Religious Utopianism

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 8237

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Philosophical, Historical and International Studies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
Interests: religious utopianism; critical theory; Marxism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In utopian studies, discussions of religious utopianism are often limited to myths and stories of earthly paradise, golden age, heaven and hell, millennial promises, and various kinds of monastic and non-monastic religious communities. Religions, however, are complex socio-cultural phenomena, which. in addition to stories and communal forms of living, have many other aspects. There are also institutions, theological discourses, worship practice, doctrines, etc. Most of these dimensions depend on and have developed out of a utopian claim which sits at the core of every religion. As is the case with non-religious utopianism, the primary focus of religions is also on ideas about an alternative reality which is by default better than the actual world and the possibility of a better human way of existing that such reality offers.   

Utopias and utopianism have been defined as “dreams of a better life” (E. Bloch, 1986) and a “desire for a better way of being” (R. Levitas, 1990). Religious utopianism conforms to these broad definitions, but it also has its peculiarities. Instead of a “better” reality and a “better” way of being, religious utopianism is about a perfect, ultimate reality and a perfect, ultimate way of being. This perfect reality and way of being also have an ontological, rather than imaginary, quality. For believers, they are neither a fiction nor a theoretical speculation. They are an ontological certainty and an inexhaustible source of hope. This utopian-flavored ontology is what maintains the social vitality and relevance of religions and what ultimately also makes everything that can be part of religions and the issues they engage with in the secular sphere to a certain extent shaped and driven by utopian concerns.     

This Special Issue invites scholars to look at religions as socio-cultural constructs which are, in their totality, utopian. Articles may be (but are not limited to): (1) theoretical discussions about religious utopianism or (2) critical explorations of specific visions of religious “better” realities and “better” ways of being (either comparatively or with a single focus) and the way they manifest in (a) material and non-material culture (within religious or non-religious contexts) or (b) in relation to social groups, social and political theories, past and current social movements, and past and current public debates.   

I look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Tamara Prosic
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • utopia
  • utopianism
  • hope
  • ultimate reality
  • perfection
  • material and non-material culture
  • social and political theory
  • social groups
  • social movements
  • public debates

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 294 KiB  
Article
Religious Utopianism: From Othering Reality to Othering People
by Tamara Prosic
Religions 2024, 15(5), 595; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15050595 - 12 May 2024
Viewed by 1054
Abstract
This paper intends to make an important contribution to the studies of religious utopianism by considering religions as comprehensive utopian systems which have an ontological and a social utopian mode. It argues that the ontological mode/utopia is related to human finality and that [...] Read more.
This paper intends to make an important contribution to the studies of religious utopianism by considering religions as comprehensive utopian systems which have an ontological and a social utopian mode. It argues that the ontological mode/utopia is related to human finality and that its fantastical content, abstractness and ontological Othering undermine the transformative powers of left religious social utopianism, while it encourages pernicious social Othering in religious fundamentalism. The article has four sections. In Section 1, it clarifies the definition of utopia on which the paper relies and the reasons for this particular choice. Section 2 discusses the religious ontological utopia and religions as utopian systems and utopian programs. Section 3 utilises E. Bloch’s considerations about concrete and abstract utopias to explain the reasons for the incapacity of politically left orientated religious utopianism to function as a revolutionary force. Finally, the Section 4 discusses the way religious fundamentalism employs social Othering as a way of defending the universality of its ontological vision against competing religious and pseudo-religious universals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religious Utopianism)
15 pages, 345 KiB  
Article
Abstract or Concrete Utopia? Concerning the Ideal Society in Chinese Philosophy and Culture
by Roland Boer
Religions 2024, 15(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15010055 - 31 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1541
Abstract
In seeking an appropriate approach to the ideal society in Chinese thought, the present study comprises two main parts. The first part deals with a debate in Chinese philosophy concerning the possibility of an inner or immanent transcendence as a way of defining [...] Read more.
In seeking an appropriate approach to the ideal society in Chinese thought, the present study comprises two main parts. The first part deals with a debate in Chinese philosophy concerning the possibility of an inner or immanent transcendence as a way of defining Chinese culture. As this debate unfolded, it became clear that Chinese philosophers—especially on the mainland—do not regard the transcendent–immanent distinction as applicable to Chinese culture and philosophy. In short, this culture and its philosophy simply has no need for transcendence. Instead, other terms are needed, especially those drawn from a tradition that “secularised” them many millennia ago: moral cultivation, regeneration, home, and intimacy. In this light, the second part of the study deals with two approaches to the ideal society: the Confucian “Great Harmony [大同 datong]” and the short story “Peach Blossom Spring [桃花源 taohuayuan]”. These terms are mediated by a treatment of the “Three Worlds Theory [三世说 sanshishuo]”, developed most fully by He Xiu (129–82 CE). The outcome of this investigation is that the ideal society is very much part of this world. It can be known only through direct observation, empirical investigation, and it is achievable only by detailed planning. It is nothing less than home. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religious Utopianism)
14 pages, 264 KiB  
Article
A. L. Morton’s English Utopia and the Critical Study of Apocalypticism and Millenarianism
by James Crossley
Religions 2023, 14(11), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14111339 - 24 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2078
Abstract
A. L. Morton (1903–1987) was a popular, pioneering historian and literary critic in the British Marxist tradition. Morton was an influential figure in the historical study of religious radicalism, millenarianism, apocalypticism, and utopianism, yet his contribution is typically overlooked today in favour of [...] Read more.
A. L. Morton (1903–1987) was a popular, pioneering historian and literary critic in the British Marxist tradition. Morton was an influential figure in the historical study of religious radicalism, millenarianism, apocalypticism, and utopianism, yet his contribution is typically overlooked today in favour of his more illustrious counterparts who emerged from the Communist Party Historians’ Group from 1946–1956. This article seeks to re-establish Morton’s place in this scholarly tradition, using his work The English Utopia as a starting point for understanding the important critical developments taking place in the 1950s. Focusing especially on his analysis of seventeenth-century movements, we will then see how Morton shifted from an unsentimental historical materialist approach to religious radicalism to a rethinking of heroic failures and thinkers ahead of their time. As Norman Cohn famously brought liberal criticisms of millenarianism to the fore in the 1950s onward, Morton should likewise take his place as an influential thinker in Marxist understandings of such phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religious Utopianism)
8 pages, 252 KiB  
Article
Thomas Müntzer and the World to Come
by Christina Petterson
Religions 2023, 14(8), 1065; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14081065 - 19 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2342
Abstract
This article examines the figure of Thomas Müntzer in Marxist historiography, as well as the “utopianisation” of Müntzer in Ernst Bloch’s 1921 study on Thomas Müntzer as Theologian of the Revolution. I review some of the differences in Martin Luther and Müntzer in [...] Read more.
This article examines the figure of Thomas Müntzer in Marxist historiography, as well as the “utopianisation” of Müntzer in Ernst Bloch’s 1921 study on Thomas Müntzer as Theologian of the Revolution. I review some of the differences in Martin Luther and Müntzer in their competing views for the future after the break from Rome, and the theological thrust of Müntzer’s vision. This is then connected with elements from Bloch’s Müntzer, chiefly focussing on spirit and history. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Religious Utopianism)
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