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Viruses
Special Issues
Host Cell-Virus Interaction, 3rd Edition
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Host Cell-Virus Interaction, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Viruses (ISSN 1999-4915). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Immunology, Vaccines, and Antivirals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2024 | Viewed by 5319

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Parikshit Bagchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
Interests: host cell-virus interaction; intracellular trafficking of virus; membrane trafficking; non-enveloped viruses; positive sense RNA viruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anupam Mukherjee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Virology, ICMR-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra 411026, India
Interests: RNA virus; viral pathogenesis; host cell–virus interaction; RNAi; small RNA as therapeutics; targeted delivery; virus and cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Activation of immune responses is the key factor for host defense against any viral infections. Yet, viruses have also adapted several strategies to escape or suppress host resistance to make a proviral environment using the cellular machineries that represent the most important components of viral pathogenicity. As an obligate parasite, viruses are eventually reliant on the host cellular components for their replication via altering the cellular signal transduction pathways and immune evasion mechanisms, including escaping recognition from intracellular sensors, suppression of IFN-α/β production, NF-kappaB, dysregulation of inflammatory responses and inflammasome activation signals, RNA interference, modulation of autophagy and programmed cell-death mechanisms, and selection of genetic variants that escape from neutralizing antibodies.

Significant research on antivirals to combat viral infections is an extensive process, which requires multidisciplinary approaches. For any antiviral agents, such as synthetic drugs, chemical inhibitors, RNAi strategies of miRNAs or siRNAs, natural compounds, phytoconstituents, herbal or Ayurvedic formulations, and metallic nanoparticles, apparently there are two different strategies of antiviral drug discovery available, which are based on targeting the viral lifecycle and/or directing the host cellular factors. The modus operandi of antivirals characterization is fundamental for identification, prediction and understanding side-effects, drug interactions and the emergence of resistance, for increasing the spectrum of activity, and for improving antiviral efficacy.

For this Special Issue, we welcome original research papers, communications and review articles that contribute to an improved understanding of the molecular details of host cell–virus interaction through viral immune evasion and host defense mechanism during any viral infection. Furthermore, understanding the mechanism of action of host-centric and/or targeting viral lifecycle antivirals could further refine our understanding of virus–host interactions and the antiviral strategies for treatment and prophylaxis, which are essential to managing any active viral infections. Hence, we invite all researchers working in the field of viral lifecycle, pathogenesis, host responses and antiviral development to submit their research to this Special Issue to highlight recent advancements and further the discussion on host–virus interactions and prospective therapeutics.

Dr. Parikshit Bagchi
Dr. Anupam Mukherjee
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Viruses is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • virus
  • viral proteins
  • virus entry
  • viral replication and pathogenesis
  • virus assembly and egress
  • intracellular trafficking of virus
  • host cell
  • cellular signaling
  • interferon pathway
  • inflammasome
  • viral immune evasion
  • immune response
  • cell death
  • apoptosis
  • autophagy
  • host-virus interaction
  • anti-viral strategies
  • direct acting antivirals
  • broad-spectrum antiviral agents
  • RNAi
  • microRNAs
  • neutralizing antibodies
  • molecular mechanisms of antivirals
  • molecular mechanisms of drug-resistance

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 7272 KiB  
Article
Genetic and Biological Characteristics of Duck-Origin H4N6 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated in China in 2022
by Tian Li, Chuankuo Zhao, Yuxin Guo, Jinze Dong, Fanshu Du, Yong Zhou, Sicheng Shu, Yang Liu, Yachang Cheng, Zhiyong Cao, Qi Cao, Shuiping Shi, Yinhua Huang, Juan Pu and Litao Liu
Viruses 2024, 16(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16020207 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
The interaction between migratory birds and domestic waterfowl facilitates viral co-infections, leading to viral reassortment and the emergence of novel viruses. In 2022, samples were collected from duck farms around Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, China, which is located within the East Asia–Australasia [...] Read more.
The interaction between migratory birds and domestic waterfowl facilitates viral co-infections, leading to viral reassortment and the emergence of novel viruses. In 2022, samples were collected from duck farms around Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province, China, which is located within the East Asia–Australasia flyway. Three strains of H4N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) were isolated. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolated H4N6 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) belonged to new genotypes, G23 and G24. All isolated strains demonstrated dual receptor binding properties. Additionally, the isolated strains were able to replicate efficiently not only in avian cells but also in mammalian cells. Furthermore, the H4N6 AIV isolates could infect chickens, with viral replication detected in the lungs and extrapulmonary organs, and could transmit within chicken flocks through contact, with viral shedding detected only in oropharyngeal swabs from chickens in the contact group. Notably, the H4N6 AIV could infect mice without prior adaptation and replicate in the lungs with high viral titers, suggesting that it is a potential threat to humans. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the characteristics of H4N6 strains currently circulating in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Cell-Virus Interaction, 3rd Edition)
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17 pages, 4207 KiB  
Article
Early Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Spike Mutants Are Diversified in Virologic Properties but Elicit Compromised Antibody Responses
by Junhao Fan, Shixiong Li, Yao Zhang, Jihao Zheng, Dongfang Wang, Yunxi Liao, Zhibo Cui, Dongyu Zhao, Dan H. Barouch and Jingyou Yu
Viruses 2023, 15(12), 2401; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122401 - 09 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1127
Abstract
Despite the effective antivirals and vaccines, COVID-19 remains a public health concern. The mutations that occurred during the early stage of the pandemic can be valuable in assessing the viral fitness and evolutionary trajectory. In this study, we analyzed a panel of 2969 [...] Read more.
Despite the effective antivirals and vaccines, COVID-19 remains a public health concern. The mutations that occurred during the early stage of the pandemic can be valuable in assessing the viral fitness and evolutionary trajectory. In this study, we analyzed a panel of 2969 spike sequences deposited in GISAID before April 2020 and characterized nine representative spike single-point mutants in detail. Compared with the WA01/2020, most (8 out of 9) mutants demonstrated an equivalent or diminished protein expression or processing, pseudovirus infectivity, and cell–cell fusion. Interestingly, most of the mutants in native form elicited minimum antibody responses in mice despite unaltered CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. The mutants remained sensitive to the antisera and the type I interferon. Taken together, these data suggest that the early emerging mutants are virologically divergent, and some of which showed transmission fitness. Our findings have important implications for the retrospective tracing of the early SARS-CoV-2 transmission and future pandemic preparedness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Cell-Virus Interaction, 3rd Edition)
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Review

