The Total Life-Cycle Footprint of Electric Vehicles in Road Transportation

A special issue of Vehicles (ISSN 2624-8921).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 26581

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Interests: batteries; electric vehicles; recycling; life cycle assessment; sustainability; circular economy

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Guest Editor
WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
Interests: vehicle powertrain; engines; batteries; motors; power electronics; control system integration; vehicle thermal management; planning; delivery and commercialisation of R&D; innovation; IP

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Guest Editor
WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There has been a huge growth in the production and use of electric vehicles over the last 10 years as concern for the environment and the effect of carbon emissions on the global climate have become more pressing. This is only likely to increase as governments around the world look to ban the sale of internal combustion engine-powered passenger vehicles, some countries as early as 2025. However, this increase in usage of electric vehicles comes with other concerns, such as the consumption of technology metals such as lithium, cobalt and nickel, sustainable mining practices, embedded carbon emissions in both the manufacturing and use phases of electric vehicles (in comparison to conventional vehicles) and the recycling and reclamation of all the materials used in electric vehicles.

For this Special Issue of Vehicles entitled “The Total Life-Cycle Footprint of Electric Vehicles in Road Transportation”, we are seeking original contributions within this research area. Topics include but are not limited to:

  • Embedded emissions in the manufacturing of batteries, power electronics and electric vehicles
  • In-use phase of road transportation including improving the environmental performance of the electricity grid and comparison to conventional internal combustion engines
  • End-of-life routes for batteries and motor recycling and potential to apply circular economy principles

Prof. David Greenwood
Dr. Stuart Coles
Dr. Anwar Sattar
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Batteries
  • Power Electronics
  • Electric Vehicles
  • Life Cycle Assessment
  • Sustainability
  • Recycling
  • Circular Economy
  • Carbon Emissions
  • Embedded Carbon

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1338 KiB  
Article
Electrified Powertrain with Multiple Planetary Gears and Corresponding Energy Management Strategy
by Daizy Rajput, Jose M. Herreros, Mauro S. Innocente, Joschka Schaub and Arash M. Dizqah
Vehicles 2021, 3(3), 341-356; https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3030021 - 1 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4938
Abstract
Modern hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) like the fourth generation of Toyota Prius incorporate multiple planetary gears (PG) to interconnect various power components. Previous studies reported that increasing the number of planetary gears from one to two reduces energy consumption. However, these studies did [...] Read more.
Modern hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) like the fourth generation of Toyota Prius incorporate multiple planetary gears (PG) to interconnect various power components. Previous studies reported that increasing the number of planetary gears from one to two reduces energy consumption. However, these studies did not compare one PG and two PGs topologies at their optimal operation. Moreover, the size of the powertrain components are not the same and hence the source of reduction in energy consumption is not clear. This paper investigates the effect of the number of planetary gears on energy consumption under optimal operation of the powertrain components. The powertrains with one and two PGs are considered and an optimal simultaneous torque distribution and mode selection strategy is proposed. The proposed energy management strategy (EMS) optimally distributes torque demands amongst the power components whilst also controlling clutches (i.e., mode selection). Results show that increasing from one to two PGs reduces energy consumption by 4%. Full article
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21 pages, 359 KiB  
Review
Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market
by Jonathan Wellings, David Greenwood and Stuart R. Coles
Vehicles 2021, 3(4), 851-871; https://doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3040051 - 2 Dec 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 20143
Abstract
The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how [...] Read more.
The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined. Full article
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