Environmental Pollutants and Neurocognitive Disorders in Autochthones Populations Worldwide

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurotoxicity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 July 2025 | Viewed by 1333

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Endemic Diseases Samuel Pessoa, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brazil
Interests: mercury poisoning; neurologic; neurologic plumbism; arsenic encephalopathy; cadmium; air pollutants; environmental; indigenous health service; american Indians; First Nations; epidemiology; Amazon
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Departamento de Saneamento e Saúde Ambiental, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brazil
Interests: environmental health; risk assessment; environmental contamination; indigenous populations; Amazon; health communication

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Endemic Diseases Samuel Pessoa, Sergio Arouca National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21041-210, Brazil
Interests: environmental pollutants and neurocognitive disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Environmental Pollutants and Neurocognitive Disorders in Autochthones Populations Worldwide”, aims to showcase ongoing research focused on exploring and discussing current findings regarding neurocognitive disorders resulting from exposure to environmental pollutants. This issue emphasizes, but is not limited to, the detrimental effects of mercury poisoning associated with gold mining activities, particularly among indigenous and traditional populations globally. We invite authors to submit papers presenting their latest studies to enhance the visibility of this topic, contribute to resolving existing uncertainties, and highlight the perspectives of the native populations affected.

In recent years, the issue of global pollutants has gained significant attention on the public health agenda. Catastrophic events such as the Minamata disease outbreak, the Iraq grain poisoning incident, and mercury pollution from gold mining in Burkina Faso have resulted in numerous health problems for affected communities. Other notable incidents include the aluminum toxic spill in Hungary, the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon oil spills in the USA, lead poisoning in the Dominican Republic, the Bhopal gas tragedy in India, toxic waste dumping in the Ivory Coast, and the dioxin disaster in Seveso, Italy. These events underscore the relevance of this Special Issue. More recently, the Brumadinho dam collapse in Brazil and the impacts of illegal gold mining on traditional territories in the Amazon have affected numerous communities in Latin America, highlighting the need for contributions from researchers worldwide to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Paulo Cesar Basta
Dr. Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos
Dr. Sandra Hacon
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • mercury poisoning
  • neurologic
  • neurologic plumbism
  • arsenic encephalopathy
  • cadmium
  • air pollutants
  • environmental
  • indigenous health service
  • American Indians
  • First Nations
  • epidemiology
  • amazon

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1409 KiB  
Article
Burden of Disease Attributed to Prenatal Methylmercury Exposure in the Yanomami Indigenous Land
by Ana Claudia Santiago de Vasconcellos, Raiane Fontes de Oliveira, Marcos Wesley Oliveira and Paulo Cesar Basta
Toxics 2025, 13(5), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13050339 - 25 Apr 2025
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Abstract
The Yanomami Indigenous Land (YIL) is heavily impacted by illegal gold mining, leading to significant contamination by methylmercury, a neurotoxin that poses severe risks to human health. The fetal brain is particularly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of methylmercury, which can result in [...] Read more.
The Yanomami Indigenous Land (YIL) is heavily impacted by illegal gold mining, leading to significant contamination by methylmercury, a neurotoxin that poses severe risks to human health. The fetal brain is particularly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of methylmercury, which can result in mild mental retardation (MMR). The goal of this study was to estimate the burden of disease (BoD) associated with methylmercury exposure in the YIL and its economic implications. The BoD calculations followed World Health Organization (WHO) methodologies. To estimate the local BoD, hair samples were collected from women of childbearing age in the Waikás, Mucajaí, Paapiu, and Maturacá regions. For broader estimates, data from the scientific literature were used. The average hair methylmercury concentrations in these investigated regions were 6.21 µg/g, 3.86 µg/g, 3.53 µg/g, and 2.96 µg/g, respectively. The MMR incidence rate (IR) in children ranged from 2.08 to 4.47 per 1000 in these regions. The Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) per 1000 births varied from 24.8 to 53.4. In the Worst-Case Scenario, MMR-IR reached 9 per 1000, with DALYs per 1000 births rising to 109.6. The estimated economic impact of methylmercury exposure ranged from USD 716,750 to USD 3,153,700. This study is the first to quantify the MMR incidence due to mercury in the YIL, highlighting the severe threat posed by gold mining to the health and survival of the Yanomami people. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 1395 KiB  
Review
Review of Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Fish Exposed to Cadmium
by Ju-Wook Lee, A-Hyun Jo, Yue-Jai Kang, Dain Lee, Cheol-Young Choi, Ju-Chan Kang and Jun-Hwan Kim
Toxics 2025, 13(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13010007 - 25 Dec 2024
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Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic substance in the aquatic ecosystem, which can represent a high risk to fish. Fish are exposed to heavy metals through waterborne and dietary pathways, some of which are absorbed by the body and can accumulate in specific [...] Read more.
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic substance in the aquatic ecosystem, which can represent a high risk to fish. Fish are exposed to heavy metals through waterborne and dietary pathways, some of which are absorbed by the body and can accumulate in specific tissues without being eliminated. The accumulation varies depending on several factors such as dose, exposure route, exposure time, metal types, and biological status of the fish, and environmental parameters such as DO, salinity, pH, and metal speciation. As Cd speciation occurs in the water, the amount accumulated in the fish can vary, and consuming Cd-accumulated fish can pose a risk to human health. Cd introduced into the body of fish can directly affect blood properties through the circulatory system. Cd introduced into the circulatory system of fish can reach all tissues through the blood flow, and the accumulation of specific tissues is different depending on the blood flow by the energy and oxygen demand of each tissue. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the toxic effects of Cd exposure in fish and identify indicators to assess the extent of Cd bioaccumulation toxicity in fish induced by Cd exposure. Full article
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