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Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities and Urban Planning
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Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities and Urban Planning

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2024) | Viewed by 12078

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Muhammad Farhan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
Interests: data science; machine and deep learning; Internet of Things
Dr. Khalid Mahmood

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate School of Intelligent Data Science, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
Interests: authenticated solutions; security; privacy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sohail Jabbar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Computer and Information Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
Interests: blockchain; data analytics; Internet of Things

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Smart cities affect our society's pressing desire to live sustainably. Consequently, these cities use technology, creativity, and infrastructure to improve the standard of quality of life for their people. Smartphones, mobile devices, sensors, connected cars, and homes are some of the technologies that enable citizens to engage with smart city ecosystems in various ways. Integrating devices and information with urban physical services and infrastructure makes it possible to lower costs and increase sustainability. Communities may use IoT to deliver electricity more effectively, collect garbage more efficiently, relieve congestion in traffic, and even enhance air quality. Traditional components of urban life, like street lighting, are being transformed into next-generation smart lighting systems platforms with more features due to secure wireless communication and IoT technologies. Sensors and IoT play a significant role in developing smart cities and urban planning. It demonstrates the scientific community's significant and developing concern for these three difficulties and their connection to urban development. The idea of a smart city in the first section focuses on smart city design and the use of data in developing smart cities. This is based on a thorough assessment of the literature. The Internet of Things is discussed in the second section, emphasizing IoT technology, applications for smart cities, and security.

IoT and sensors play significant roles in two essential layers of smart city systems, including the data collecting and services layers. The foundation for smart city projects lies in these layers, as they ensure a connection between the digital and physical environments. It has been analyzed that greater interaction between IoT-based smart city techniques and crowdsourcing-based smart cities is necessary for their development. Recent advancements in the technology of sensors, which mixes IoT with sensors, may benefit this arrangement.

This Special Issue emphasizes that sensors and the Internet of Things, deployed in cities, serve as essential fundamental components for the growth of these cities. These technologies will create sustainable, encompassing, creative, and progressive cities.

Possible topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Reliable distributed smart sensors based on routing protocol design of communication systems;
  • Road energy efficiency monitoring based on IoT and sensors;
  • Cloud computing for smart city information processing;
  • Building smart cities based on IoT using big data analytics;
  • The era of 5G and IoT in the nanogenerator for smart cities;
  • Co-designing sensors for urban food-growing communities with sustainable smart cities;
  • IoT and ubiquitous devices with energy efficiency and sustainability of the smart industry;
  • Smart sensors and mobility with governance and citizenship for a smart environment;
  • Cyber forensics and cybersecurity for smart cities;
  • IoT meteorological sensor network based on quality management system;
  • IoT precision agriculture for monitoring ambient parameters.

