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Smart Solutions and Technologies for Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Buildings—2nd Edition

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Building".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 6228

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bld. 9, 90131 Palermo, Italy
Interests: dynamic building simulation; sustainable buildings; sustainable materials for the construction sector; innovative building envelope components; green roofs; building energy efficiency; indoor thermal comfort; lighting; acoustics; HVAC systems; urban energy efficiency; urban environmental sustainability; climate change resilient buildings; urban climate change resilience; urban energy resilience; outdoor environmental quality; atmospheric pollution; renewable energy sources; sustainable urban mobility
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Bld. 9, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: sustainable buildings; sustainable materials for the construction sector; innovative building envelope components; green roofs; building energy efficiency; indoor thermal comfort; environmental labelling; life cycle assessment; climate change resilient buildings; urban climate change resilience; urban energy resilience; sustainable urban mobility
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Interests: smart solution and technologies for sustainable buildings; climate change resilience; environmental sustainability; sustainable urban environments; energy efficiency in buildings; dynamic building simulation; sustainable mobility; building energy efficiency; resilient buildings; urban environmental sustainability; urban energy resilience; urban environmental resilience; indoor and outdoor environmental quality; HVACs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy-efficient and decarbonized built environments are central to the transition towards a more environmentally and economically sustainable and resilient society, especially within the current and future climate change and energy crisis scenarios. According to the most recent available reports, urban settlements are responsible for 25%–40% of global energy use, corresponding to 17.5%–39% of energy-use-related carbon emissions. Moreover, it should be considered that built areas are subject to a continuous urbanization process (due to both demographic variations and migratory flows) that requires a constant supply of energy, thereby causing significant pollutant emissions. Therefore, to address these needs, the issues concerning buildings and overall urban energy efficiency and carbon neutrality have been increasingly integrated into global policies and regulations (e.g., the UN Sustainable Development Goals—SDGs) aimed at supporting climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies for a clean and sustainable energy transition, both in terms of resource availability and economic and environmental aspects.

However, despite the advances made in scientific research regarding these issues, the currently slow pace of energy-related renovation, rehabilitation, and integration of the built environment mainly appears to be related to the lack of smart, sustainable approaches to addressing the issue of urban energy efficiency in an integrated and comprehensive manner. That is, sustainability must be considered not only from an environmental point of view but economically as well, in order to maximally encourage these practices’ actual implementation.

Starting from these assumptions, this Special Issue aims to collect high-quality research activities and products (original research articles, reviews, and case studies are welcome) focused on smart and sustainable solutions, technologies, and strategies addressing the above-mentioned issues, thereby fostering energy efficiency and the decarbonization of built environments, particularly in the building sector. Within this context, the research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Effective strategies for improving energy efficiency (e.g., implementing sustainable retrofit interventions), reducing the environmental impact, and encouraging the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) for different types of buildings and users (e.g., residential, public, tertiary sector, etc.);
  • Nearly zero energy buildings (NZEBs), positive energy buildings (PEBs), and positive energy districts (PEDs);
  • User-centric solutions in the building sector with which to drive the transition towards a sustainable and decarbonized society and economy (i.e., inducing lasting behavioral changes towards sustainable living);
  • Smart systems for the flexible management of the energy interconnections between buildings (enabling users to produce, store, convert, and redistribute/transport—not just consume—energy) to promote energy equity and accessibility;
  • Efficient and smart urban energy planning at the cluster-of-buildings level in order to identify possible methods, strategies, and overall solutions for the energy upgradation and decarbonization of urban areas.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Gianluca Scaccianoce
Dr. Giorgia Peri
Dr. Laura Cirrincione
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sustainability is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • building energy optimization
  • smart buildings
  • climate change resilience
  • buildings’ energy efficiency
  • smart solutions and technologies
  • urban energy planning
  • sustainable energy use
  • buildings sustainability and resilience
  • carbon neutrality in the built environment
  • energy efficiency

