Exploring Double Beta Decay: Probing Fundamental Properties of Neutrinos and Beyond

A special issue of Universe (ISSN 2218-1997). This special issue belongs to the section "High Energy Nuclear and Particle Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 1411

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Physics, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
2. Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Section of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: nuclear and subnuclear physics; astroparticle physics; underground physics; detectors developments
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to present recent and possible future developments in the field of double beta decay modes, which have very long half-lives and, therefore, are very difficult to observe in the laboratory. In particular, highly radiopure materials and deep underground laboratories, as well as materials that are enriched in specific radionuclides and sophisticated tools, are needed to achieve adequate suppression of background radiation. On the other hand, theoretical efforts are needed to highlight several related aspects, in particular topics such as the elements of the nuclear matrix, which represent the nuclear structure and cannot be measured separately. These topics must be evaluated theoretically and, due to the multifaceted nature of the problem, the results may differ by several factors, which has implications in the field.

This Special Issue is open to experimental investigations and theoretical calculations related to the various modes of double beta decay, as well as to developments in the areas of dedicated detectors and methodologies.

Prof. Dr. Rita Bernabei
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • experimental and theoretical topics on double beta decay modes
  • low-background detectors and methodologies
  • nuclear matrix

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 399 KiB  
Article
Correlating the 0νββ-Decay Amplitudes of 136Xe with the Ordinary Muon Capture (OMC) Rates of 136Ba
by Aagrah Agnihotri, Vikas Kumar and Jouni Suhonen
Universe 2025, 11(5), 138; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11050138 - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 115
Abstract
The potential correlation between the ordinary muon capture (OMC) on 136Ba and 0νββ decay of 136Xe is explored. For this, we compute 0νββ-decay amplitudes for intermediate states in 136Cs below 1 MeV of [...] Read more.
The potential correlation between the ordinary muon capture (OMC) on 136Ba and 0νββ decay of 136Xe is explored. For this, we compute 0νββ-decay amplitudes for intermediate states in 136Cs below 1 MeV of excitation and for angular-momentum values J5 by using the proton–neutron quasiparticle random-phase approximation (pnQRPA) and nuclear shell model (NSM). We compare these amplitudes with the corresponding OMC rates, computed in a previous Universe article (Universe 2023, 9, 270) for the same energy and angular-momentum ranges. The obtained results suggest that an extension of the present analysis to a wider energy and angular-momentum region could be highly beneficial for probing the 0νββ-decay nuclear matrix elements using experimental data on OMC rates to intermediate states of 0νββ decays. Full article
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15 pages, 828 KiB  
Article
New Results of the Experiment to Search for Double Beta Decay of 106Cd with Enriched 106CdWO4 Scintillator
by P. Belli, R. Bernabei, F. Cappella, V. Caracciolo, R. Cerulli, F. A. Danevich, A. Incicchitti, D. V. Kasperovych, V. R. Klavdiienko, V. V. Kobychev, A. Leoncini, V. Merlo, O. G. Polischuk and V. I. Tretyak
Universe 2025, 11(4), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe11040123 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 221
Abstract
In this article, we present current results of the experiment searching for double beta decay of 106Cd with the help of an enriched 106CdWO4 crystal scintillator in coincidence with two CdWO4 scintillation detectors. The experiment is carried out at [...] Read more.
In this article, we present current results of the experiment searching for double beta decay of 106Cd with the help of an enriched 106CdWO4 crystal scintillator in coincidence with two CdWO4 scintillation detectors. The experiment is carried out at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory of the National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNGS INFN, Italy). After 1075 days of data-taking, no double-beta effects were observed. New half-life limits have been set for the different modes and channels of double beta processes in 106Cd at the level of limT1/2=10201022 years. Full article
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13 pages, 690 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Electron Phase Shifts on ββ-Decay Kinematics
by Ovidiu Niţescu, Stefan Ghinescu and Fedor Šimkovic
Universe 2024, 10(12), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/universe10120442 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 737
Abstract
We reexamine the angular correlation between the emitted electrons in the double beta decay (DBD) of 100Mo, with particular attention to the impact of electronic wave function phase shifts. In the two-neutrino mode, the angular correlation factor increases modestly compared to calculations [...] Read more.
We reexamine the angular correlation between the emitted electrons in the double beta decay (DBD) of 100Mo, with particular attention to the impact of electronic wave function phase shifts. In the two-neutrino mode, the angular correlation factor increases modestly compared to calculations without phase shifts. However, a more detailed analysis of the angular correlation energy distributions uncovered a striking feature: electrons are most likely emitted in the same direction when one of them is below a certain energy threshold. We show that this feature is absent in previous Standard Model (SM) predictions and that phase shifts could also influence the angular correlations predicted by new physics models in two-neutrino DBD. For the neutrinoless mode, the direction flip is also present when phase shifts are included in the calculation. However, the angular correlation factor does not change much when phase shifts are taken into account, though our analysis is limited to the light neutrino exchange as the dominant mechanism. These findings highlight the subtle yet significant role that phase shifts can play in shaping electron emission patterns, influencing both SM and new physics predictions in DBD. Full article
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