Critical Infrastructures Cybersecurity and Resilience

A special issue of Signals (ISSN 2624-6120).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 9291

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science Technology (NTNU), P.O. Box 191, N-2802 Gjøvik, Norway
Interests: critical infrastructure cyber security; information and communication systems security; cyber physical systems security; systems of systems security; network security; security awareness
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Co-Guest Editor
Center for Cyber and Information Security, Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2802 Gjøvik, Norway
Interests: ICT security and privacy; DNS security
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Co-Guest Editor
Norsk Regnesentral (Norwegian Computing Center, NR), 0373 Oslo, Norway
Interests: network security; wireless communication; IoT; critical infrastructures; wireless sensor networks; signal processing
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Co-Guest Editor
1. Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, 382 21 Volos, Greece
2. Department of Information Security and Communication Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway
Interests: security; intrusion detection; privacy blockchain
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Kota, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
Interests: information security; network security; software defined; networking; malware analysis; software piracy

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

Critical Infrastructures are defined as “assets, systems or part thereof which are essential for the maintenance of vital societal functions, health, safety, security, economic or social well-being of people, and the disruption or destruction of which would have a significant impact as a result of the failure to maintain those functions.” Critical Infrastructures refer to a multitude of sectors, including energy, manufacturing, transportation, healthcare and public safety. Systems deployed within these sectors integrate both information technologies and operational technologies, being commonly reliant on legacy industrial control and cyberphysical systems. Nevertheless, novel disruptive and enabling information and communication technologies are increasingly integrated, increasing connectivity and interdependencies, thus presenting security professionals with significant challenges in maintaining and enhancing the security and resilience of such infrastructures. This Special Issue invites submissions that present innovative ideas, proof of concepts, use cases, and results from a variety of topics relevant to critical infrastructure cybersecurity and resilience, including (but not limited to) the following ones:

Security Governance

  • Security policies
  • Risk analysis and management
  • Vulnerability assessment and metrics
  • Awareness, training, and simulation
  • ICS/CPS security standards
  • Privacy and Anonymity in ICS/CPS

System and Network Security

  • Threat modeling
  • Security architectures
  • Access control
  • Malware and cyber weapons
  • Intrusion detection and visualization
  • Defense in depth
  • Monitoring and real-time supervision
  • Applied cryptography
  • Perimeter security
  • Safety-security interactions
  • Cybersecurity engineering
  • Secure communication protocols
  • Formal models for ICS/CPS security
  • Hardware Security
  • Resilient ICS/CPS
  • Application Security
  • Secure Firmware

Incident Response and Digital Forensics for ICS/CPS

  • Forensics in ICS
  • Incident Response
  • Accountability

Case Studies

  • Case studies in the energy, utility, chemical, transportation, manufacturing, and other industrial and critical infrastructure sectors

Please note that all of the submitted papers must be within the general scope of the Signals journal.

Dr. Vasileios Gkioulos
Dr. Marios Anagnostopoulos
Dr. Sandeep Pirbhulal
Dr. Georgios Spathoulas
Dr. Ajay Nehra
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

17 pages, 533 KiB  
Review
CS Measures for Nuclear Power Plant Protection: A Systematic Literature Review
by Nabin Chowdhury
Signals 2021, 2(4), 803-819; https://doi.org/10.3390/signals2040046 - 4 Nov 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3239
Abstract
As digital instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is becoming increasingly complex, both attack vectors and defensive strategies are evolving based on new technologies and vulnerabilities. Continued efforts have been made to develop a variety of measures for the cyber defense of these [...] Read more.
As digital instrumentation in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) is becoming increasingly complex, both attack vectors and defensive strategies are evolving based on new technologies and vulnerabilities. Continued efforts have been made to develop a variety of measures for the cyber defense of these infrastructures, which often consist in adapting security measures previously developed for other critical infrastructure sectors according to the requirements of NPPs. That being said, due to the very recent development of these solutions, there is a lack of agreement or standardization when it comes to their adoption at an industrial level. To better understand the state of the art in NPP Cyber-Security (CS) measures, in this work, we conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify scientific papers discussing CS frameworks, standards, guidelines, best practices, and any additional CS protection measures for NPPs. From our literature analysis, it was evidenced that protecting the digital space in NPPs involves three main steps: (i) identification of critical digital assets; (ii) risk assessment and threat analysis; (iii) establishment of measures for NPP protection based on the defense-in-depth model. To ensure the CS protection of these infrastructures, a holistic defense-in-depth approach is suggested in order to avoid excessive granularity and lack of compatibility between different layers of protection. Additional research is needed to ensure that such a model is developed effectively and that it is based on the interdependencies of all security requirements of NPPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Infrastructures Cybersecurity and Resilience)
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32 pages, 5136 KiB  
Review
Towards Integration of Security and Safety Measures for Critical Infrastructures Based on Bayesian Networks and Graph Theory: A Systematic Literature Review
by Sandeep Pirbhulal, Vasileios Gkioulos and Sokratis Katsikas
Signals 2021, 2(4), 771-802; https://doi.org/10.3390/signals2040045 - 2 Nov 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3940
Abstract
In recent times, security and safety are, at least, conducted in safety-sensitive or critical sectors. Nevertheless, both processes do not commonly analyze the impact of security risks on safety. Several scholars are focused on integrating safety and security risk assessments, using different methodologies [...] Read more.
In recent times, security and safety are, at least, conducted in safety-sensitive or critical sectors. Nevertheless, both processes do not commonly analyze the impact of security risks on safety. Several scholars are focused on integrating safety and security risk assessments, using different methodologies and tools in critical infrastructures (CIs). Bayesian networks (BN) and graph theory (GT) have received much attention from academia and industries to incorporate security and safety features for different CI applications. Hence, this study aims to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) for co-engineering safety and security using BN or GT. In this SLR, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses recommendations (PRISMA) are followed. Initially, 2295 records (acquired between 2011 and 2020) were identified for screening purposes. Later on, 240 articles were processed to check eligibility criteria. Overall, this study includes 64 papers, after examining the pre-defined criteria and guidelines. Further, the included studies were compared, regarding the number of required nodes for system development, applied data sources, research outcomes, threat actors, performance verification mechanisms, implementation scenarios, applicability and functionality, application sectors, advantages, and disadvantages for combining safety, and security measures, based on GT and BN. The findings of this SLR suggest that BN and GT are used widely for risk and failure management in several domains. The highly focused sectors include studies of the maritime industry (14%), vehicle transportation (13%), railway (13%), nuclear (6%), chemical industry (6%), gas and pipelines (5%), smart grid (5%), network security (5%), air transportation (3%), public sector (3%), and cyber-physical systems (3%). It is also observed that 80% of the included studies use BN models to incorporate safety and security concerns, whereas 15% and 5% for GT approaches and joint GT and BN methodologies, respectively. Additionally, 31% of identified studies verified that the developed approaches used real-time implementation, whereas simulation or preliminary analysis were presented for the remaining methods. Finally, the main research limitations, concluding remarks and future research directions, are presented Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Critical Infrastructures Cybersecurity and Resilience)
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