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Advances in Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2026) | Viewed by 5934

Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
Interests: plasmonic; nanowire; fluorescence spectroscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thanks to advances in computing technology (affordable and powerful hardware and software), laser technology and nanotechnology (leading to the invention of novel biomarkers, sensors, etc.), many exciting developments in fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy techniques have been achieved in the recent decades. These developments have opened novel ways for interrogating systems in life and physical sciences at single-molecule sensitivity and subnanometer resolution, evident from examples such as the invention of the super-resolution fluorescence microscopy technique. Such advanced imaging and spectroscopy techniques have found applications in biomedicine (e.g., the study of disease mechanisms at the molecular level and disease diagnostics in clinical settings), environmental sensing and information technology. This Special Issue aims to provide a venue for researchers to share their work and continued efforts towards the advancement of optical microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, with the hopes of finding novel applications for such techniques.

Original research and review articles for this Special Issue can include, but are not limited to:

  • Laser sources and detectors for advanced fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy techniques;
  • The simulation, design and fabrication of novel sensors and biomarkers with improved efficiency;
  • Algorithms and methods for data processing and analysis;
  • Nanomaterials and optical nanostructures for improved resolution and sensitivity, including simulation, design, synthesis, growth and fabrication technologies;
  • The application of advanced optical spectroscopy techniques in biomedicine, environmental sciences and information technology.

Dr. Huizhong Xu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioimaging
  • biomarkers
  • biophotonics
  • fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
  • nanomaterials
  • nanoscopic spectroscopy
  • nano-optics
  • optical nanostructures
  • plasmonic nanostructures
  • single-molecule spectroscopy
  • super-resolution microscopy
  • surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)
  • tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2978 KB  
Article
Biochemical Signatures of L-Carnitine-Induced Changes in Brain Cancer Cells Revealed by Confocal Raman Imaging: A Preliminary Study
by Jakub Maciej Surmacki, Krzysztof Sergot and Monika Kopeć
Sensors 2026, 26(12), 3830; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26123830 - 16 Jun 2026
Viewed by 247
Abstract
L-carnitine plays a central role in mitochondrial fatty acid transport and cellular energy regulation; effects on the biochemical phenotype of brain cancer cells remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we applied confocal Raman spectroscopy and imaging to investigate the biochemical alterations induced by L-carnitine supplementation—administered [...] Read more.
L-carnitine plays a central role in mitochondrial fatty acid transport and cellular energy regulation; effects on the biochemical phenotype of brain cancer cells remain insufficiently characterized. Here, we applied confocal Raman spectroscopy and imaging to investigate the biochemical alterations induced by L-carnitine supplementation—administered as its tartrate salt—in human astrocytoma cells. Raman spectral analysis revealed distinct changes in lipid-, protein-, nucleic acid-, and cytochrome-associated vibrational features following 24 h of treatment, suggesting alterations in mitochondrial activity and cellular energy-related processes. Principal component analysis identified PC1 (93.87%) as representing the intrinsic biochemical composition of the cells, whereas PC2 (1.19%) and PC3 (0.59%) captured subtle yet consistent variations in lipid organization, protein conformation, and redox-sensitive vibrational features associated with L-carnitine exposure. Pearson correlation analysis of Raman cluster spectra indicated biochemical differences across cellular compartments, with the most pronounced changes observed in lipid droplets, supporting modifications in lipid-associated cellular processes. These findings demonstrate that Raman imaging provides a sensitive, label-free platform for resolving L-carnitine-induced biochemical heterogeneity at the single-cell level. Overall, this study highlights vibrational spectroscopy as a powerful tool for characterizing cellular responses to metabolic modulators and provides insight into the biochemical impact of exogenous L-carnitine in brain cancer cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques)
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11 pages, 3938 KB  
Article
Highly Sensitive Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Human Serum Using Bloch Surface Wave Biosensor
by Anastasiia Gaganina, Agostino Occhicone, Daniele Chiappetta, Paola Di Matteo, Norbert Danz, Matteo Allegretti, Peter Munzert, Chiara Mandoj, Francesco Michelotti and Alberto Sinibaldi
Sensors 2026, 26(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26010046 - 20 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1183
Abstract
Accurate and sensitive antibody detection remains critical for advanced COVID-19 diagnostics and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 immunity. This study presents a highly sensitive technique for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human serum using an integrated photonic sensing platform. The platform utilizes disposable one-dimensional photonic crystal biochips [...] Read more.
Accurate and sensitive antibody detection remains critical for advanced COVID-19 diagnostics and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 immunity. This study presents a highly sensitive technique for detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human serum using an integrated photonic sensing platform. The platform utilizes disposable one-dimensional photonic crystal biochips engineered to sustain Bloch Surface Waves. The biochips are integrated into a custom-made optical set-up, which is capable of dual-mode detection: label-free refractometry and label-based fluorescence. Tests on human serum, including negative controls and positive samples from a recovered COVID-19 patient, confirmed the platform’s effective performance. In fluorescence mode, clear discrimination between positive and negative samples was achieved down to a 1:104 serum dilution, with an optimal operating range centered around 1:103 dilution. These results demonstrate the potential of the technique as a highly sensitive and versatile platform for antibody detection, with significant relevance for advanced COVID-19 diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques)
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10 pages, 1579 KB  
Communication
Characterizing Conformational Change of a Thermoresponsive Polymeric Nanoparticle with Raman Spectroscopy
by Luis Trabucco, Savannah Heath, Jonathan Shaw, Sean McFadden, Xiaodu Wang and Jing Yong Ye
Sensors 2023, 23(12), 5713; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23125713 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3032
Abstract
Molecular conformational changes in the collapsing and reswelling processes occurring during the phase transition at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the conformational change of Poly(oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate)-144 (POEGMA-144) [...] Read more.
Molecular conformational changes in the collapsing and reswelling processes occurring during the phase transition at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer are not well understood. In this study, we characterized the conformational change of Poly(oligo(Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate)-144 (POEGMA-144) synthesized on silica nanoparticles using Raman spectroscopy and zeta potential measurements. Changes in distinct Raman peaks associated with the oligo(Ethylene Glycol) (OEG) side chains (1023, 1320, and 1499 cm−1) with respect to the methyl methacrylate (MMA) backbone (1608 cm−1) were observed and investigated under increasing and decreasing temperature profiles (34 °C to 50 °C) to evaluate the polymer collapse and reswelling around its LCST (42 °C). In contrast to the zeta potential measurements that monitor the change in surface charges as a whole during the phase transition, Raman spectroscopy provided more detailed information on vibrational modes of individual molecular moieties of the polymer in responding to the conformational change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy Techniques)
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