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Wearable Systems for Monitoring Joint Kinematics

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Wearables".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 June 2025 | Viewed by 3288

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Traumatology and Sports Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: development of wearable systems; wearable sensors; application of wearable systems in the biomedical field; algorithms for signal processing; joint kinematics monitoring; Orthopaedics; rehabilitation

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Guest Editor
Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: Fiber Bragg gratings; measuring systems development and assessment; wearables for health monitoring; physiological monitoring; joint movements detections
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wearable systems have gained significant relevance in the biomedical field for monitoring health status and providing clinically relevant objective data. Innovative processes and integrated developments have made possible the application of unobtrusive and non-invasive sensing elements for monitoring joint kinematics.

The application horizons of wearable systems are expanding in several directions, as they are of strong interest for real-time/remote monitoring of rehabilitation processes and functional recovery in a wide patient population. Optimized hardware development and improvements in computationally reliable data processing algorithms are crucial. This Special Issue will greatly impact a range of biomedical scenarios, providing new insights into developing and applying wearable systems for monitoring joint kinematics.

We strongly encourage authors to submit relevant papers focusing on developing hardware and software components of wearable systems for joint kinematics monitoring, performance evaluation, data processing, and application of wearable systems for monitoring human joints.

Dr. Arianna Carnevale
Dr. Daniela Lo Presti
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • wearable systems for biomedical applications
  • wearable sensors for monitoring joint kinematics
  • wearable systems for applications in Orthopaedics
  • wearable body area networks
  • metrological characterization of wearable sensors
  • wearables for remote monitoring
  • signal processing

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 3380 KiB  
Article
Impact of Running Clothes on Accuracy of Smartphone-Based 2D Joint Kinematic Assessment During Treadmill Running Using OpenPifPaf
by Nicolas Lambricht, Alexandre Englebert, Anh Phong Nguyen, Paul Fisette, Laurent Pitance and Christine Detrembleur
Sensors 2025, 25(3), 934; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25030934 - 4 Feb 2025
Viewed by 797
Abstract
The assessment of running kinematics is essential for injury prevention and rehabilitation, including anterior cruciate ligament sprains. Recent advances in computer vision have enabled the development of tools for quantifying kinematics in research and clinical settings. This study evaluated the accuracy of an [...] Read more.
The assessment of running kinematics is essential for injury prevention and rehabilitation, including anterior cruciate ligament sprains. Recent advances in computer vision have enabled the development of tools for quantifying kinematics in research and clinical settings. This study evaluated the accuracy of an OpenPifPaf-based markerless method for assessing sagittal plane kinematics of the ankle, knee, and hip during treadmill running using smartphone video footage and examined the impact of clothing on the results. Thirty healthy participants ran at 2.5 and 3.6 m/s under two conditions: (1) wearing minimal clothing with markers to record kinematics by using both a smartphone and a marker-based system, and (2) wearing usual running clothes and recording kinematics by only using a smartphone. Joint angles, averaged over 20 cycles, were analysed using SPM1D and RMSE. The markerless method produced kinematic waveforms closely matching the marker-based results, with RMSEs of 5.6° (hip), 3.5° (ankle), and 2.9° (knee), despite some significant differences identified by SPM1D. Clothing had minimal impact, with RMSEs under 2.8° for all joints. These findings highlight the potential of the OpenPifPaf-based markerless method as an accessible, simple, and reliable tool for assessing running kinematics, even in natural attire, for research and clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Systems for Monitoring Joint Kinematics)
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13 pages, 1795 KiB  
Article
Validity and Reliability of Kinovea® for Pelvic Kinematic Measurement in Standing Position and in Sitting Position with 45° of Hip Flexion
by Lucía Vicente-Pina, Rocío Sánchez-Rodríguez, Loreto Ferrández-Laliena, Jose Heredia-Jimenez, Julián Müller-Thyssen-Uriarte, Sofía Monti-Ballano, César Hidalgo-García, José Miguel Tricás-Moreno and María Orosia Lucha-López
Sensors 2025, 25(1), 250; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25010250 - 4 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1219
Abstract
The anatomy of the pelvis may obscure differences in pelvic tilt, potentially underestimating its correlation with clinical measures. Measuring the total sagittal range of pelvic movement can serve as a reliable indicator of pelvic function. This study assessed the inter- and intra-examiner reliability [...] Read more.
The anatomy of the pelvis may obscure differences in pelvic tilt, potentially underestimating its correlation with clinical measures. Measuring the total sagittal range of pelvic movement can serve as a reliable indicator of pelvic function. This study assessed the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of the Kinovea® version 0.9.5 and its agreement with the Qualisys System (3D motion capture) for measuring the total pelvic range of movement (ROM) in the sagittal plane, establishing Kinovea®’s validity in standing and sitting positions with 45° of hip flexion. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 13 asymptomatic participants. Pelvic kinematics were recorded using both systems. Pelvic posture, anterior and posterior tilt, and total pelvic ROM in the sagittal plane were analyzed. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate reliability and validity. Additionally, the technical error of measurement (TEM), relative TEM, standard error of measurement, and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated to establish Kinovea®’s accuracy. Kinovea® demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-examiner reliability for total pelvic ROM in standing and sitting measurements (ICC > 0.90), with relative TEM values below 10% and MDC values between 1.60°and 11.20°. Validity showed good-to-excellent ICC values when comparing Kinovea® and the Qualisys System. This finding suggests that Kinovea® is a valid tool for obtaining reproducible measurements of total pelvic ROM in the sagittal plane in standing and sitting positions, demonstrating excellent-to-good inter- and intra-examiner reliability for pelvic kinematics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Systems for Monitoring Joint Kinematics)
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12 pages, 4073 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Electrical Characteristics of Weft-Knitted Strain Sensors for Joint Motion Monitoring: Focus on Plating Stitch Structure
by You-Kyung Oh and Youn-Hee Kim
Sensors 2024, 24(23), 7581; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24237581 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 720
Abstract
We developed a sensor optimized for joint motion monitoring by exploring the effects of the stitch pattern, yarn thickness, and NP number on the performance of knitted strain sensors. We conducted stretching experiments with basic weft-knit patterns to select the optimal stitch pattern [...] Read more.
We developed a sensor optimized for joint motion monitoring by exploring the effects of the stitch pattern, yarn thickness, and NP number on the performance of knitted strain sensors. We conducted stretching experiments with basic weft-knit patterns to select the optimal stitch pattern and analyze its sensitivity and reproducibility. The plain stitch with a conductive yarn located on the reverse side exhibited the highest gauge factor value (143.68) and achieved excellent performance, with a stable change in resistance even after repeated sensing. For an in-depth analysis, we developed six sensors using the aforementioned pattern with different combinations of yarn thickness (1-ply, 2-ply) and NP numbers (12, 13, 14). Based on bending experiments, the GF across all sensors was 60.2–1092, indicating noticeable differences in sensitivity. However, no significant differences were observed in reproducibility, reliability, and responsiveness, confirming that all the sensors are capable of joint motion monitoring. Therefore, the plain-patterned plating stitch structure with conductive yarn on the reverse side is optimal for joint motion monitoring, and the yarn thickness and NP numbers can be adjusted to suit different purposes. This study provides basic data for developing knitted strain sensors and offers insights into how knitting methods impact sensor performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Systems for Monitoring Joint Kinematics)
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