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Toxics
Special Issues
Health Effects of Air Pollution on Children and Adolescents
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Health Effects of Air Pollution on Children and Adolescents

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Pollution and Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 1458

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jing Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
Interests: air pollution; environmental risk assessment; toxicology; child and adolescent health

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Children and adolescents, with their still-maturing physiological systems, are especially vulnerable to air pollutants like fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone, and nitrogen oxides. This Special Issue on "Health Effects of Air Pollution on Children and Adolescents" delves into a topic of utmost significance. It will comprehensively explore the wide-ranging health impacts that air pollution has on the younger population.

The research articles within this Special Issue will cover multiple dimensions. Respiratory problems, such as asthma exacerbations and reduced lung function, will be a major focus; cardiovascular and neural or mental effects will also receive attention. Moreover, potential long-term developmental consequences like cognitive and behavioral issues will be explored. The findings in this Special Issue will help us to understand the effects and mechanisms of air pollutants on children's health and provide support for the development of health-oriented air pollution control policies for vulnerable populations.

Dr. Jing Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air pollution
  • health effects
  • PM2.5
  • ozone
  • nitrogen oxides
  • children
  • adolescents

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 994 KB  
Article
Effects of Prenatal Exposure to Ozone, Heatwave and Green Space on Neonatal Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control Study in Eastern China
by Weizhe Zhang, Tiezheng Li, Leiyu Shi, Die Li and Mary A. Fox
Toxics 2025, 13(9), 716; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13090716 - 26 Aug 2025
Viewed by 433
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect. Ozone and heatwave exposure during pregnancy could increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Green space might be associated with beneficial birth outcomes. The research on the combined effects of those exposures on [...] Read more.
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most prevalent birth defect. Ozone and heatwave exposure during pregnancy could increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes. Green space might be associated with beneficial birth outcomes. The research on the combined effects of those exposures on CHD is limited. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter case–control study based on a surveillance system in Zhejiang Province, China, to explore the effect of ozone, heatwave, and green space exposure during early pregnancy on CHD and their interaction. The inverse distance weighting method and normalized difference vegetation index were applied to assess maternal ozone and green space exposure, respectively. The heatwave definition is from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Our study reveals positive associations of heatwave and ozone exposure with CHD (ozone: OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13; heatwave: OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.40), and green space in different buffers around residence exerted protective effects on CHD, with ORs ranging from 0.93 to 0.94. Associations between ozone and CHD were weakened among participants with higher NDVI. Ozone’s effects on CHD were stronger with the increased duration of heatwave exposure. Our study indicates that ozone and heatwave exposure could increase the risk of CHD, and high green space is a protective factor for CHD. Meanwhile, high green space exposure could attenuate the effect of ozone on CHD, but heatwave exposure strengthened it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Effects of Air Pollution on Children and Adolescents)
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14 pages, 596 KB  
Article
Maternal Exposure to Ambient Ozone and Fetal Critical Congenital Heart Disease in China: A Large Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study
by Yanping Ruan, Yaqi Wang, Zhiyong Zou, Jing Li and Yihua He
Toxics 2025, 13(6), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics13060463 - 31 May 2025
Viewed by 709
Abstract
The relevance of O3 exposure in critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) remains uncertain and requires further investigation. The present study aims at quantitatively assessing the association between ambient O3 exposure during the early pregnancy period with fetal CCHD and identifying possible [...] Read more.
The relevance of O3 exposure in critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) remains uncertain and requires further investigation. The present study aims at quantitatively assessing the association between ambient O3 exposure during the early pregnancy period with fetal CCHD and identifying possible susceptible exposure windows. A retrospective cohort study involving 24,516 pregnant women was conducted using data from the Maternal–Fetal Medicine Consultation Network, which encompassed 1313 medical centers across China from 2013 to 2021. We extracted daily O3 concentrations from a validated grid dataset with a spatial resolution of 0.1° at each participant’s residential county to assess ambient O3 exposure, followed by calculating the average exposure levels in the periconceptional period, embryonic period, first trimester, and preconception period. The diagnosis of CCHD was based on fetal echocardiography. Exposure–response analyses were carried out using logistic regression models. During the study period, a total of 1541 (17.4%) subjects were diagnosed with fetal CCHD. Each 10 µg/m3 increase in ambient O3 exposure in the periconceptional period was associated with a 26.0% increase in the odds of CCHD (odds ratio [OR]: 1.260, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.189, 1.335; p < 0.001). Importantly, the association was not modified by factors including maternal age and occupation status, paternal age and smoking status, conception mode, and the presence of risk factors. In the sensitivity analysis, significant associations were observed between O3 exposure and CCHD in the embryonic period, first trimester, and preconception period, which was consistent with the results of the main analyses. These findings suggest that lowering ambient O3 exposure in the preconception and early pregnancy periods may be beneficial in reducing the risk of fetal CCHD, especially in regions with elevated O3 levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Health Effects of Air Pollution on Children and Adolescents)
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