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From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?
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From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Tourism, Culture, and Heritage".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 October 2023) | Viewed by 17208

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Timo Ohnmacht

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Tourism and Mobility - Lucerne School of Business, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland
Interests: transportation studies; sustainability studies; quantitative statistics; tourism
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anna Para

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Tourism and Mobility - Lucerne School of Business, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland
Interests: tourism and hospitality management; digitalization in tourism; international management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID-19 pandemic is an external shock that struck the global travel industry. How tourism will evolve in the post-pandemic world is still unknown, and this creates an interesting research field. External shocks with enormous negative effects on international tourism that have previously been studied in academia include disasters such as the SARS epidemic (Page et al., 2006), the Ebola epidemic (Mizrachi and Fuchs, 2016), the financial crisis of 2008 (Smeral, 2009), and the Arab Spring of 2010 (Perles-Ribes et al., 2017). Other crises include terrorist attacks such as 9/11 (Kosová and Enz, 2012) or the bombings in Bali (Gurtner, 2016), as well as natural disasters such as earthquakes (Wearing et al., 2020) or the Australian bushfires (Schweinsberg et al., 2020). Each crisis provided not only negative effects, but also opportunities for change, and—from a research perspective—new knowledge about coping strategies, as well as possible future scenarios for the tourism industry.

This Special Issue “From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?” addresses key changes and current opportunities in tourism and business, covering a wide range of topics related to negative external shock caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Special Issue, we aim to cover both tourism demand and supply. Selected papers may address the issues of changes in demand; for instance, tourists' cognitive, emotional, and behavioural reactions for negative shock; shifts in consumer behaviour and changes in travel behaviour; characteristics of a crisis and resulting changes in demand. Authors are welcome to submit papers on coping strategies from different perspectives, and focus on crisis management in tourism, structural changes in the global tourism and hospitality sectors, public measures to promote tourism after crises, (sustainable) recovery strategies for the tourism industry, or strategies for the crisis preparedness of tourist destinations. We also invite papers that engage with the impact of the pandemic on sustainable tourism, answering the questions about the long-term effects of COVID-19 and the future of responsible and sustainable tourism after the crisis. This Special Issue also aims to cover the broad topic of current and future opportunities for the tourism industry; for example, in the form of adaptation and reinvention of business models with a focus on hygiene issues, as well as non-pharmaceutical interventions.

This Special Issue will include extended and enriched versions of selected peer-reviewed papers presented at the 4th International Conference on Tourism and Business (ICTB) (https://www.hslu.ch/en/lucerne-school-of-business/research/conferences/ictb). The conference will be held in Lucerne, Switzerland, 24-27 August 2022. The 4th International Conference on Tourism and Business (ICTB) will be jointly organised by the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (Switzerland), Mahidol University International College (Thailand), and Edinburgh Napier University (Scotland).

We welcome papers concentrating on local, regional and international perspectives on tourism recovery and resilience, with special attention to comparison of different regions of countries. This Special Issue accepts both theoretical papers and empirical research papers using qualitative methods, quantitative methods, and mixed-methods research.

Prof. Dr. Timo Ohnmacht
Dr. Anna Para
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • tourism
  • external shock
  • COVID-19
  • resilience
  • crisis management

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 142 KiB  
Editorial
From Over-Tourism to Zero Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?
by Anna Para and Timo Ohnmacht
Sustainability 2023, 15(10), 7873; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15107873 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1661
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic remains one of the greatest external shocks to cause a global crisis and strike the global travel industry [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

