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Visual Sensing Methods for 3D Object Detection, Tracking, and Quantification

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensing and Imaging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2026 | Viewed by 1901

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
Interests: electrical and computer engineering

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Special Issue on Visual Sensing Methods for 3D Object Detection, Tracking, and Quantification.

There are many ways to define our relationship to the physical world around us, but a fundamental metric of interest in a variety of real-world applications is our position and the position of objects of interest in our vicinity. A variety of sensing mechanisms have been proposed, studied and developed for 3D perception, ranging from stereoscopic vision, ultrasonics, photogrammetry, structured light, lidar, time-of-flight, radar, and RGB-D systems. These methods exploit fundamental physical relationships and incorporate advances in electronics, algorithms, and computational platforms to enable better sensing of our world and the objects in it. The addition of machine learning methods to these fundamental physical methods has also introduced improvements to the methods, especially with respect to object detection, recognition and tracking, but should also quantify where measurements and data-driven estimates diverge. This Special Issue encompasses new ideas for visual sensors and their applications in 3D object detection and tracking. Topics include physical sensing methods; new algorithms for object recognition and position estimation in the physical world; implementations on mobile and computationally limited platforms; methods for the fusion of visual sensors with other modalities; and other related concepts. Accepted papers should include sensing that encompasses "visual" sensing but potentially encompassing non-visible light sensing and processing as well.

Prof. Dr. Thomas P Karnowski
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • 3D object detection, tracking
  • visual sensing
  • RGB-D systems
  • lidar
  • radar

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2054 KB  
Article
A Unified Preprocessing Pipeline for Noise-Resilient Crack Segmentation in Leaky Infrastructure Surfaces
by Jae-Jun Shin and Jeongho Cho
Sensors 2025, 25(17), 5574; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175574 - 6 Sep 2025
Viewed by 796
Abstract
Wet cracks caused by leakage often exhibit visual and structural distortions due to surface contamination, salt crystallization, and corrosion byproducts. These factors significantly degrade the performance of sensor- and vision-based crack detection systems. In moist environments, the initiation and propagation of cracks tend [...] Read more.
Wet cracks caused by leakage often exhibit visual and structural distortions due to surface contamination, salt crystallization, and corrosion byproducts. These factors significantly degrade the performance of sensor- and vision-based crack detection systems. In moist environments, the initiation and propagation of cracks tend to be highly nonlinear and irregular, making it challenging to distinguish crack regions from the background—especially under visual noise such as reflections, stains, and low contrast. To address these challenges, this study proposes a segmentation framework that integrates a dedicated preprocessing pipeline aimed at suppressing noise and enhancing feature clarity, all without altering the underlying segmentation architecture. The pipeline begins with adaptive thresholding to perform initial binarization under varying lighting conditions. This is followed by morphological operations and connected component analysis to eliminate micro-level noise and restore structural continuity of crack patterns. Subsequently, both local and global contrast are enhanced using histogram stretching and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization. Finally, a background fusion step is applied to emphasize crack features while preserving the original surface texture. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves segmentation performance under adverse conditions. Notably, it achieves a precision of 97.5% and exhibits strong robustness against noise introduced by moisture, reflections, and surface irregularities. These findings confirm that targeted preprocessing can substantially enhance the accuracy and reliability of crack detection systems deployed in real-world infrastructure inspection scenarios. Full article
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12 pages, 2370 KB  
Article
Streak Tube-Based LiDAR for 3D Imaging
by Houzhi Cai, Zeng Ye, Fangding Yao, Chao Lv, Xiaohan Cheng and Lijuan Xiang
Sensors 2025, 25(17), 5348; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25175348 - 28 Aug 2025
Viewed by 481
Abstract
Streak cameras, essential for ultrahigh temporal resolution diagnostics in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion, underpin the streak tube imaging LiDAR (STIL) system—a flash LiDAR technology offering high spatiotemporal resolution, precise ranging, enhanced sensitivity, and wide field of view. This study establishes a theoretical model [...] Read more.
Streak cameras, essential for ultrahigh temporal resolution diagnostics in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion, underpin the streak tube imaging LiDAR (STIL) system—a flash LiDAR technology offering high spatiotemporal resolution, precise ranging, enhanced sensitivity, and wide field of view. This study establishes a theoretical model of the STIL system, with numerical simulations predicting limits of temporal and spatial resolutions of ~6 ps and 22.8 lp/mm, respectively. Dynamic simulations of laser backscatter signals from targets at varying depths demonstrate an optimal distance reconstruction accuracy of 98%. An experimental STIL platform was developed, with the key parameters calibrated as follows: scanning speed (16.78 ps/pixel), temporal resolution (14.47 ps), and central cathode spatial resolution (20 lp/mm). The system achieved target imaging through streak camera detection of azimuth-resolved intensity profiles, generating raw streak images. Feature extraction and neural network-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithms enabled target reconstruction from the time-of-flight data of short laser pulses, achieving a minimum distance reconstruction error of 3.57%. Experimental results validate the capability of the system to detect fast, low-intensity optical signals while acquiring target range information, ultimately achieving high-frame-rate, high-resolution 3D imaging. These advancements position STIL technology as a promising solution for applications that require micron-scale depth discrimination under dynamic conditions. Full article
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