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Sensors
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Advanced Sensors in Extended Reality: Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality
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Advanced Sensors in Extended Reality: Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensing and Imaging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 March 2026 | Viewed by 1560

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. M. Carmen Juan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Automática e Informática Industrial (ai2), Departamento de Sistemas Informáticos y Computación (DSIC), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), 46022 València, Spain
Interests: computer graphics; specifically augmented reality (AR); advanced user interfaces and their applications to psychology and education/edutainment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue explores the integration of advanced sensors within Extended Reality (XR) environments (including Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality). As XR technologies have become increasingly immersive, interactive, and responsive, the use of advanced sensors has become essential in bridging the physical and digital realms across a broad range of applications. Sensors enable the capture of expressive gestures, fine motor movements, spatial positioning, physiological responses (e.g., heart rate, muscle tension, brainwave activity), and environmental conditions. This multidimensional input enables real-time interaction, adaptive feedback, and dynamic visual and auditory experiences, enriching user engagement in education, training, healthcare, entertainment, design, and creative practices. These sensor-driven interactions also support gamified, participatory, and accessible XR experiences that are adaptable to diverse users and contexts. The potential of such systems lies in their ability to enhance immersion, personalize interactions, and support embodied learning and multisensory communication.

We welcome the submission of original research articles, discussions of technical developments, and interdisciplinary studies that explore the design, development, application, and evaluation of sensor-based systems for XR experiences. These submissions may discuss theoretical investigations, system architectures, user experience studies, creative applications, or experimental approaches. The topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: full-body motion capture; the use of biosensors to provide affective feedback; spatial tracking for audio-visual synchronization; wearable systems for gesture-based sound control; sensor fusion for immersive environments; and haptic interfaces for enhanced embodied interaction.

The goal of this Special Issue is to foster a deeper understanding of how advanced sensing technologies can transform human engagement in XR, shaping innovative paradigms and increasing inclusion and accessibility. Submissions from both academic researchers and industry practitioners are welcome. Interdisciplinary contributions that integrate scientific, technical, and creative perspectives are particularly encouraged.

Prof. Dr. M. Carmen Juan
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extended reality (XR)
  • virtual reality (VR)
  • augmented reality (AR)
  • mixed reality (MR)
  • advanced sensors
  • sensor fusion
  • wearable technologies
  • multisensory interfaces
  • user experience (UX) in XR
  • creative technologies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 5975 KB  
Article
The Impact of Physical Props and Physics-Associated Visual Feedback on VR Archery Performance
by Zhenyu Liu, Haojun Xu, Mengyang Tu and Feng Tian
Sensors 2025, 25(22), 6991; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226991 - 15 Nov 2025
Viewed by 318
Abstract
Most existing virtual reality exergames rely on generic VR devices, which can limit the physical exertion in VR-based exercises. In contrast, physical props can enhance exercise intensity, yet their impact on users’ performance and experience remains understudied, particularly in skill-based tasks. Meanwhile, physical [...] Read more.
Most existing virtual reality exergames rely on generic VR devices, which can limit the physical exertion in VR-based exercises. In contrast, physical props can enhance exercise intensity, yet their impact on users’ performance and experience remains understudied, particularly in skill-based tasks. Meanwhile, physical props offer richer tactile and kinesthetic feedback, which, combined with the visual effects of head-mounted displays, presents a potential solution for improving user experience in VR. To explore this, this study developed a sensor-driven experimental framework for investigating high-skill VR tasks. By integrating vision sensors with standard VR devices, we constructed a VR archery system that enables objective quantification of motor performance. Leveraging the sensor-driven framework, we investigate the effects of physical props and physics-associated visual feedback on players’ performance and experience in VR tasks through an experiment involving 33 participants. By objectively quantifying performance, we reveal a dual-pathway mechanism: physical props significantly increased hand tremor, which in turn impaired aiming accuracy, but this negative effect was effectively moderated by time and physics-associated visual feedback that enabled real-time sensorimotor compensation. While complex physical props reduced task performance, they substantially enhanced enjoyment and presence, particularly demonstrating a synergistic effect on users’ flow experience when combined with physics-associated visual feedback. These findings elucidate the complex interplay between physical prop interfaces and visual feedback in high-skill VR tasks, providing valuable insights for designing VR experiences which balance performance requirements and engagement enhancement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Sensors in Extended Reality: Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality)
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24 pages, 7850 KB  
Article
Enhancing Musical Learning Through Mixed Reality: A Case Study Using PocketDrum and Meta Quest 3 for Drum Practice
by Mariano Banquiero, Gracia Valdeolivas and M.-Carmen Juan
Sensors 2025, 25(22), 6836; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25226836 - 8 Nov 2025
Viewed by 815
Abstract
This work presents a mixed reality application for drum learning that combines the PocketDrum virtual drumming device with the Meta Quest 3 headset, integrating hand tracking to provide an immersive, responsive experience without the need for a physical drum set. The system features [...] Read more.
This work presents a mixed reality application for drum learning that combines the PocketDrum virtual drumming device with the Meta Quest 3 headset, integrating hand tracking to provide an immersive, responsive experience without the need for a physical drum set. The system features a modular architecture for real-time strike detection, visual guidance synchronized with music, spatial calibration, and audio rendering. The system additionally makes use of the headset’s color Passthrough during the calibration stage to align the virtual drum kit with the player’s position. To evaluate the system’s performance, a technical analysis was conducted to measure latency, jitter, and sampling rate across the technologies involved. Additionally, a functional validation experiment assessed how spatial hand tracking from Meta Quest 3 improved PocketDrum’s classification accuracy. Results showed that the fused system corrected 19.1% of drum assignment errors made by the inertial-only setup, enhancing consistency in complex rhythmic patterns. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of sensor fusion for immersive percussion training and support its potential use in accessible, feedback-rich musical learning environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Sensors in Extended Reality: Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality)
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