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New Trends in Automated Control Systems for Biomedical Application

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2022) | Viewed by 13523

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
The Automated Electric Drive Department, Faculty of Power Engineering, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
Interests: power electronic systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The most significant examples of highly efficient control systems (ACS) are electromechanical systems. Modern advances in various fields make them very accurate and fast. To do this, all of their elements must have special qualities, to which a lot of research has been devoted. However, general digitalization "involves" more and more structures in the field of ACS that were not initially adapted to work in ACS and cannot be used for such a purpose. The most important "link" of such an ACS is increasingly becoming humans. A person interacts with technical structures in various simulators, exoskeletons, and technological complexes. Complex medical diagnostic and therapeutic complexes (for example, insulin pumps) should also be referred to as such systems. In all these examples, the human state is identified to be much worse than the state of the technical structures interacting with it. One of the reasons for this is the nonlinearity and nonstationarity of a person as an object of cybernetic analysis. Other reasons for this have undergone insufficient research in this area.

I propose to prepare a Special Issue of the journal Sensors, dedicated to the study of biocybernetic complexes, which should include a person interacting with technical structures to perform a variety of tasks—from tasks that solve human problems—in medicine, physiology, sports, etc., to technical and political ones, in which humans solve the problems of managing complex technical and social structures. Humans are used to endowing the world of things with human qualities. Therefore, the need has come to identify a person as a biocybernetic structure.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Problems of digitalization of society and people.
  • Systems for continuous recording of ECG, heart rate, and identification of the functional state of a person.
  • Exoskeletons, simulators, and insulin pumps as biocybernetic structures.
  • Modeling the main systems of human life, such as the cardiovascular system, central nervous system, respiratory system, etc.
  • Digital identification of a healthy person.
  • Digital identification of a person's condition with cardiovascular diseases.
  • Digital identification of the state of the pregnant woman and the fetus at all stages of pregnancy.
  • Digital identification of a person interacting with technical, industrial, and political structures.

Dr. Vladimir Kodkin
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • biocybernetics, automated control systems
  • human functional state
  • systems for continuous, contactless measurement of human ECG
  • identification of human condition, insulin pumps as biocybernetic complexes
  • simulators
  • exoskeletons
  • digitalization of society and digitalization of the human condition

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 11785 KiB  
Article
Cardiotocography in Obstetrics: New Solutions for “Routine” Technology
by Vladimir Kodkin
Sensors 2022, 22(14), 5126; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22145126 - 8 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5700
Abstract
This work is devoted to the problems of one of the most common screening examinations used in medical practice: fetal cardiotocography (CTG). The technology of ultrasonic monitoring of fetal heart rate (HR) variations has been used for more than 70 years. During this [...] Read more.
This work is devoted to the problems of one of the most common screening examinations used in medical practice: fetal cardiotocography (CTG). The technology of ultrasonic monitoring of fetal heart rate (HR) variations has been used for more than 70 years. During this time, it has undergone many upgrades and has been characterized several times as a hopelessly outdated routine technology. Over the past 5–7 years, many in-depth studies and review papers on cardiotocography have appeared, which revealed both the problems and prospects of the technology. Basically, hopes are associated with artificial intelligence, which should increase the accuracy of the analysis of initially inaccurate measurements obtained using ultrasonic testing. At the same time, after the introduction of pulsed operating modes and the appearance of multi-chip sensors, the quality of the original signal remains practically unchanged. This circumstance makes the prospects of the technology very problematic. However, until now, there has not been a reliable replacement for this screening, which is equally safe, non-invasive, and accessible to a wide range of specialists, medical institutions, and patients. The paper discusses and substantiates proposals for improving the technology based on original (different from traditional CTG) methods of processing information received from ultrasonic sensors, which, in the author’s opinion, allow for solving the main problems of CTG: identifying the correct direction of radiation to the fetal heart and to reliably evaluate beat-to-beat heart rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Automated Control Systems for Biomedical Application)
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14 pages, 5402 KiB  
Article
Digital Identification of the Human Condition as a Prerequisite for the Effectiveness of the Organizational Automation (Biocybernetic) Systems Operation
by Vladimir L. Kodkin and Ekaterina V. Artem’eva
Sensors 2022, 22(10), 3649; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103649 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7203
Abstract
The article deals with the problems of improving modern human-machine interaction systems. Such systems are called biocybernetic systems. It is shown that a significant increase in their efficiency can be achieved by stabilising their work according to the automation control theory. An analysis [...] Read more.
The article deals with the problems of improving modern human-machine interaction systems. Such systems are called biocybernetic systems. It is shown that a significant increase in their efficiency can be achieved by stabilising their work according to the automation control theory. An analysis of the structural schemes of the systems showed that one of the most significantly influencing factors in these systems is a poor “digitization” of the human condition. “Digitization” here is the identification of a person as a participant in the interaction with a cybernetic or cyber-physical system. The main problem of a biocybernetic system construction is the non-stationarity of such human characteristics as time of the reaction to external disturbances, physical or nervous fatigue, the ability to perform the required amount of work, etc. At the same time, as a rule, there is no objective assessment of this non-stationarity. Under these conditions, ensuring the controllability and efficiency of biocybernetic systems is a very difficult task. It is proposed to solve this problem with the help of electrocardiogram signals: the most accessible and accurate information about a human’s current state. Herein, several examples of such solutions and the results of theoretical studies and experiments are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in Automated Control Systems for Biomedical Application)
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