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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29 pages, 33541 KiB  
Article
Alkali–Silica Reactivity Potential of Aggregates from Different Sources in Pakistan
by Muhammad Yousaf, Muhammad Shajih Zafar, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Usama, Muhammad Usman Yousaf, Gianluca Scaccianoce, Laura Cirrincione and Marco Vocciante
Sustainability 2025, 17(7), 3203; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17073203 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 966
Abstract
This paper aims to support stakeholders in the sustainable construction sector by exploring the potential of unexamined aggregates from five distinct origins: the Jandol River, the Swat River, the Panjkorha River, the Kitkot Drain, and the Shavey Drain situated in Malakand division, North [...] Read more.
This paper aims to support stakeholders in the sustainable construction sector by exploring the potential of unexamined aggregates from five distinct origins: the Jandol River, the Swat River, the Panjkorha River, the Kitkot Drain, and the Shavey Drain situated in Malakand division, North Waziristan, Pakistan, concerning Alkali–Silica Reaction (ASR) prior to their incorporation into large-scale construction practices. Petrographic examination for the determination of the mineralogical composition of all collected aggregates revealed that aggregates stemming from the Swat River, Panjkorh River, Kitkot Drain, and Shavey Drain exhibited no reactive minerals. In contrast, those from the Jandol River showed reactive mineral content. Physical analysis of the aggregates revealed that Jandol River aggregates had superior resistance to impact, crushing, and abrasion, having values of 18.53%, 18.53%, and 20.10%, respectively. Moreover, the chemical analysis exhibited the highest silica content (SiO2) in Jandol River aggregates, i.e., 94.7%, respectively. Samples in the form of cubes, prisms, and mortar bars were prepared to study both the mechanical properties and the expansion tendencies of specimens prepared from different aggregate sources. Validation of the reactive nature of the Jandol River aggregates was corroborated by the expansion results obtained from the mortar bars and the reduction in compressive strength and flexure strength by 8.2% and 9.2%, respectively, after 90 days, higher than that of aggregates exposed to ASR sourced from the other four origins. It can be asserted that aggregates from the Jandol River source are more susceptible to ASR as compared to other aggregates. To mitigate the potential of ASR, various strategies, such as using low reactivity, natural, or processed aggregates; low alkali-containing cement; inducing pozzolanic substances in concrete; etc., are recommended. Simultaneously, an economic feasibility study and environmental assessments are recommended as future developments. Full article
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31 pages, 15856 KiB  
Article
Assessing the Impact of Urban Area Size on Thermal Comfort in Compact Urban Fabrics Considering the Saharan City of Ghardaïa, Algeria
by Roufaida Benbrahim, Leila Sriti, Soumaya Besbas, Francesco Nocera and Andrea Longhitano
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2213; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052213 - 4 Mar 2025
Viewed by 959
Abstract
Improving microclimate conditions is a pivotal aspect of urban design, particularly in hot, arid climates, where it directly influences outdoor comfort, mitigates the urban heat island (UHI) effect, and reduces the indoor cooling energy demand. The objective of this study is to quantitatively [...] Read more.
Improving microclimate conditions is a pivotal aspect of urban design, particularly in hot, arid climates, where it directly influences outdoor comfort, mitigates the urban heat island (UHI) effect, and reduces the indoor cooling energy demand. The objective of this study is to quantitatively assess the impacts of neighborhoods’ urban size when combined with compact streets’ geometry regarding the outdoor thermal comfort generated in a typical vernacular settlement of the Saharan region of Algeria. The Ksar of Al-Atteuf in the city of Ghardaïa is taken as a case study. The related interior thermal conditions of buildings assumed to be potentially affected by the urban morphology are also examined. To study the effectiveness of the two urban morphology parameters (i.e., urban size and compactness) on outdoor and indoor thermal conditions, a mixed methods approach was adopted, integrating in situ climatic measurements and dynamic simulations. Indoor temperatures were examined in a traditional house located in the core of the Ksar. Year-round operative temperature (OT) simulations were achieved using the Ladybug tool within Grasshopper, and they were complemented by the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) values calculated during peak hot and cold weeks. Furthermore, a parametric analysis was conducted, focusing on the thermal performance of the compact urban fabric by varying progressively the neighborhood sizes from 20 m, 40 m, and 60 m. The results indicate stable indoor thermal conditions across the monitored residential building, which suggests that the architectural envelope is closely affected by its immediate surroundings. On the other hand, the UTCI analysis revealed significant differences in outdoor thermal comfort since the larger urban area provides better mitigation of heat stress in summer and cold stress in winter, the improved outdoor thermal conditions generated at the neighborhood level, being proportional to the size of the urban area. The findings underscore the value of compact urban fabrics in creating climate-responsive built environments and provide further insights into sustainable urban planning and energy-efficient design practices in hot, arid regions. Full article
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24 pages, 2866 KiB  
Article
BIM-Based Strategies for the Revitalization and Automated Management of Buildings: A Case Study
by Stefano Cascone, Giuliana Parisi and Rosa Caponetto
Sustainability 2024, 16(16), 6720; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16166720 - 6 Aug 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2749
Abstract
This study explores the transformative potential of integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Generative Design methodologies in heritage conservation and building management. By utilizing BIM, detailed architectural, structural, and MEP models were created, facilitating precise design and effective stakeholder collaboration. Generative Design enabled [...] Read more.
This study explores the transformative potential of integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Generative Design methodologies in heritage conservation and building management. By utilizing BIM, detailed architectural, structural, and MEP models were created, facilitating precise design and effective stakeholder collaboration. Generative Design enabled the exploration of multiple design solutions, optimizing spatial layouts and structural integrity. The project also integrated automated management systems and IoT sensors to enhance real-time monitoring, energy efficiency, and user comfort through the development of a digital twin. Despite encountering challenges such as technical complexities and budget constraints, the project successfully preserved the cinema’s historical essence while incorporating modern functionalities. The findings highlight the contributions of BIM and Generative Design to the AEC industry, emphasizing their role in improving design accuracy, operational efficiency, and sustainability. This research provides valuable insights for future projects in heritage conservation, offering a blueprint for balancing historical preservation with contemporary needs. The revitalization of the “Ex Cinema Santa Barbara” in Paternò exemplifies these advancements, demonstrating how these technologies can restore and modernize culturally significant historical buildings effectively. Full article
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Review