18 pages, 1715 KiB  
Article
Local Economic Impact of COVID-19 on the Urban Tourism-Related Services: A Perspective of Kochi Heritage City, Kerala
by Fazlur Rahman, Norhazliza abd Halim, Abdul Ahad, Aftab Alam and Kahkashan Noor
Sustainability 2023, 15(24), 16585; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152416585 - 6 Dec 2023
Viewed by 928
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had extremely distressful consequences for the service-providing industries, especially in the sector of tourism. The world is showing a move towards the recovery stage; however, the process has observed a lag in recovery because of a gap in the [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic has had extremely distressful consequences for the service-providing industries, especially in the sector of tourism. The world is showing a move towards the recovery stage; however, the process has observed a lag in recovery because of a gap in the literature on measuring the local economic impact of COVID-19 on the employability of urban tourism. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the economic impact of COVID-19 on the local market and other tourism-related services in Kochi Heritage City, Kerala. Quantitative research was performed based on stratified sampling with a questionnaire survey among 398 respondents. Data were analyzed descriptively to evaluate the impact and measure the significant difference statistically through a one-sample t-test and a one-way ANOVA. Findings revealed that employability from tourism-related services has observed an adverse impact of COVID-19 by a dip in the local economy in terms of earning reduction, whereas the impact on jobs and reduction in working hours were lopsided. Hence, in identifying the effect of COVID-19 on urban tourism and its sub-scaled classes, it contributes more effectively by intervening with recovery and supporting the local economy through a balanced allocation of financial assistance to the economic dip in Kochi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?)
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24 pages, 564 KiB  
Article
Feminine vs. Masculine: Expectations of Leadership Styles in Hotels during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Magdalena Kachniewska and Anna Para
Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10602; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310602 - 5 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1686
Abstract
Tourism and hospitality were among the first sectors to be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and are still recovering from the crisis. In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a package of precautionary measures taken to contain the virus brought tourist [...] Read more.
Tourism and hospitality were among the first sectors to be severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and are still recovering from the crisis. In the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a package of precautionary measures taken to contain the virus brought tourist activities to a complete standstill and changed tourists’ expectations and behavioral patterns. The COVID-19 pandemic presented the ultimate test for organizational leaders, who had had no chance to prepare (themselves) for the challenges that were to come. The leaders had to face uncertainty and make decisions that impacted the companies’ future success, understood as their continued existence. This study provides an up-to-date and innovative contribution to the areas of leadership and staff turnover in the hospitality industry from the perspective of transformational leadership theory. This article explores the leadership adopted by hotel managers in Poland during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic from March to December 2020 and offers useful insights into employees’ expectations towards leaders. A mixed methods approach was applied in the study, including focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted in 35 hotels with 204 participants. The results point out that respondents preferred a feminine leadership style, at least in times of crisis, and thus statistically they most often cited “inclusivity, collaboration and empowerment”, “empathy and care”, and “transparency and communication” as desirable examples of leadership attributes. On the other hand, masculine attributes of crisis leadership, i.e., “resilience and courage” and “decisiveness and risk-taking” were indicated less frequently. An interesting result was a significant pool of responses indicating the search for various ways of adaptive leadership. This study provides a more nuanced, comprehensive assessment of the quality of staff attitudes in off-chain hotels in Poland, taking into account the impact of leadership style on staff turnover at the business unit level. The leadership lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic could possibly shed light on some key actionable attributes and skills that future leaders will need to develop to overcome (at least in the initial phases) any future crisis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?)
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18 pages, 1658 KiB  
Article
Benefits and Barriers of Digital Procurement: Lessons from an Airport Company
by Joel R. Motaung and Portia Pearl Siyanda Sifolo
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4610; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054610 - 4 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6507
Abstract
Implementing a well-integrated procurement system and applying uniform practices to achieve the strategic goals of any company is a complex phenomenon. Navigating the digital procurement systems in achieving supply-chain resilience remains a predicament. Framed within the technology acceptance model (TAM), which is a [...] Read more.
Implementing a well-integrated procurement system and applying uniform practices to achieve the strategic goals of any company is a complex phenomenon. Navigating the digital procurement systems in achieving supply-chain resilience remains a predicament. Framed within the technology acceptance model (TAM), which is a key model in understanding the predictors of human behaviour toward the potential acceptance or rejection of the technology. This study explored the benefits and barriers of digital procurement at Airports Company South Africa (ACSA). A qualitative approach in a form of a single holistic case study design was adopted. The sample involved 18 employees and individuals who were supply chain management (SCM), information technology (IT), and programme management office (PMO) professionals. Semi-structured interviews conducted focused on those with extensive experience on procurement, digital technologies, procurement automation or the implementation of transformation programmes. Digital procurement is a value-adding function at ACSA with the possibilities of providing cost reduction in the supply chain. However, the participants highlighted job losses, cyber security, lack of interoperability, lack of skills and system downtimes as obstacles affecting the adoption of digital procurement and as organizational barriers. The infusion of digital technologies into various aspects of organisational processes and outcomes remains a complex, dynamic, fluid, and volatile phenomenon. A framework highlighting critical focus areas when it comes to the adoption of digital procurement of digitalization is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?)
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13 pages, 471 KiB  
Article
Crisis Management Strategy for Recovery of Small and Medium Hotels after the COVID-19 Pandemic in Thailand
by Niramol Promnil and Maythawin Polnyotee
Sustainability 2023, 15(5), 4194; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054194 - 25 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3567
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has created serious and complex challenges for the hospitality industry. A body of literature has identified crisis management practices in the hotel industry at different phases of the crisis. However, the existing literature mainly includes research on large and leading [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 crisis has created serious and complex challenges for the hospitality industry. A body of literature has identified crisis management practices in the hotel industry at different phases of the crisis. However, the existing literature mainly includes research on large and leading hotels, and knowledge of crisis management practices for small and medium-sized (SME) hotels, particularly at the recovery stage of the crisis, is limited. This paper explores the post-COVID recovery strategies of 386 SME hotels in the upper northern part of Thailand. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the proposed hypothesis. The results indicate that customer relations (CR)-related and service provision (SV)-related strategies significantly affect SME hotel recovery. Meanwhile, cost-saving (CS) and revenue management (RM) strategies do not have a direct effect but are associated with CR and SV in facilitating SME hotel recovery. This paper provides useful information to assist SME hotel owners and managers in managing how to recover from the pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?)
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10 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Do Charity or Non-Charity Sporting Events Have a Greater Influence on Participants’ Warm Glow?: An Experimental Survey
by Watchara Chiengkul, Patcharaporn Mahasuweerachai and Chompoonut Suttikun
Sustainability 2022, 14(24), 16593; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416593 - 11 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1438
Abstract
Although the literature shows that consuming pro-social products increases warm glow, a psychological factor that contributes to consumer experience and satisfaction, it is unclear whether participating in a charity sporting event results in the same outcome. This research addresses this gap by testing [...] Read more.
Although the literature shows that consuming pro-social products increases warm glow, a psychological factor that contributes to consumer experience and satisfaction, it is unclear whether participating in a charity sporting event results in the same outcome. This research addresses this gap by testing the effects of participating in charity running events and altruism on the warm glow of participants. A scenario-based survey was employed to collect data from 180 respondents who had previously participated in charity running events. Multiple regression analysis results showed that participating in a charity (vs. non-charity) running event increased participants’ warm glow. Altruism also had a significant positive impact on their warm glow; however, this effect was independent of the percentage of proceeds donated by the event to charity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue From Over-Tourism to Zero-Tourism: Opportunities for a New Beginning?)
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