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Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: 5G and Beyond Networks and Technologies

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Communications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2024) | Viewed by 20096

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Raul Parada Medina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CTTC), Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss, 7-Edifici B4, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
Interests: machine learning; IoT; smart cities; mmWave 5G; WSN; RFID; LoRaWAN; wireless communications; V2X; autonomous driving; cellular communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Robin Chataut

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Computer Science Department, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg, MA 01420, USA
Interests: 5g; massive mimo; millimeter waves; wireless communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

5G is the fifth generation of mobile network technology that promises to bring a revolutionary change in the way we experience and use the internet. 5G technology offers faster download and upload speeds, lower latency, improved network efficiency, and an increased capacity to handle the growing demands of connected devices and applications. This makes it possible for businesses and consumers to access new services and applications, such as autonomous vehicles, virtual and augmented reality, and the Internet of Things. 5G technology and networks will bring about a major shift in internet usage and open up new opportunities for businesses and consumers.

5G is not just an evolutionary upgrade of the previous generation of cellular. Instead, it is a revolutionary technology that eliminates access, bandwidth, performance, and latency limits on connectivity worldwide. 5G networks are versatile and can support various communication technologies and use cases, including enhanced mobile broadband, machine-to-machine communication, and ultra-reliable low-latency communication. The network architecture is designed to be highly flexible and scalable, enabling it to adapt to market demands.

This Special Issue aims to showcase cutting-edge research in the domain of 5G and beyond networks and their applications. The potential topics will include but are not limited to:

  • 5G core network and service;
  • Mobile cellular networks;
  • Software-defined networking;
  • Innovative applications and service facilities using 5G;
  • Physical layer developments in 5G;
  • 5G wireless communication technologies and standards;
  • Millimetre wave band and massive MIMO;
  • 5G-enabled IoT;
  • Security, privacy, and trust in 5G networks;
  • Localization techniques enabled by 5G;
  • Multiple access or modulation schemes beyond 5G;
  • 5G Beyond communications for smart cities;
  • 6G and future mobile network technologies.

Dr. Raul Parada Medina
Dr. Robin Chataut
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 3241 KiB  
Article
Combining 5G New Radio, Wi-Fi, and LiFi for Industry 4.0: Performance Evaluation
by Jorge Navarro-Ortiz, Juan J. Ramos-Munoz, Felix Delgado-Ferro, Ferran Canellas, Daniel Camps-Mur, Amin Emami and Hamid Falaki
Sensors 2024, 24(18), 6022; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24186022 - 18 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1658
Abstract
Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by [...] Read more.
Fifth-generation mobile networks (5G) are designed to support enhanced Mobile Broadband, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications, and massive Machine-Type Communications. To meet these diverse needs, 5G uses technologies like network softwarization, network slicing, and artificial intelligence. Multi-connectivity is crucial for boosting mobile device performance by using different Wireless Access Technologies (WATs) simultaneously, enhancing throughput, reducing latency, and improving reliability. This paper presents a multi-connectivity testbed from the 5G-CLARITY project for performance evaluation. MultiPath TCP (MPTCP) was employed to enable mobile devices to send data through various WATs simultaneously. A new MPTCP scheduler was developed, allowing operators to better control traffic distribution across different technologies and maximize aggregated throughput. Our proposal mitigates the impact of limitations on one path affecting others, avoiding the Head-of-Line blocking problem. Performance was tested with real equipment using 5GNR, Wi-Fi, and LiFi —complementary WATs in the 5G-CLARITY project—in both static and dynamic scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheduler can manage the traffic distribution across different WATs and achieve the combined capacities of these technologies, approximately 1.4 Gbps in our tests, outperforming the other MPTCP schedulers. Recovery times after interruptions, such as coverage loss in one technology, were also measured, with values ranging from 400 to 500 ms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: 5G and Beyond Networks and Technologies)
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16 pages, 456 KiB  
Article
Energy-Efficient BWP Configuration for Multi-Slice Users
by Joe Saad, Kinda Khawam, Mohamad Yassin and Salvatore Costanzo
Sensors 2024, 24(4), 1281; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041281 - 17 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1227
Abstract
Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks introduce the concept of slicing to ensure isolation among the various supported heterogeneous services. The User Equipment (UE) can be connected to multiple slices simultaneously. Additionally, the notion of a Bandwidth Part (BWP) was also instigated to reduce [...] Read more.
Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks introduce the concept of slicing to ensure isolation among the various supported heterogeneous services. The User Equipment (UE) can be connected to multiple slices simultaneously. Additionally, the notion of a Bandwidth Part (BWP) was also instigated to reduce power consumption. A BWP is a small chunk of the bandwidth scanned by the UE to retrieve its service data. Therefore, a UE connected to multiple services can be configured with multiple BWPs each associated with a given service. Such UEs find themselves scanning multiple BWPs, which can be time consuming and highly energy intensive. Hence, it is paramount to study the appropriate choice of the BWP configuration from an energy-efficiency perspective for multi-slice users depending on their battery level. In this paper, two energy-efficient BWP selection solutions are proposed for users connected to multiple slices. The first solution is based on a centralized approach where UEs are stirred optimally to the best BWP configuration, while the second solution relies on a user-centric distributed approach using non-cooperative game theory. The proposed schemes take into account the users’ battery level and their sojourn time in the network as well as the scanned BWP size. Both solutions are compared with one another and against the legacy solution. Intensive simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of our proposition in terms of users’ energy efficiency and quality of service. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: 5G and Beyond Networks and Technologies)
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Review