Dr. Muhammad Farhan
Dr. Khalid Mahmood
Dr. Sohail Jabbar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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19 pages, 3664 KiB  
Article
Enhanced IoT Spectrum Utilization: Integrating Geospatial and Environmental Data for Advanced Mid-Band Spectrum Sharing
by Colin Brown and Bo Rong
Sensors 2024, 24(18), 5885; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185885 - 11 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1418
Abstract
The anticipated surge of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to intensify the demand for mid-band spectrum resources, posing challenges to traditional spectrum sharing methods. This paper addresses the limitations of static database-assisted spectrum management frameworks and proposes a novel approach integrating [...] Read more.
The anticipated surge of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expected to intensify the demand for mid-band spectrum resources, posing challenges to traditional spectrum sharing methods. This paper addresses the limitations of static database-assisted spectrum management frameworks and proposes a novel approach integrating high-resolution geospatial and real-time environmental data. Leveraging these inputs, the proposed framework enhances spectrum allocation accuracy, and mitigates interference more effectively, thereby increasing the access opportunities for IoT deployments. A detailed example scenario illustrates the efficacy of the proposed approach, demonstrating significant gains in spectrum sharing efficiency. It shows gains in the number of new entrants accessing the spectrum, ranging from 77% to 140%. These gains occur when moving to less conservative interference conditions and including more complex geospatial information in the propagation environment. These findings underscore the critical role of advanced spectrum sharing techniques in optimizing spectrum utilization for future IoT networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities and Urban Planning)
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20 pages, 1026 KiB  
Article
Bio-Inspired Energy-Efficient Cluster-Based Routing Protocol for the IoT in Disaster Scenarios
by Shakil Ahmed, Md Akbar Hossain, Peter Han Joo Chong and Sayan Kumar Ray
Sensors 2024, 24(16), 5353; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165353 - 19 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1420
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology for sensing and monitoring the environment to reduce disaster impact. Energy is one of the major concerns for IoT devices, as sensors used in IoT devices are battery-operated. Thus, it is important to reduce [...] Read more.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a promising technology for sensing and monitoring the environment to reduce disaster impact. Energy is one of the major concerns for IoT devices, as sensors used in IoT devices are battery-operated. Thus, it is important to reduce energy consumption, especially during data transmission in disaster-prone situations. Clustering-based communication helps reduce a node’s energy decay during data transmission and enhances network lifetime. Many hybrid combination algorithms have been proposed for clustering and routing protocols to improve network lifetime in disaster scenarios. However, the performance of these protocols varies widely based on the underlying network configuration and the optimisation parameters considered. In this research, we used the clustering parameters most relevant to disaster scenarios, such as the node’s residual energy, distance to sink, and network coverage. We then proposed the bio-inspired hybrid BOA-PSO algorithm, where the Butterfly Optimisation Algorithm (BOA) is used for clustering and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) is used for the routing protocol. The performance of the proposed algorithm was compared with that of various benchmark protocols: LEACH, DEEC, PSO, PSO-GA, and PSO-HAS. Residual energy, network throughput, and network lifetime were considered performance metrics. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm effectively conserves residual energy, achieving more than a 17% improvement for short-range scenarios and a 10% improvement for long-range scenarios. In terms of throughput, the proposed method delivers a 60% performance enhancement compared to LEACH, a 53% enhancement compared to DEEC, and a 37% enhancement compared to PSO. Additionally, the proposed method results in a 60% reduction in packet drops compared to LEACH and DEEC, and a 30% reduction compared to PSO. It increases network lifetime by 10–20% compared to the benchmark algorithms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities and Urban Planning)
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41 pages, 42252 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Analyzing Urban Sensor Network Connectivity Based on Open Data
by Bartosz Musznicki, Maciej Piechowiak and Piotr Zwierzykowski
Sensors 2023, 23(23), 9559; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239559 - 1 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1297
Abstract
The optimization of network topology is crucial to achieve efficient data transmission in wireless sensor networks. Recently it has been proven that emerging open data sources can be used for modeling the structures of heterogeneous urban sensor networks. With this, leveraging real location [...] Read more.
The optimization of network topology is crucial to achieve efficient data transmission in wireless sensor networks. Recently it has been proven that emerging open data sources can be used for modeling the structures of heterogeneous urban sensor networks. With this, leveraging real location data of various networked and sensing devices became feasible and essential. This approach enables the construction and analysis of more accurate representations based on frequently updated actual network infrastructure topology data, as opposed to using synthetic models or test environments. The presented modeling method serves as the basis for the designed architecture and implemented research environment. This paper introduces a set of algorithms which transform devices’ location data into graph-based wireless network connectivity models. Each algorithm is thoroughly discussed and evaluated. Moreover, static (momentary) and dynamic (time-spanning) network topologies are constructed in four large Polish cities based on publicly available data. Multidimensional simulation-based analysis is conducted to investigate the characteristics of the modeled structures. Directions for further research are suggested as well. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities and Urban Planning)
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Other

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41 pages, 1375 KiB  
Systematic Review
Sensors on Internet of Things Systems for the Sustainable Development of Smart Cities: A Systematic Literature Review
by Fan Zeng, Chuan Pang and Huajun Tang
Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2074; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072074 - 24 Mar 2024
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6659
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a critical component of smart cities and a key contributor to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG) 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. The IoT is an infrastructure that enables devices to communicate with [...] Read more.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a critical component of smart cities and a key contributor to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UNSDG) 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities. The IoT is an infrastructure that enables devices to communicate with each other over the Internet, providing critical components for smart cities, such as data collection, generation, processing, analysis, and application handling. IoT-based applications can promote sustainable urban development. Many studies demonstrate how the IoT can improve smart cities’ sustainable development. This systematic literature review provides valuable insights into the utilization of the IoT in the context of smart cities, with a particular focus on its implications for sustainable urban development. Based on an analysis of 73 publications, we discuss the role of IoT in the sustainable development of smart cities, focusing on smart communities, smart transportation, disaster management, privacy and security, and emerging applications. In each domain, we have detailed the attributes of IoT sensors. In addition, we have examined various communication technologies and protocols suitable for transmitting sensor-generated data. We have also presented the methods for analyzing and integrating these data within the IoT application layer. Finally, we identify research gaps in the literature, highlighting areas that require further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Internet of Things (IoT) in Smart Cities and Urban Planning)
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