Environmental Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants: Determination and Implications for Food Safety and Public Health

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Exposome Analysis and Risk Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2026 | Viewed by 869

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: food contamination and safety; environmental exposure assessment; bioaccumulation in food chains; human biomonitoring; waste incineration and industrial pollution; persistent organic pollutants (POPs)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Human Exposure to Environmental Contaminants Unit, Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: human biomonitoring of POPs; environmental monitoring of POPs; exposure to chemicals of general and vulnerable populations; dietary exposure to environmental contaminants; congener specific analyses of POPs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Persistent Organic Pollutants remain a major global health challenge due to their persistence, bioaccumulative properties and documented toxic effects. Despite international regulations, human exposure continues through multiple pathways, with dietary intake as the predominant route in the general population. Lipophilic Persistent Organic Pollutants such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans and polychlorinated biphenyls accumulate in fat-rich foods of animal origin (meat, dairy, fish and eggs) and may contaminate crops via soil, irrigation water and atmospheric deposition. Additional exposure occurs through inhalation of polluted air, ingestion of contaminated water or soil and occupational contact in high-risk industries.

Even low-level contamination can result in significant body burdens over time, underscoring the need for accurate exposure assessment. Human biomonitoring provides integrated data across all routes, while monitoring food, biota and environmental matrices enables source identification, trend analysis and emergency response. Robust analytical methods and harmonized protocols are essential for reliable quantification and effective risk management.

This Special Issue invites original research, reviews and methodological papers addressing advances in Persistent Organic Pollutants exposure assessment, innovative sampling strategies, sensitive analytical techniques and biomonitoring approaches. Contributions integrating occurrence data into risk assessment frameworks, as well as studies on spatial and temporal trends and source attribution, are particularly encouraged. Relevant topics include:

  • Food contamination and safety implications
  • Human biomonitoring and bioaccumulation in food chains
  • Analytical methods for biological and environmental matrices
  • Risk assessment and public health responses
  • Emergency surveillance frameworks for contamination events

Our aim is to provide a comprehensive platform for research that strengthens evidence-based decision-making and regulatory compliance.

Dr. Stefania Paola De Filippis
Dr. Elena Dellatte
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • persistent organic pollutants
  • bioaccumulation
  • food contamination
  • human biomonitoring
  • exposure assessment
  • analytical methods
  • public health risk
  • dioxins and PCBs
  • food chain
  • emergency surveillance

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 679 KB  
Article
The Characteristics of PCDD/F and PCB Occurrence and the Effect of Age in Matched Tissues of Cattle and Sheep from Southern Italy
by Roberta Ceci, Gianfranco Diletti, Giampiero Scortichini, Ettore Franco, Angelo Pellegrino, Iain R. Lake and Alwyn R. Fernandes
Toxics 2026, 14(4), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics14040348 - 21 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Toxic environmental contaminants, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) occur differentially in animal tissues. This study examined paired liver and muscle tissues from the same animals, reducing the uncertainty inherent in other studies that source tissues [...] Read more.
Toxic environmental contaminants, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) occur differentially in animal tissues. This study examined paired liver and muscle tissues from the same animals, reducing the uncertainty inherent in other studies that source tissues from different animals. Investigations were carried out on cattle and sheep from two separate herds in Southern Italy. As all animals experienced the same environmental impacts, husbandry, and feed regimes, contaminant distribution between tissues would result from physiological considerations, which would also allow for better examination of the effects of age. In both investigations, PCDD/F and PCB concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the liver relative to muscle. A characteristic occurrence pattern showed PCBs dominating the combined toxic equivalence (TEQ) by >95% in cattle tissues and 78% and 67% in sheep muscle and liver, respectively. A majority of liver samples exceeded regulated maximum limits, and the herds were excluded from the food supply. Subsequent regional monitoring showed regulatory compliance of cattle/sheep meat and liver, but prominence of PCB-TEQ persisted. Concentrations of both contaminants declined strongly in the tissues of both species with increasing age of juveniles but stabilized in older animals (>one year in sheep; 2/3 years in cattle). Although weight gain might partly account for this pattern, the initial decline may also relate to inadequate levels of CYP enzymes in the youngest juveniles, but this would need to be confirmed in both species by targeted toxicokinetic studies during this perinatal period. The expression of these detoxifying enzymes is reported to rise rapidly with increasing postnatal age in many animal species, including sheep. Full article
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