Is an Ethics without God Possible?

A special issue of Religions (ISSN 2077-1444). This special issue belongs to the section "Religions and Humanities/Philosophies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 July 2025 | Viewed by 1982

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Philosophy Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
Interests: moral and political philosophy; philosophy of religion
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The two previous Special Issues of Religions that I guest-edited confronted the following questions: “Is the God of traditional theism logically compatible with all the evil in the world?” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special_issues/god_compatible_evil) and “Do we now have a logical argument from evil? (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special_issues/evil)” This third Special Issue will address a related question—“Is an ethics without God possible?” 

Notably, some theists maintain that an (objective) ethics can only be grounded either in God’s commands or in his nature. These same theists, along with some atheists, maintain that an (objective) ethics without God is not possible. Other theists maintain, along with still other atheists, that an (objective) ethics must be grounded in a standard that does not depend on the existence of God for its justification. For these theists, along with like-minded atheists, an (objective) ethics without God is possible. Which view, therefore, is correct?  Contributors to this Special Issue must defend one of the available alternatives over the others, and, in doing so, it may be helpful to consider the view I defend in “An Ethics without God that is Compatible with Darwinian Evolution” (published in Religions: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/7/781). Contributors are also encouraged to examine the contributions of two other completed Special Issues of Religions on the topics of “God and Ethics”, (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special_issues/A00AZSX32V) and “God, Ethics and Christian Traditions" (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/religions/special_issues/god_ethics_traditions). Nevertheless, these are only recommendations; what is important is that contributors defend one of the available alternatives over the others.

Prof. Dr. James P. Sterba
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • God’s commands
  • God’s nature
  • objective ethics
  • theism
  • atheism
  • Darwinian evolution

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 214 KiB  
Article
Whether God Exists Is Irrelevant to Ethics
by David Kyle Johnson
Religions 2025, 16(5), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050558 - 27 Apr 2025
Viewed by 154
Abstract
The question of whether ethics is possible without God is a non-issue. While many believe that without God, morality collapses, I contend that the existence or non-existence of God has no bearing on whether ethics is possible, whether moral truths exist, or whether [...] Read more.
The question of whether ethics is possible without God is a non-issue. While many believe that without God, morality collapses, I contend that the existence or non-existence of God has no bearing on whether ethics is possible, whether moral truths exist, or whether ethical inquiry is viable. Ethics is no more secure within a theistic framework than an atheistic one. I establish this by critically examining Divine Command Theory (DCT) and its variants, including Divine Nature Theory, demonstrating that they fail to provide truthmakers for moral statements, explain moral truths, generate moral knowledge, or serve as a practical guide for ethical decision making. If one seeks a way to justify ethical principles or resolve moral dilemmas, appealing to God does not improve the situation; supernatural explanations, including those invoking divine commands or nature, fail to meet the criteria of explanatory adequacy. I conclude by suggesting a secular approach to ethics—drawing from Ted Schick’s inference to the best action—that does not depend on God’s existence. Ultimately, if moral nihilism is a concern, God’s existence offers no solution. If ethics is possible at all, it is possible regardless of whether God exists. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is an Ethics without God Possible?)
17 pages, 198 KiB  
Article
Why Ethics Requires a God and Is Safer from Evolutionary Debunking Threats as a Result: A Reply to Sterba
by Gerald K. Harrison
Religions 2025, 16(3), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16030360 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 747
Abstract
Sterba has argued that ethics does not require God and that an atheistic objectivist ethics is compatible with an evolutionary account of our development. This paper argues that though ethics does not require God specifically, it does require a god of some sort, [...] Read more.
Sterba has argued that ethics does not require God and that an atheistic objectivist ethics is compatible with an evolutionary account of our development. This paper argues that though ethics does not require God specifically, it does require a god of some sort, for all normative reasons require a god and moral reasons are simply a subset of normative reasons. Sterba’s criticisms of more orthodox divine command theories of ethics are shown to raise no challenge to my view. Furthermore, even if Sterba’s alternative atheistic objectivist ethics is coherent, it would leave moral norms vulnerable to a particular kind of evolutionary debunking threat in a way that my theistic alternative does not. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is an Ethics without God Possible?)
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