Virus-Host Interactions: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 4048

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
Interests: emerging virus; virus–host interactions; antiviral drugs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Interests: viral-host interplay; SARS-CoV; influenza A virus; site-targeted antivirals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viruses are diverse and uncertain, and the structures and compositions of these viruses differ greatly, but they are a class of strict intracellular parasites that need to complete their life cycles by utilizing host cell components and functions. Viruses use cell receptors to enter and then manipulate or hijack the host for self-replication. At the same time, the host might suppress the infection and viral replication by activating innate immunity and enforcing host restriction factors. By discovering and identifying host factors that promote or limit the virus, not only can we better understand the life cycle of the virus, but we can also provide potential host-directed antiviral therapy. Among the intensive virus–host counteractions, some pathways and interactions have commonality and similarities in a variety of viruses, providing feasible targets for broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. Such broad-targeting antivirals can not only prevent the spread and mutation of existing viruses but also cope with outbreaks of unknown new viruses. To date, host-directed therapy has been validated in treatment against Bunyavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and flavivirus. Studies on more host factors that affect the replication cycles of viruses will help us to develop new drugs to prevent the invasion, replication, assembly and budding of viruses during their life cycles.

This Special Issue will provide an up-to-date review of the latest progress and technologies in host-directed antiviral therapy, with important virus-associated host factors used as potential targets based on the host function dependence characteristic of a virus’ life cycle.

Dr. Leike Zhang
Prof. Dr. Ke Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • host-directed antivirals
  • antiviral agents
  • drug resistance
  • host factors
  • viral–host interplay

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

Jump to: Other

11 pages, 1151 KB  
Article
LL-37 Inhibits EV71 Infection by Upregulating STAC via the EGFR-ERK Signaling Pathway
by Jiaqi Zhang, Hanlin Zhang, Yi Chen, Hanfei Liu, Shuhuang Peng, Jiwei Zhao, Zhe Luan, Yujian Zhang, Meng Dong, Wanzhu Jin and Gang Sun
Viruses 2026, 18(4), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18040442 - 7 Apr 2026
Viewed by 615
Abstract
LL-37, a 37-amino acid human-derived antimicrobial peptide, was shown in our earlier clinical study to shorten the negative conversion time of the Omicron BA.5.1.3 variant of SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we investigated the broad mechanism of LL-37 by examining its inhibitory effect on [...] Read more.
LL-37, a 37-amino acid human-derived antimicrobial peptide, was shown in our earlier clinical study to shorten the negative conversion time of the Omicron BA.5.1.3 variant of SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we investigated the broad mechanism of LL-37 by examining its inhibitory effect on non-enveloped virus Enterovirus 71 (EV71). LL-37 treatment dose-dependently reduced EV71 viral RNA abundance, suppressed virus-encoded protein expression, and decreased infectious titers, acting predominantly at a post-entry stage of the viral life cycle. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the SH3 and cysteine-rich domain protein (Stac) was uniquely upregulated by LL-37 irrespective of EV71 infection. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated Stac silencing significantly enhanced EV71 infection, while Stac overexpression markedly reduced it. Furthermore, we found that LL-37 activates the EGFR–ERK signaling pathway, leading to time-dependent upregulation of Stac expression. These findings uncover a novel host-directed mechanism by which LL-37 combats EV71 infection and suggests a potential therapeutic use of LL-37 against non-enveloped viral disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Host Interactions: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research

10 pages, 501 KB  
Perspective
Potential Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on HIV-1 Reservoir in People Living with HIV
by Maurizio Federico
Viruses 2026, 18(2), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/v18020154 - 23 Jan 2026
Viewed by 2546
Abstract
People living with HIV-1 (PLWH) are part of the so-called “fragile” populations to which COVID-19 vaccines were/are strongly recommended. The fact that most widely used COVID-19 vaccines rely on the production of a biologically active SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein expressed by synthetic mRNA poses [...] Read more.
People living with HIV-1 (PLWH) are part of the so-called “fragile” populations to which COVID-19 vaccines were/are strongly recommended. The fact that most widely used COVID-19 vaccines rely on the production of a biologically active SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein expressed by synthetic mRNA poses the relevant question of whether and how this vaccination influences the fate of the HIV-1 reservoir. This report presents a detailed analysis of the literature data on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike and COVID-19 vaccines on HIV-1 latently infected cells. Despite being limited in number, the experimental evidences consistently indicate that vaccine mRNA and/or SARS-CoV-2 Spike can effectively reactivate latent HIV-1. This conclusion has been drawn after “in vitro”, “ex vivo”, and “in vivo” assays, and with virus-associated Spike, soluble Spike, or its intracellular expression, as well as with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. On the other hand, real-world observations on vaccinated PLWH under antiretroviral therapy (ART) provided evidence of HIV-1 reactivation almost exclusively in PLWH with unsuppressed viremia, as measured in terms of size of the HIV-1 reservoir. Although several issues still need to be clarified through urgent additional investigations, these data suggest the possibility that the Spike protein and/or the vaccine mRNA molecules affect the HIV-1 latency in PLWH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virus-Host Interactions: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop