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Sustainable Photovoltaic Waste Recycling: Materials, Technology and Circular Economy

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Waste and Recycling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 8 May 2026 | Viewed by 409

Special Issue Editor

School of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Interests: resource; environmental management; circular economy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid expansion of the photovoltaic (PV) industry has positioned solar energy as a cornerstone of global energy transition; however, the increasing volume of end-of-life (EoL) PV modules presents pressing environmental, technical, and economic challenges. Sustainable recycling and resource recovery are therefore critical to ensuring the long-term viability of the PV sector and aligning it with circular economy principles. This Special Issue, “Sustainable Photovoltaic Waste Recycling: Materials, Technology and Circular Economy” invites original research and review articles addressing innovative recycling technologies, material recovery strategies, life-cycle assessment, and policy frameworks that support a sustainable PV waste management system. Contributions that highlight advances in recycling methods, recycling business models, policy, and environmental impacts are welcome. Interdisciplinary approaches that integrate technology, supply chain resilience, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic implications are also encouraged. By fostering dialogue between academia, industry, and policymakers, this Special Issue aims to provide comprehensive insights into how sustainable PV waste recycling can accelerate the transition toward a low-carbon, resource-efficient energy future.

Dr. Jing Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • photovoltaic waste recycling
  • circular economy
  • end-of-life solar modules
  • resource recovery
  • recycling technologies
  • critical raw materials
  • life-cycle assessment (LCA)
  • sustainable energy systems
  • policy and regulation
  • industrial ecology

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 1546 KB  
Article
Life Cycle Assessment of Photovoltaic Module Production in Mexico: Hidden Impacts of Global Manufacturing
by Flor Hernández-Padilla, Vicente Borja and Antonio Urbina
Sustainability 2026, 18(1), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18010175 - 23 Dec 2025
Viewed by 217
Abstract
The environmental and human health impacts of mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si) module assembly in Mexico were estimated using a regionalized Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). A detailed inventory was completed through fieldwork consisting of arranged visits to four manufacturers to collect on-site data. The main [...] Read more.
The environmental and human health impacts of mono-crystalline silicon (mono-Si) module assembly in Mexico were estimated using a regionalized Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). A detailed inventory was completed through fieldwork consisting of arranged visits to four manufacturers to collect on-site data. The main findings demonstrate that, on average, between 10% and 35% of the photovoltaic cells imported from China for module assembly in Mexico are discarded during the manufacturing process. Furthermore, experimental studies conducted in our laboratories with samples collected from the manufacturing plants showed that the busbars and finger contacts on the cells and strings indicate the presence of lead and a lack of silver in the aluminum-based alloys used for soldering and coating the strings. The LCA study includes end-of-life scenarios, with particular attention to open-dump waste disposal, the most common option in Mexico, which generates three-times-greater environmental impacts than waste incineration. The impact of different transport options for importing cells from China yielded Global Warming Potential (GWP) values of 157.52 kg CO2 eq and a Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) of 2204.9 MJ eq, compared to 8.9 kg CO2 eq and 123.3 MJ eq, respectively, obtained for sea transport. These results highlight the importance of including transport and end-of-life scenarios to obtain realistic environmental and human health impacts from photovoltaic module manufacturing. Full article
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