Safety of Vulnerable Road Users at Night

A special issue of Safety (ISSN 2313-576X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 July 2026 | Viewed by 1591

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Western Michigan University, 1903 W. Michigan Ave., Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5316, USA
Interests: motorized and non-motorized traffic safety; traffic simulation and operations; traffic enforcement; application of ITS

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Vulnerable road users (VRUs), including pedestrians, cyclists, and users of other micromobility modes, face heightened safety risks at night due to reduced visibility, driver inattention, and inadequate infrastructure. Absence as well as innefective lighting make it difficult for motorists to detect VRUs, increasing the likelihood of collisions. Factors like dark clothing and low-reflective gear further diminish visibility. Additionally, impaired driving and speeding are more prevalent at night, compounding the risks. Cyclists and pedestrians often navigate poorly lit areas with insufficient or nonexistent sidewalks/crosswalks and bike lanes, forcing them into traffic. The lack of effective reflective materials or lighting on bicycles and pedestrian crossings exacerbates the dangers. Technology gaps, such as inadequate adaptive headlights and less effective vehicle detection systems, also contribute to nighttime hazards for VRUs. As such, nighttime VRU fatalities have continued to skyrocket across the world.

This Special Issue is an opportunity for researchers to publish their work focusing on improving the safety of VRUs at night. Original research developing and/or evaluating improved solutions including lighting systems, wearable visibility aids, and infrastructure are particuarly invited. Furthermore, research on advanced vehicle detection systems, as well as behavioral studies that assess how education and enforcement of nighttime traffic laws could reduce risks for VRUs, are encouraged.

Prof. Dr. Valerian Kwigizile
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Safety is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • vulnerable road users
  • micromobility modes
  • nighttime visibility
  • nighttime crashes
  • vehicle detection systems
  • lighting technology

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

20 pages, 920 KB  
Article
Analytical Assessment of Pedestrian Crashes on Low-Speed Corridors
by Therezia Matongo and Deo Chimba
Safety 2025, 11(4), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety11040123 - 9 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 944
Abstract
This study presents a comprehensive statewide analysis of pedestrian-involved crashes recorded in Tennessee between 2002 and 2025. We evaluated the influence of roadway, traffic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on pedestrian crash frequency and severity with substantial components focused on lighting impacts including dark [...] Read more.
This study presents a comprehensive statewide analysis of pedestrian-involved crashes recorded in Tennessee between 2002 and 2025. We evaluated the influence of roadway, traffic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on pedestrian crash frequency and severity with substantial components focused on lighting impacts including dark and nighttime. A multi-method analytical framework was implemented, combining descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, regression analysis, and advanced machine learning techniques including the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the gradient boosting model (XGBoost). Results indicated that dark and nighttime conditions accounted for a disproportionate share of severe crashes—fatal and serious injuries under dark conditions reached over 40%, compared to less than 20% during daylight. The statistical tests revealed statistically significant differences in both total injuries and fatalities between low-speed (≤35 mph) and higher-speed (40–45 mph) corridors. The regression result identified AADT and the number of lanes as the strongest predictors of crash frequency, showing that greater traffic exposure and wider cross-sections substantially elevate pedestrian risk, while terrain and peak-hour traffic exhibited negative associations with severe injuries. The XGBoost model, consisting of 300 trees, achieved R2 = 0.857, in which the SHAP analysis revealed that AADT, the roadway functional class, and the number of lanes are the most influential variables. The ANFIS model demonstrated that areas with higher population density and greater proportions of households without vehicles experience more pedestrian crashes. These findings collectively establish how pedestrian crash risks are correlated with traffic exposure, roadway geometry, lighting, and socioeconomic conditions, providing a strong analytical foundation for data-driven safety interventions and policy development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety of Vulnerable Road Users at Night)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop