individuals are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection; and remarkably homogenous immune activity across BMI categories suggests immune protection across these groups may be similar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19)
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Review

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19 pages, 330 KiB  
Review
Excess Body Mass—A Factor Leading to the Deterioration of COVID-19 and Its Complications—A Narrative Review
by Weronika Gryczyńska, Nikita Litvinov, Bezawit Bitew, Zuzanna Bartosz, Weronika Kośmider, Paweł Bogdański and Damian Skrypnik
Viruses 2021, 13(12), 2427; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13122427 - 3 Dec 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3387
Abstract
Currently, the world is facing two serious pandemics: obesity and COVID-19. It is well-established that the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, causing a deterioration in the health quality of the population and increasing susceptibility for the unfavourable course of acute infections. It [...] Read more.
Currently, the world is facing two serious pandemics: obesity and COVID-19. It is well-established that the prevalence of obesity has risen dramatically, causing a deterioration in the health quality of the population and increasing susceptibility for the unfavourable course of acute infections. It has been observed that excess body mass significantly influences the COVID-19 outcome. The aim of this review is to present the latest scientific reports on the impact of excess body mass on the course and complications of COVID-19. The Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases were searched. Only studies reporting patients stated to be COVID-19 positive based on the results of a nasopharyngeal swab and the ribonucleic acid test were included. It is shown that thromboembolic and ischemic complications, namely stroke, disseminated intravascular coagulation, severe hyperglycaemia, and leukoencephalopathy are more likely to appear in COVID-19 positive patients with obesity compared to non-obese subjects. COVID-19 complications such as cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmias, endothelial dysfunction, acute kidney injury, dyslipidaemia, lung lesions and acute respiratory distress syndrome have a worse outcome among obese patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19)

Other

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9 pages, 1677 KiB  
Brief Report
Prognostic Role of Metabolic Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review Meta-Analysis
by Marco Zuin, Gianluca Rigatelli, Claudio Bilato, Carlo Cervellati, Giovanni Zuliani and Loris Roncon
Viruses 2021, 13(10), 1938; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13101938 - 27 Sep 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2927
Abstract
Background: The prevalence and prognostic implications of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with MetS. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and [...] Read more.
Background: The prevalence and prognostic implications of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with MetS. Methods: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. We searched MEDLINE and Scopus to locate every article published up to 1 September 2021, reporting data on MetS among COVID-19 patients. The pooled prevalence of MetS was calculated using a random effects model and presented using the related 95% confidence interval (CI), while the mortality risk was estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (OR) and related 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Results: Six studies, enrolling 209.569 COVID-19 patients [mean age 57.2 years, 114.188 males (54.4%)] met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 20.5% of cases (95% CI: 6.7–47.8%, p = 0.03), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%). Pre-existing MetS was significantly associated with higher risk of short-term mortality (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.52–3.45, p < 0.001), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 89.4%). Meta-regression showed a direct correlation with male gender (p = 0.03), hypertension (p < 0.001), DM (p = 0.01) and hyperlipidaemia (p = 0.04), but no effect when considering age (p = 0.75) and chronic pulmonary disease (p = 0.86) as moderators. Conclusions: MetS represents a major comorbidity in about 20% of COVID-19 patients and it is associated with a 230% increased risk of short-term mortality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Syndrome and COVID-19)
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