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Recycling
Special Issues
Waste Management Scenario Design and Sustainability Assessment
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Waste Management Scenario Design and Sustainability Assessment

A special issue of Recycling (ISSN 2313-4321).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2025) | Viewed by 6673

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Valérie Laforest

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UdL, UMR CNRS 5600 EVS, Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne, I. Fayol, 158 Cours Fauriel, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
Interests: environmental assessment; industrial ecology; best available techniques; socio-technical system; strong sustainability; decision support
Dr. Audrey Tanguy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
UdL, UMR CNRS 5600 EVS, Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne, I. Fayol, 158 Cours Fauriel, F42023 Saint-Etienne, France
Interests: waste management planning; life cycle assessment; urban metabolism; socio-technical system modeling

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global solid waste production is expected to increase over the coming decades, to 1.4 billion tons by 2050. This significant growth poses a great risk of unfavorable levels of environmental impact, either due to waste flows not properly managed or due to an increased demand in infrastructure, equipment, and resources required to handle the waste. In order to decrease the share of waste management in the total impact of human activities, decision makers must find solutions to handle and recover waste, relying as much as possible on proper tools and methods to assure that waste management development will not lead to more environmental impact than benefits.

Scenario design and sustainability assessment of waste management are complex tasks due to the socio-technical aspect of this activity: it is composed of many processes and technologies and also different actors embedded in specific geographical, reglementary, societal, and economic contexts that do not allow for relevant one-size-fits-all solutions. This task becomes even more complex when accounting for the future evolution of society, as described in different prospective studies that analyzed different trends on socio-technical development in order to reach sustainability: technocentric versus frugal innovations and waste prevention, low-tech versus high-tech approaches, weak versus strong sustainability, etc.

Numerous approaches and methods exist, aiming at designing waste management scenarios and quantifying their performance at one or many stages of the waste management process. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of such methods, with a particular focus on the ones that integrate socio-technical aspects relevant for waste management scenario design and/or sustainability assessment. Contributions are expected to either describe or propose a method, compare different methods, or apply a method to one or more case studies. Interdisciplinary contributions are particularly welcomed.

The contributions are expected to cover the themes listed below, but further scopes can be included if in line with the previously presented goal:

  • Developing novel approaches or indicators to characterize waste management activities as a socio-technical system; 
  • Developing novel methods or indicators to measure waste management sustainability;
  • Coupling of quantitative or qualitative approaches to urban metabolism with waste management planning and assessment tools; 
  • Assessment of prospective waste management scenarios taking into account contrasting socioeconomic pathways;
  • Regional/local planning: regionalization, spatialization, and accounting for local specificities in waste management scenario design;
  • Modeling and assessing waste prevention: status quo and state-of-the-art advances;
  • Combination of life cycle-oriented tools to measure waste management sustainability (LCC, LCA, and Social LCA).

Dr. Valérie Laforest
Dr. Audrey Tanguy
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Recycling is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • waste management
  • scenario design
  • sustainability assessment
  • socioeconomic pathways
  • socio-technical system
  • decision support tool

