Human Biomonitoring Studies: Environmental Pollution and Possible Risks to Human Health

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Exposome Analysis and Risk Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 443

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: human biomonitoring studies; air pollution; emerging pollutants; environmental pollution; health effects; analytical methods; reproduction effects

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Co-Guest Editor
Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: human biomonitoring; environmental contaminants; environment and human health; human exposure assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor Assistant
Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: human biomonitoring studies; air pollution; emerging pollutants; environmental pollution; health effects; analytical methods; reproduction effects

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chemicals are now an integral part of everyday life. The absence of prevention policies for many years has led to environmental pollution, including in water, in the air, in soil, and, considering that some substances can enter the food chain, in food. Added to this is professional exposure among workers. Exposure assessment is an important part of the process of estimating health risks and involves measuring or estimating the extent, frequency, and duration of exposure to a substance in the general population or in a specific group of individuals. Human biomonitoring measures the concentration of the contaminant (or its metabolites) in the human body, taking into account variables that would be difficult to consider, such as different exposure routes being active at the same time and individual susceptibilities. It allows us to measure the internal dose and the concentration of substances and/or their degradation products or metabolites (indicated as “exposure biomarkers”) directly in biological tissues (for example, urine, blood, breast milk, and hair), integrating all possible routes and sources of exposure. It therefore provides the sum of all possible exposures without providing a specific indication of the most relevant sources.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue. We welcome original research articles and reviews. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: human biomonitoring studies involving adults, children, women of reproductive age, or other susceptible population groups, exposure assessment, the derivation of determinants of exposure, spatial and temporal trends, hotspot investigations, and perspectives on health risks.

Dr. Valentina Marra
Dr. Anna Maria Ingelido
Guest Editors

Dr. Silvia Valentini
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • air pollution human biomonitoring
  • biological matrices (serum, urine, milk)
  • exposure assessment
  • exposure biomarkers
  • reproductive toxicity
  • adults
  • children
  • reproductive age
  • emerging compounds
  • persistent organic compounds

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 252 KB  
Article
Human Biomonitoring of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in Women Living in a Southern Italy Hotspot Area
by Roberto Miniero, Vittorio Abate, Annalisa Abballe, Tatiana Battista, Michele Conversano, Elena De Felip, Silvia De Luca, Anna Rita Fulgenzi, Nicola Iacovella, Anna Laura Iamiceli, Simona Insogna, Valentina Marra, Carmela Russo and Anna Maria Ingelido
Toxics 2025, 13(9), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090730 - 29 Aug 2025
Viewed by 238
Abstract
Taranto is the main harbor in Southern Italy and one of the most industrialized cities in the country, largely due to the presence of a large industrial area that includes a major oil refinery, a cement plant, and the former ILVA steel factory, [...] Read more.
Taranto is the main harbor in Southern Italy and one of the most industrialized cities in the country, largely due to the presence of a large industrial area that includes a major oil refinery, a cement plant, and the former ILVA steel factory, which is one of the largest steel plants in Europe. A human biomonitoring study was conducted on breast milk from two groups of women residing in areas with different levels of exposure to polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). The study aimed to assess the differences in exposure between the two groups of general people, with one group classified as “exposed” and the other as “non-exposed”. Between 2015 and 2018, 150 breast milk samples were collected: 76 from the exposed group and 74 from the non-exposed group. A specific questionnaire was also administered to the donors. The data were analyzed using a robust regression approach. The results showed significant differences in the concentrations of all analyte classes between the two groups. The difference in concentration from the non-exposed to the exposed group was highly significant (TOTTE, 5.70 vs. 7.35 pgWHO-TE/g, PCDD + PCDF 3.34 vs. 4.53 pgWHO-TE/g, DL-PCB 2.35 vs. 2.80 pgWHO-TE/g; p << 0.05), with the most notable difference observed for the Σ10 (PCDFs) family (~37%). Additionally, two distinct theoretical exposure profiles were identified: one for women residing in urban peripheries and another for those living in city/town centers. Women in the peripheries were characterized by a profile of four to six chlorinated dioxin/furan congeners plus two PCB congeners, while women in the city centers exhibited a profile of six to eight chlorinated PCDD and PCDF congeners plus five to six chlorinated PCBs. Among women residing in urban peripheries, those living in the peripheries of Statte and Taranto showed the highest exposure levels. All the results appear to witness the highest exposure of the exposed women deriving from the steel plant of concern. In addition, the highest exposure levels for the analytical sum of Σ6 (NDL-PCBs) were found in women from a municipality classified as non-exposed: Ginosa (periphery). Full article
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