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Future Trend in Building Energy Efficiency from the Perspective of Sustainability

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Young Il Kim

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Guest Editor

Department of Architectural Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
Interests: HVAC&R; building energy simulation; heat pump; geothermal cooling and heating system; indoor air quality; CFD simulation
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Dr. Sangmoon Lee

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Korea Conformity Laboratories, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV); HVAC system; indoor air quality

Prof. Dr. Jaeyong Sung

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Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
Interests: micro interfacial flow; flow visualization; HVAC; CFD; geothermal source heating and cooling

Dr. Dong Hwa Kang

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Guest Editor

Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Urban Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
Interests: ventilation and indoor air quality; HVAC; building simulation; CFD (computational fluid dynamics); energy efficient building
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Lee Yeo-Kyung

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Guest Editor

Department of Environment Friendly Architecture Research Institute, CREBIZ Certification Body, Seoul 07207, Republic of Korea
Interests: building energy; sustainable building; indoor air quality; renewable energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to submit your original research articles, review papers, and case studies for a Special Issue on "Future Trend in Building Energy Efficiency from the Perspective of Sustainability" in the journal Sustainability.

This Special Issue aims to explore innovative approaches, technologies, and policies that enhance energy efficiency in buildings while aligning with sustainable development goals. We welcome contributions that address topics such as energy saving technologies in building HVAC, energy savings in buildings, building energy simulation, heat pump, building energy recovery, smart building technologies, renewable energy integration, green building materials, energy management systems, and policies promoting energy-efficient design and retrofitting.

Submissions will undergo a rigorous peer-review process to ensure high-quality scholarly work. Accepted papers will be published online and will be available to a global audience. The submission deadline is 31 July 2025. For manuscript preparation guidelines and submission details, please visit the link below.

We look forward to receiving your valuable contributions to this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Young Il Kim
Dr. Sangmoon Lee
Prof. Dr. Jaeyong Sung
Dr. Dong Hwa Kang
Dr. Lee Yeo-Kyung
Guest Editors

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Research

39 pages, 20298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Prediction of a Water-Cooled Centrifugal Chiller in Standard Temperature Conditions Using In-Situ Measurement Data

by Sung Won Kim and Young Il Kim

Sustainability 2025, 17(5), 2196; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052196 - 3 Mar 2025

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1036

Abstract

In this study, a regression model was developed using the thermo-regulated residual refinement regression model (TRRM) analysis method based on three years and four months of in situ data collected from two water-cooled centrifugal chillers installed in A Tower, Seoul, South Korea. The primary objective of this study was to predict the coefficient of performance (COP) of water-cooled chillers under various operating conditions using only the chilled water outlet temperature (

T_{2}

) and the cooling water inlet temperature (

T_{3}

). The secondary objective was to estimate the COP under standard temperature conditions, which is essential for the absolute performance evaluation of chillers. The collected dataset was refined through thermodynamic preprocessing, including the removal of missing values and outliers, to ensure high data reliability. Based on this refined dataset, regression analyses were conducted separately for four cases: daytime (09:00–21:00) and nighttime (21:00–09:00) operations of chiller #1 and chiller #2, resulting in the derivation of four final regression equations. The reliability of the final dataset was further validated by applying other regression models, including simple linear (SL), bi-quadratic (BQ), and multivariate polynomial (MP) regression. The performance of each model was evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination (

R^{2}

), coefficient of variation of root mean square error (CVRMSE), and the p-values of each coefficient. Additionally, the predicted COP values under the design and standard temperature conditions were compared with the measured COP values to assess the accuracy of the model. Error rates were also analyzed under scenarios where

T_{2}

and

T_{3}

were each varied by ±1 °C. To ensure robust validation, a final comparison was performed between the predicted and measured COP values. The results demonstrated that the TRRM exhibited high reliability and predictive accuracy, with most regression equations achieving

R^{2}

values exceeding 90%, CVRMSE below 5%, and p-values below 0.05. Furthermore, the predicted COP values closely matched the actual measured COP values, further confirming the reliability of the regression model and equations. This study provides a practical method for estimating the COP of water-cooled chillers under standard temperature conditions or other operational conditions using only

T_{2}

and

T_{3}

. This methodology can be utilized for objective performance assessments of chillers at various sites, supporting the development of effective maintenance strategies and performance optimization plans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trend in Building Energy Efficiency from the Perspective of Sustainability)

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