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40 pages, 1010 KiB  
Review
Survey on 5G Physical Layer Security Threats and Countermeasures
by Michal Harvanek, Jan Bolcek, Jan Kufa, Ladislav Polak, Marek Simka and Roman Marsalek
Sensors 2024, 24(17), 5523; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175523 - 26 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3893
Abstract
With the expansion of wireless mobile networks into both the daily lives of individuals as well as into the widely developing market of connected devices, communication is an increasingly attractive target for attackers. As the complexity of mobile cellular systems grows and the [...] Read more.
With the expansion of wireless mobile networks into both the daily lives of individuals as well as into the widely developing market of connected devices, communication is an increasingly attractive target for attackers. As the complexity of mobile cellular systems grows and the respective countermeasures are implemented to secure data transmissions, the attacks have become increasingly sophisticated on the one hand, but at the same time the system complexity can open up expanded opportunities for security and privacy breaches. After an in-depth summary of possible entry points to attacks to mobile networks, this paper first briefly reviews the basic principles of the physical layer implementation of 4G/5G systems, then gives an overview of possible attacks from a physical layer perspective. It also provides an overview of the software frameworks and hardware tool-software defined radios currently in use for experimenting with 4G/5G mobile networks, and it discusses their basic capabilities. In the final part, the paper summarizes the currently most promising families of techniques to detect illegitimate base stations—the machine-learning-based, localization-based, and behavior-based methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: 5G and Beyond Networks and Technologies)
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29 pages, 1070 KiB  
Review
6G Networks and the AI Revolution—Exploring Technologies, Applications, and Emerging Challenges
by Robin Chataut, Mary Nankya and Robert Akl
Sensors 2024, 24(6), 1888; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061888 - 15 Mar 2024
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 13068
Abstract
In the rapidly evolving landscape of wireless communication, each successive generation of networks has achieved significant technological leaps, profoundly transforming the way we connect and interact. From the analog simplicity of 1G to the digital prowess of 5G, the journey of mobile networks [...] Read more.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of wireless communication, each successive generation of networks has achieved significant technological leaps, profoundly transforming the way we connect and interact. From the analog simplicity of 1G to the digital prowess of 5G, the journey of mobile networks has been marked by constant innovation and escalating demands for faster, more reliable, and more efficient communication systems. As 5G becomes a global reality, laying the foundation for an interconnected world, the quest for even more advanced networks leads us to the threshold of the sixth-generation (6G) era. This paper presents a hierarchical exploration of 6G networks, poised at the forefront of the next revolution in wireless technology. This study delves into the technological advancements that underpin the need for 6G, examining its key features, benefits, and key enabling technologies. We dissect the intricacies of cutting-edge innovations like terahertz communication, ultra-massive MIMO, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), quantum communication, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Through a meticulous analysis, we evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, and state-of-the-art research in these areas, offering a wider view of the current progress and potential applications of 6G networks. Central to our discussion is the transformative role of AI in shaping the future of 6G networks. By integrating AI and ML, 6G networks are expected to offer unprecedented capabilities, from enhanced mobile broadband to groundbreaking applications in areas like smart cities and autonomous systems. This integration heralds a new era of intelligent, self-optimizing networks that promise to redefine the parameters of connectivity and digital interaction. We also address critical challenges in the deployment of 6G, from technological hurdles to regulatory concerns, providing a holistic assessment of potential barriers. By highlighting the interplay between 6G and AI technologies, this study maps out the current landscape and lights the path forward in this rapidly evolving domain. This paper aims to be a cornerstone resource, providing essential insights, addressing unresolved research questions, and stimulating further investigation into the multifaceted realm of 6G networks. By highlighting the synergy between 6G and AI technologies, we aim to illuminate the path forward in this rapidly evolving field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topical Advisory Panel Members’ Collection Series: 5G and Beyond Networks and Technologies)
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