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21 pages, 13945 KiB  
Review
The Carbon Sequestration Potential of Skyscraper Greenery: A Bibliometric Review (2003–2023)
by Mo Wang, Haoyu Xu, Jiayu Zhao, Chuanhao Sun, Yongqi Liu and Jianjun Li
Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 1774; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17051774 - 20 Feb 2025
Viewed by 968
Abstract
Nature-based solutions (NBS) encompass a diverse range of ecosystem-based strategies aimed at addressing urban sustainability challenges. Among these, skyscraper greenery emerges as a specialized application of NBS, integrating vertical vegetation systems into high-rise architecture to enhance carbon sequestration, mitigate urban heat islands, and [...] Read more.
Nature-based solutions (NBS) encompass a diverse range of ecosystem-based strategies aimed at addressing urban sustainability challenges. Among these, skyscraper greenery emerges as a specialized application of NBS, integrating vertical vegetation systems into high-rise architecture to enhance carbon sequestration, mitigate urban heat islands, and improve air quality. By extending NBS principles into the vertical dimension of cities, this approach offers a scalable solution for climate adaptation in high-density urban environments. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of skyscraper greenery research from 2003 to 2023, employing advanced tools such as CiteSpace and Bibliometrix to assess publication trends, elucidate key research themes, and identify prevailing knowledge gaps. The findings underscore the environmental benefits of skyscraper greenery, including its role in alleviating the urban heat island effect, improving air quality, and enhancing urban biodiversity. Additionally, economic advantages, such as reductions in energy consumption and operational costs, further highlight its multifaceted utility. Carbon sequestration within skyscraper greenery primarily occurs through vegetation’s photosynthetic processes, which are influenced by plant species, substrate composition, and system design. Thermal performance, ecosystem services, and biodiversity emerge as pivotal themes driving research in this domain. However, the field faces persistent challenges, including inconsistent methodologies for measuring carbon sequestration, a lack of technical standards, and limited public awareness. Future studies must prioritize the standardization of carbon measurement protocols, optimization of plant and substrate selection, and integration of skyscraper greenery within comprehensive urban sustainability frameworks. Addressing socio-economic barriers and enhancing policy incentives will be essential for widespread adoption. This review emphasizes the transformative potential of skyscraper greenery as a multifunctional strategy for climate mitigation, advancing resilient, low-carbon, and sustainable urban environments. Full article
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