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Viruses
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Multiple Hosts of SARS-CoV-2, 3rd Edition
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Multiple Hosts of SARS-CoV-2, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Coronaviruses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 421

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Suresh Varma Kuchipudi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
Interests: emerging and zoonotic viruses; mechanisms of spillover; virus-host interactions; viral diagnostics and interventions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Santhamani Ramasamy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Interests: SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and variant surveillance among animals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Both human and non-human animal species are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and multiple spillovers from humans to non-human animal hosts have been documented, including amongst companion animals, farmed animals, and captive as well as free-living wildlife. The recent findings of widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection in free-living white-tailed deer highlight an urgent need to address the many open questions relating to the role of various animal hosts in the natural ecology and evolution, pathogenesis, transmission dynamics, and host responses of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human animal hosts.

For this third edition of the Special Issue, we encourage colleagues to submit original manuscripts, case reports, and targeted reviews relating to the ecology and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in non-human animal hosts. Epidemiological and laboratory studies on reverse zoonoses, transmission dynamics at the animal–human interface, SARS-CoV-2 surveillance of animal populations, and the identification of animal reservoirs are strongly encouraged. Manuscripts describing comparative and mechanistic studies relating to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, host innate and adaptive immune responses, and virus adaptation in humans and animals are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Suresh Varma Kuchipudi
Dr. Santhamani Ramasamy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • animal–human interface
  • animal reservoirs
  • One Health
  • pathogenicity and pathogenesis
  • spillover and spillback
  • surveillance
  • virus evolution and adaptation
  • zoonoses and reverse zoonoses

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 2074 KiB  
Article
The ACE2 Receptor from Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus) and Pallid Bat (Antrozous pallidus) Support Attachment and Limited Infection of SARS-CoV-2 Viruses in Cell Culture
by Abhijeet Bakre, Ryan Sweeney, Edna Espinoza, David L. Suarez and Darrell R. Kapczynski
Viruses 2025, 17(4), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/v17040507 - 31 Mar 2025
Viewed by 270
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SC2) infection was confirmed in various animal species demonstrating a wide host range of the virus. Prior studies have shown that the ACE2 protein is the primary receptor used by the virus to [...] Read more.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SC2) infection was confirmed in various animal species demonstrating a wide host range of the virus. Prior studies have shown that the ACE2 protein is the primary receptor used by the virus to gain cellular entry and begin the replication cycle. In previous studies, we demonstrated that human and various bat ACE2 proteins can be utilized by SC2 viruses for entry. Bats are a suspected natural host of SC2 because of genetic homology with other bat coronaviruses. In this work, we demonstrate that expression of ACE2 genes from the common vampire bat (CVB) (Desmodus rotundus) and the pallid bat (PB) (Antrozous pallidus), supports infection and replication of some SC2 viruses in cell culture. Two cell lines were produced, CVB-ACE2 and PB-ACE2, expressing ACE2 from these bat species along with human TMPRSS2, in a model previously established using a non-permissive chicken DF-1 cell line. Results demonstrate that the original Wuhan lineage (WA1) virus and the Delta variant were able to infect and replicate in either of the bat ACE2 cell lines. In contrast, the Lambda and Omicron variant viruses infected both cell lines, but viral titers did not increase following infection. Viral detection using immunofluorescence demonstrated abundant spike (S) protein staining for the WA1 and Delta variants but little signal for the Lambda and Omicron variants. These studies demonstrate that while ACE2 from CVB and PB can be utilized by SC2 viruses to gain entry for infection, later variants (Lambda and Omicron) replicate poorly in these cell lines. These observations suggest more efficient human adaption in later SC2 variants that become less fit for replication in other animal species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiple Hosts of SARS-CoV-2, 3rd Edition)
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