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Sustainability Methodologies for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: Highlights on the Most Relevant Standards

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Tourism, Culture, and Heritage".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 13 November 2025 | Viewed by 5973

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Istituti Santapaola-Restoration Department, Mantova, Italy
Interests: diagnostic studies on deterioration of built heritage and wall paintings; in laboratory assessment of innovative materials appropriate for heritage objects; cleaning consolidation and protection of heritage objects

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Guest Editor
National Research Council of Italy Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Padua, Italy
Interests: climate change; indoor and outdoor microclimate; cultural heritage
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A scientific approach is nowadays essential for the conservation of tangible cultural heritage and for the preservation of its significance for present and future generations. Only thanks to a sound scientific knowledge of the materials constituting the artefact and their environmental and conservation conditions it is possible to intervene properly for the realization of the conservation plan.

To acquire a common unified scientific approach to the problems relevant to the preservation and conservation of cultural heritage is essential to promote a specific European standardisation activity which would help conservation professionals in their restoration and conservation work, ensuring at the same time the possibility for European experts to exchange information on test and analyses methods for the conservation of cultural heritage.

Standards contribute to use sustainability methodologies for preservation of tangible cultural heritage. The widespread dissemination of the published standards is especially addressed to stakeholders of cultural heritage (monuments, buildings, museums, archives, libraries and collections) such as conservation scientists, conservator-restorers, architects, custodians, archaeologists, engineers, planners, craftsmen, energy advisers, national authorities, transport and insurance companies, etc.

Some of the research areas involved are on

  • Microclimate in relation to the appropriate environmental conditions for conservation of heritage objects in museum and collection centres;
  • Stone decay and conservation of historic buildings
  • Cleaning methodologies of heritage objects
  • Consolidation of deteriorated built heritage
  • Decay and conservation of archaeological woods and historic timber structure

Some suggested (not exhaustive) themes of papers

  • Protection and conservation of works of art in the exhibition configuration and during handling and transport.
  • European standards to evaluate cleaning operations for built heritage.
  • European standards to evaluate the performance of surface protective substances for historic buildings and wall paintings.
  • European standards for moist archaeological woods – theoretical aspects and applications.
  • European standards on the environmental physical parameters for the preservation of heritage objects.
  • Future perspective for the ISO TC349 Cultural Heritage Conservation: from European to International standards

Prof. Dr. Vasco Fassina
Prof. Dr. Dario Camuffo
Dr. Antonio Sansonetti
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • microclimate for cultural heritage
  • built heritage: decay and conservation
  • CEN TC 346 conservation of cultural heritage
  • EN standards
  • collections of heritage objects, historic buildings consolidation and protection
  • waterlogged wood, case studies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 8952 KiB  
Article
The Activity of the European Standardization Committee CEN/TC 346 Conservation of Cultural Heritage from 2004 to 2020
by Vasco Fassina
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 1992; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17051992 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 923
Abstract
The contribution aims to summarize the huge amount of work carried out by CEN TC 346, the European committee for standardization of cultural heritage, from its establishment in 2004 to the present. A specific European standardization activity in the field of cultural heritage [...] Read more.
The contribution aims to summarize the huge amount of work carried out by CEN TC 346, the European committee for standardization of cultural heritage, from its establishment in 2004 to the present. A specific European standardization activity in the field of cultural heritage conservation was proposed to ensure a shared, science-based approach in order to guarantee best practices, more effective planning and implementation, and obtaining the best results. The work program was initially based on five working groups which had the responsibility to manage a few standardization projects according to the human resources initially available. Over time, the work program was implemented thanks to the active contributions of European member countries. Notwithstanding, standards were developed according to a need-based approach; it is possible to individuate a certain coherence in their development, very similar to a matrix approach. As a consequence, eight topics were presented and discussed, and four of them were strictly related to the issues discussed in the general document related to the conservation process. The remaining topics dealt with building management for storage heritage collections, monitoring of archaeological deposits for preservation in situ, handling of movable objects and finally the procurement of conservation services and works. The potential direct impact on the environment and also benefits to the sustainability of cultural heritage have been taken into account for each standard proposed. Full article
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35 pages, 746 KiB  
Article
Critical Review of the Application of the Principal International Standards and Guidelines on Indoor Microclimates for the Preventive Conservation of Cultural Heritage
by Tiziano Dalla Mora, Maria Antonietta De Vivo, Massimiliano Scarpa and Fabio Peron
Sustainability 2025, 17(3), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031189 - 1 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1814
Abstract
Assessments of indoor microclimates are the first act of preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Interest in this subject has led to the development of an increasing number of standards and guidelines. This critical review examines the application of the main standards and guidelines [...] Read more.
Assessments of indoor microclimates are the first act of preventive conservation of cultural heritage. Interest in this subject has led to the development of an increasing number of standards and guidelines. This critical review examines the application of the main standards and guidelines for indoor microclimates for the preventive conservation of cultural heritage and proposes their synthesis in a common framework. In this manner, this study tries to shed light on their coordination and to propose guidance for better understanding and application. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of guidelines: the first is based on the fixed values of specific parameters, used as limits for the best preservation of the various materials, whereas the second identifies the historical microclimate specific to the environment as the reference for appropriate preservation, especially in the case of organic and hygroscopic materials. After analysing different standards and guidelines, the various parameters and calculation methods are discussed and summarised in a table for a synoptic comparison. Full article
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