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Selected Papers from the 11th International Symposium on Sensor Science (I3S 2025)

A Special Issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2026) | Viewed by 4353

Editors


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Guest Editor
Instituto de Carboquímica ICB-CSIC, Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
Interests: sensors; nanomaterials; supramolecular chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is being launched in collaboration with the 11th International Symposium on Sensor Science (I3S 2025), which will be held in Barcelona, Spain, from 17 to 19 November 2025. I3S 2025 participants are invited to submit full manuscripts to this Special Issue. A wide range of topics in the field of sensors will be covered during I3S 2025, divided into seven sessions:

S1. 1D and 2D nanomaterial-based sensors;

S2. Optical chemical sensors and biosensors;

S3. Emerging trends in electrochemical sensors: from fundamentals to implantable technologies;

S4. Electronic skin, flexible sensors, and wearables for physiological parameter monitoring;

S5. Metal oxide-based gas sensors;

S6. Physical sensors: from plasmonics to NEMS, MEMS, and resonators;

S7. New trends in sensor and e-nose design and fabrication: from material discovery to modeling and data processing.

Submissions to this Special Issue will receive a 20% discount on the article processing charge. All manuscripts will undergo the same peer-review process as regular Sensors articles. While the deadline for manuscript submission to this Special Issue is June 30, 2026, final articles will be available online immediately upon acceptance.

Dr. Edgar Muñoz
Prof. Dr. Eduard Llobet
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sensor materials
  • chemical sensors
  • biosensors
  • nanosensors
  • wearables
  • physical sensors

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 2026 KB  
Article
Effect of Microresistor Topology on the Sensing Characteristics of MoS2-Based Chemoresistive Cortisol Sensors
by Mariya Aleksandrova, Rade Tomov, Boriana Tzaneva and Ivo Iliev
Sensors 2026, 26(2), 551; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26020551 - 14 Jan 2026
Viewed by 742
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of microresistor topology on the sensing characteristics of MoS2-based chemoresistive cortisol sensors. It is done to address the critical need for robust, non-invasive cortisol monitoring in wearable applications, where mechanical stability under strain is paramount, and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of microresistor topology on the sensing characteristics of MoS2-based chemoresistive cortisol sensors. It is done to address the critical need for robust, non-invasive cortisol monitoring in wearable applications, where mechanical stability under strain is paramount, and to explore underexplored topological effects on sensor performance. The research is conducted by fabricating MoS2-based meander structures on flexible PDMS substrates, featuring various microresistor designs, including long-shoulder and short-shoulder topologies, both with and without integrated mechanical ribs. Sensor performance is evaluated in resistance change mode across a range of cortisol concentrations (2.5 to 500 ng/mL) and subjected to significant mechanical bending stress. Electrical parameters such as contact resistance and parasitic capacitance, as well as temperature dependence, are also analyzed. The results demonstrate that the incorporation of ribs significantly enhances the mechanical stability and preserves the reliable sensing function of the long-shoulder topology under bending stress, improving sensitivity from 0.9 kΩ/ng/mL (without ribs) to 130.6 kΩ/ng/mL (with ribs) after bending. While temperature influences baseline resistance and response magnitude consistent with MoS2 semiconductor properties and aptamer binding kinetics, the short-shoulder design, even with ribs, showed less optimal performance. The primary advantage of the proposed device lies in its enhanced mechanical reliability under continuous strain, crucial for wearable electronics, alongside a simpler design compared to complex microfluidic or optical systems, thus enabling lower manufacturing costs and easier mass production. Full article
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Review

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15 pages, 8809 KB  
Review
Celestial Navigation: A State-of-the-Art Review Towards a Light Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (LAUV) Conceptual Application
by Suzana Lampreia, Hugo Policarpo, Pedro P. de Almeida, Nuno R. Roboredo, Jorge M. Ruivo, Rafael B. Henriques and Victor Lobo
Sensors 2026, 26(15), 4790; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26154790 - 28 Jul 2026
Viewed by 622
Abstract
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are incompatible with the underwater domain as radiofrequency signals cannot penetrate the water column, leaving Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) reliant on dead-reckoning systems that accumulate positional errors over time. When AUVs surface to reset their navigation, they face [...] Read more.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are incompatible with the underwater domain as radiofrequency signals cannot penetrate the water column, leaving Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) reliant on dead-reckoning systems that accumulate positional errors over time. When AUVs surface to reset their navigation, they face another challenge: GNSS itself is increasingly vulnerable to jamming and spoofing in contested environments. Automated Celestial Navigation (CN) has emerged as a promising alternative to other navigation methods, making it possible to derive the absolute position from observations of celestial bodies, entirely independent of human-made signals. This work provides a state-of-the-art review of automated CN technologies, focusing on the literature from 2020 onwards. The review covers Solar Tracking Sensors (STSs), star trackers and horizon detection algorithms and assesses their suitability for AUV integration through a structured SWOT analysis. Following this, a conceptual CN system based on Sunto’s STS is developed for the Light Autonomous Underwater Vehicle platform employing a proposed ten-step integration methodology. Computer-Aided Design models illustrate the conceptual setup, though hydrodynamic/structural verification remains subject to future work. Results suggest that solar-based CN can serve as a periodic absolute position corrector within a hybrid AUV navigation architecture, without requiring satellite infrastructure, which contributes towards a more resilient AUV navigation. Full article
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15 pages, 958 KB  
Review
On the Use of Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) in the Development of Chemoresistive Gas Sensors
by Alejandro Santos-Betancourt and Xavier Vilanova
Sensors 2026, 26(6), 1934; https://doi.org/10.3390/s26061934 - 19 Mar 2026
Viewed by 1463
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted growing attention for their application in chemoresistive gas sensors. Among these materials, graphene stands out due to its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. A simple and low-cost method for producing graphene involves the use [...] Read more.
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted growing attention for their application in chemoresistive gas sensors. Among these materials, graphene stands out due to its exceptional electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. A simple and low-cost method for producing graphene involves the use of a laser to induce its formation on carbon-rich substrates, such as polyimides. This technique, first introduced in 2014, has been successfully applied in the fabrication of various types of sensors, including pressure sensors, temperature sensors, biosensors, and gas sensors. For chemoresistive gas sensors, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has been used either as an electrode or as part of the nanocomposite forming the active sensing layer. Moreover, this technology has allowed the use of heating elements. Sensing performance, including sensitivity and selectivity, can be tailored by incorporating different materials into the nanocomposite, such as metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, or conductive polymers. These modifications can be implemented using low-cost and scalable fabrication methods, making this approach highly suitable for the development of affordable and efficient gas sensors. In this contribution, we present a comprehensive overview of the contributions, reported from the proposal of LIG technology in 2014 to 2025, about the use of this fabrication process in the development of chemoresistive gas sensors. Full article
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