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21 pages, 2549 KiB  
Review
Potential Pathways and Pathophysiological Implications of Viral Infection-Driven Activation of Kallikrein–Kinin System (KKS)
by Sharton Vinícius Antunes Coelho, Fabiane Messner Augusto and Luciana Barros de Arruda
Viruses 2024, 16(2), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/v16020245 - 03 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1051
Abstract
Microcirculatory and coagulation disturbances commonly occur as pathological manifestations of systemic viral infections. Research exploring the role of the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) in flavivirus infections has recently linked microvascular dysfunctions to bradykinin (BK)-induced signaling of B2R, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) constitutively expressed [...] Read more.
Microcirculatory and coagulation disturbances commonly occur as pathological manifestations of systemic viral infections. Research exploring the role of the kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) in flavivirus infections has recently linked microvascular dysfunctions to bradykinin (BK)-induced signaling of B2R, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) constitutively expressed by endothelial cells. The relevance of KKS activation as an innate response to viral infections has gained increasing attention, particularly after the reports regarding thrombogenic events during COVID-19. BK receptor (B2R and B1R) signal transduction results in vascular permeability, edema formation, angiogenesis, and pain. Recent findings unveiling the role of KKS in viral pathogenesis include evidence of increased activation of KKS with elevated levels of BK and its metabolites in both intravascular and tissue milieu, as well as reports demonstrating that virus replication stimulates BKR expression. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms triggered by virus replication and by virus-induced inflammatory responses that may stimulate KKS. We also explore how KKS activation and BK signaling may impact virus pathogenesis and further discuss the potential therapeutic application of BKR antagonists in the treatment of hemorrhagic and respiratory diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Cell-Virus Interaction, 3rd Edition)
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Other

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9 pages, 1408 KiB  
Perspective
A Second Career for p53 as A Broad-Spectrum Antiviral?
by Joe B. Harford
Viruses 2023, 15(12), 2377; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122377 - 03 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1125
Abstract
As the world exits the global pandemic caused by the previously unknown SARS-CoV-2, we also mark the 30th anniversary of p53 being named “molecule of the year” by Science based on its role as a tumor suppressor. Although p53 was originally discovered in [...] Read more.
As the world exits the global pandemic caused by the previously unknown SARS-CoV-2, we also mark the 30th anniversary of p53 being named “molecule of the year” by Science based on its role as a tumor suppressor. Although p53 was originally discovered in association with a viral protein, studies on its role in preventing carcinogenesis have far overshadowed research related to p53′s role in viral infections. Nonetheless, there is an extensive body of scientific literature demonstrating that p53 is a critical component of host immune responses to viral infections. It is striking that diverse viruses have independently developed an impressive repertoire of varied mechanisms to counter the host defenses that are mediated by and through p53. The variety of ways developed by viruses to disrupt p53 in their hosts attests to the protein’s importance in combatting viral pathogens. The present perspective aims to make the case that p53 ought to be considered a virus suppressor in addition to a tumor suppressor. It is hoped that additional research aimed at more fully understanding the role of p53 in antiviral immunity will result in the world being better positioned for the next pandemic than it was when SARS-CoV-2 emerged to produce COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Host Cell-Virus Interaction, 3rd Edition)
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