Combating Tropical Envenomation

A Special Issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 1101

Editor


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Guest Editor
Research Group on Toxinology, Therapeutic and Food Alternatives, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 050010, Colombia
Interests: toxinology; antivenoms; biochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tropical envenomation remains a major neglected public health problem, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where access to rapid diagnosis and effective treatment is limited. Envenomations caused by snakes, scorpions, spiders, marine organisms, and other venomous animals contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality, often leading to long-term disabilities and severe socioeconomic impact. This Special Issue, entitled “Combating Tropical Envenomation”, presents current advances and ongoing challenges in understanding, diagnosing, and treating envenomations.

A deeper knowledge of venom composition and toxin activity is essential to clarify the mechanisms underlying systemic and local damage, including hemorrhage, neurotoxicity, coagulopathy, myonecrosis, nephrotoxicity, and inflammation. In this context, modern venomics and proteomics approaches have become indispensable for comprehensive toxin characterization, quantitative profiling, and the study of venom variability, providing clinically relevant information to support therapeutic development.

Equally important is the implementation of reliable diagnostic strategies to improve clinical decision-making. This Special Issue welcomes studies on clinical assays and diagnostic tools, including immunological methods, molecular platforms, and proteomic-based approaches for venom detection and accurate species identification.

On the other hand, improving antivenoms remains a central priority, as they remain the most effective treatment for many envenomations. Advances in toxin neutralization studies, antibody engineering, and recombinant technologies are driving the development of safer, more potent antivenoms, including monoclonal antibody-based alternatives. Furthermore, alternative therapeutics and adjunct treatments—such as small-molecule inhibitors, enzyme blockers, and anti-inflammatory or anticoagulant strategies—represent promising complementary approaches to reduce tissue damage and improve outcomes.

Overall, this Special Issue emphasizes the need for multidisciplinary research and international collaboration to strengthen venom research, diagnostic capacity, and therapeutic innovation, ultimately reducing the burden of tropical envenomation in developing countries.

Dr. Lina María Preciado Rojo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • antivenom development and optimization
  • venomics
  • proteomics
  • toxin characterization
  • clinical management
  • alternative therapeutics
  • species identification
  • small-molecule inhibitors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 984 KB  
Article
Exploiting the Property of a New Series of 1,2,3-Triazole Compounds as Inhibitors of In Vivo and In Vitro Toxic Effects Caused by Bothrops jararacussu Snake Venom
by Aldo Rodrigues da Silva, Ana Cláudia Rodrigues da Silva, Eladio Flores Sanchez, Gabriel Alves Souto de Aquino, Vitor Francisco Ferreira, Sabrina Baptista Ferreira and André Lopes Fuly
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2026, 11(8), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed11080224 - 11 Aug 2026
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Abstract
(1) Background: Snake bite envenomation is a neglected disease that affects impoverished and rural areas, causing deaths and physical sequelae. (2) Objective: A novel series of eight 1,2,3-triazole compounds, AM50, AM51, AM52, AM53, AM54, AM55, AM56, and AM57, were synthesized and assessed as [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Snake bite envenomation is a neglected disease that affects impoverished and rural areas, causing deaths and physical sequelae. (2) Objective: A novel series of eight 1,2,3-triazole compounds, AM50, AM51, AM52, AM53, AM54, AM55, AM56, and AM57, were synthesized and assessed as inhibitors of toxic activities of B. jararacussu venom. Methods: B. jararacussu venom was pre-incubated with each of the compounds and after the coagulant, proteolytic, hemorrhagic, edematogenic, and lethal activities were assessed. The structure of compounds was analyzed by NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques, and toxicity was predicted through OSIRIS and SwissADME. (3) Results: AM56 and AM57 inhibited the plasma coagulant and prevented hemorrhagic activity of the venom. Proteolysis and hemorrhage were inhibited by AM52, AM54, AM55, and AM56 (20–30%), as well as AM50, AM51, and AM57 (30–60%). AM57 fully protected the mice from death caused by venom, and AM50, AM53–AM57 inhibited edema of venom by 10–20%; AM51 and AM52 did not inhibit edema. In silico analysis of compounds revealed satisfactory parameters for drug discovery. (4) Conclusions: 1,2,3–triazole compounds inhibited the major toxic activities of B. jararacussu venom and should be considered as a lead for further investigation as adjunct of antivenom therapeutics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combating Tropical Envenomation)
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20 pages, 2413 KB  
Article
Venomics of the Anchor Coral Snake Micrurus ancoralis: Composition, Toxicological Profile, and Neutralization by Commercial Antivenom
by Paola Rey-Suárez, Jonard David Echavarría-Rentería, Jeisson Gómez-Robles, Jaime Andrés Pereañez, Mónica Saldarriaga-Córdoba, Bruno Lomonte, Julián Fernández and Vitelbina Núñez
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2026, 11(8), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed11080223 - 10 Aug 2026
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Abstract
Coral snakes of the American continent are classified into two genera, Micruroides and Micrurus, with as many as 91 species recognized in the latter. Although envenomings caused by Micrurus are rare, they can be life-threatening due to neurotoxic effects leading to flaccid [...] Read more.
Coral snakes of the American continent are classified into two genera, Micruroides and Micrurus, with as many as 91 species recognized in the latter. Although envenomings caused by Micrurus are rare, they can be life-threatening due to neurotoxic effects leading to flaccid paralysis and potential respiratory failure. Micrurus ancoralis is found in the Pacific lowlands and along the western slope of the cordillera occidental Cordillera in Colombia. Although this species is relatively common within its distribution range, its phylogenetic position and the characterization of its venom have not been investigated. The results of phylogenetic analysis placed M. ancoralis within the triadal/bicolor clade of species with the characteristic triad pattern and group bicolor. Proteomic characterization of the venom showed predominance of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes in its composition, with 51.7% of the total protein content, followed by three-finger toxins (3FTxs; 23.2%) and lower proportions of proteins belonging to several other minor families. Out of 28 chromatographic venom fractions obtained, the seven most abundant were evaluated for toxicity, with three of them (F7, identified as a 3FTx, and F18 and F20 (both identified as PLA2s)) showing lethal activity by the intraperitoneal route in mice. The PLA2 activity of F20 was confirmed and its edema-inducing, myotoxic, and lethal effects in mice were demonstrated. A therapeutic equine anti-coral antivenom (INS, Colombia) against coral snake envenomings immunorecognized the whole venom and its fractions in ELISA tests and was able to neutralize 2 × LD50 (medial lethal dose) of M. ancoralis venom by preincubation, with an estimated potency of at least 0.2 mg venom/mL antivenom. This result suggests that envenomings by M. ancoralis could be effectively treated by this antivenom. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Combating Tropical Envenomation)
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