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 3321 KiB  
Article
Environmental Performance Assessment of a Decentralized Network of Recyclable Waste Sorting Facilities: Case Study in Montreal
by Jessy Anglehart-Nunes and Mathias Glaus
Recycling 2025, 10(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10020058 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 342
Abstract
The generation of waste grows yearly. In a centralized approach, more trucks are dispatched to collect the growing demand, with a higher pressure on the road network and greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, a decentralized approach creates a network of distributed facilities. This [...] Read more.
The generation of waste grows yearly. In a centralized approach, more trucks are dispatched to collect the growing demand, with a higher pressure on the road network and greenhouse gas emissions. In contrast, a decentralized approach creates a network of distributed facilities. This study analyzes the impact of a decentralized approach for recyclable waste sorting facilities. It models waste generation, collection, and location of recyclable waste sorting facilities. This approach is applied to a case study in Montreal for polyethylene terephthalate. The case study computes two performance indicators: costs and CO2 emissions. Six scenarios were developed and compared to a baseline scenario. The results show that decentralization reduces greenhouse gas emissions by 20.3% and operation costs by 8.04%. However, investment costs for the new facilities remain an obstacle. These costs can represent up to 89.7% of the expenses in a decentralized context. Nonetheless, decentralization increases the flexibility of waste collection under growing demand, since the distance to collect one ton has reduced by 35.3% and the average truck load per trip has reduced by 12.8%. To apply the model to the real world, further improvements are required. They span technical, economic, and social acceptability constraints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Management Scenario Design and Sustainability Assessment)
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19 pages, 1415 KiB  
Article
Carbon Footprint of Composting and Vermicomposting of Household Biowaste: A Decision-Making Factor for Regional Biowaste Recovery Policies?
by Chantal Berdier, Muriel Maillefert and Mathilde Girault
Recycling 2025, 10(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10020044 - 12 Mar 2025
Viewed by 937
Abstract
Since 1 January 2024, French local authorities will be required to offer householders a means of recovering biowaste, either as a soil improver or as an energy source. Several criteria influence their choice: cost, availability of operators and equipment, social facilitation, etc. However, [...] Read more.
Since 1 January 2024, French local authorities will be required to offer householders a means of recovering biowaste, either as a soil improver or as an energy source. Several criteria influence their choice: cost, availability of operators and equipment, social facilitation, etc. However, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are rarely taken into account in the decision-making process. This article compares the emissions of four biowaste recovery systems, differentiated by their process (composting or vermicomposting) and management type (community or industrial). It is based on the carbon footprint method defined by the French Agency for Ecological Transition (ADEME). The assumptions and emission factors come from two sources: a field survey of composting and vermicomposting companies and associations in the Lyon area and a review of the literature on GHG emissions from the decomposition of organic matter. The carbon footprint of the processes was determined by estimating the CO2 equivalent per ton of composted biowaste. The results show that industrial composting emits the most carbon (CO2). Depending on whether biogenic carbon is taken into account or not, the ranking of the other three processes changes. When biogenic CO2 is taken into account, it is the process that has the greatest influence on the result; on the other hand, when biogenic CO2 emissions are not taken into account, the type of management determines the ranking. These results are discussed in relation to the methodological limitations of the comparison, other biowaste management options and the reduction of biowaste-related emissions. For example, by studying the agricultural use of biowaste compost, the carbon balance could be refined by including the emissions avoided from the production of nitrogen fertiliser. However, environmental assessment is only one of a number of decision-making factors (social, economic, agricultural, etc.) in waste management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Management Scenario Design and Sustainability Assessment)
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20 pages, 3054 KiB  
Article
Extended Sector Responsibility—The Tourism Sector as a Driver for Improved Waste Management in Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia
by Julian Wiechert, Nour El Houda Chaher, Gasser Hassan, Abdallah Nassour and Michael Nelles
Recycling 2025, 10(2), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10020029 - 20 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 782
Abstract
The world is facing climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, significantly impacting lower-middle-income countries like Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, which depend heavily on tourism. Poor waste management, unclear responsibilities, and weak policies contribute to environmental degradation. Tourism, a key economic driver, also increases [...] Read more.
The world is facing climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution, significantly impacting lower-middle-income countries like Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, which depend heavily on tourism. Poor waste management, unclear responsibilities, and weak policies contribute to environmental degradation. Tourism, a key economic driver, also increases the problem by high plastic use and waste generation during peak seasons. This study evaluates current waste management practices in Alexandria (Egypt), Essaouira (Morocco), and Hammam Sousse (Tunisia) and proposes improvements using a newly developed “Extended Sector Responsibility” (ESR) model, which introduces an innovative organizational approach to waste management in touristic destinations. Using a combination of desk research, questionnaires, waste sorting analyses, and expert interviews, our research identifies systemic deficiencies. None of the studied locations have formal source separation systems, and waste management heavily depends on the informal sector. Hotels exhibit limited capacity for effective waste practices due to the lack of municipal infrastructure for separate collection. Economic analysis of the ESR model, which involves the establishment of a new waste recovery facility, demonstrates that while such facilities can generate revenue exceeding operational costs under specific scenarios, their long-term viability hinges on additional funding, possibly through Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) mechanisms. Although Egypt and Tunisia have EPR legislation, implementation remains inadequate, and Morocco lacks such frameworks. The study emphasizes the critical need for investments in municipal waste management infrastructure, including logistics, sorting, and recycling systems. It also highlights actionable opportunities for the tourism sector to reduce waste by minimizing single-use plastics and food waste. By adopting the ESR model, the tourism sector can play a pivotal role in transitioning to a circular economy, ultimately mitigating environmental impacts and enhancing sustainability in the region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Management Scenario Design and Sustainability Assessment)
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19 pages, 4670 KiB  
Article
Life Cycle Assessment of Concrete Recycling Solutions in Light of Their Technical Complexity
by Enora Barrau, Lynda Aissani, Pierre Thiriet, Valérie Laforest and Audrey Tanguy
Recycling 2025, 10(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10010028 - 18 Feb 2025
Viewed by 738
Abstract
Waste management is a key step for addressing both the environmental impact and the growing demand for resources in the construction industry. To answer these challenges, various technologies are available, carrying different environmental impacts and sociotechnical implications. For concrete waste, recycling is the [...] Read more.
Waste management is a key step for addressing both the environmental impact and the growing demand for resources in the construction industry. To answer these challenges, various technologies are available, carrying different environmental impacts and sociotechnical implications. For concrete waste, recycling is the most common solution. Two main recycling roads were identified, leading to products that have low or high value and implying different technical developments and environmental impacts. This study first proposed to characterize recycling technologies by their technical degree, reflecting the complexity needed to process waste. It secondly compared their environmental impacts using LCA methodology to assess which technical complexity led to minor environmental consequences and under what conditions. The results revealed that the technologies with a low technical degree tended to have a lower environmental impact than the ones with a higher technical degree when only the generated impacts were considered. The reverse was observed when considering the aggregated impacts due to the environmental benefits provided by the potentially avoided products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Management Scenario Design and Sustainability Assessment)
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19 pages, 2278 KiB  
Article
Cross-Mediterranean Insights: Governance in Action for Circular Economy and Sustainable Waste Management Solutions in Tunisia’s Tourism
by Nour El Houda Chaher, Abdallah Nassour and Michael Nelles
Recycling 2025, 10(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling10010009 - 14 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1118
Abstract
The current research work emphasizes the urgent need for a paradigm shift in Mediterranean tourism, advocating for the adoption of a comprehensive framework centered on sustainability in Tunisia. The establishment of an Inter-Ministerial Task Force is proposed to facilitate collaboration across governmental sectors, [...] Read more.
The current research work emphasizes the urgent need for a paradigm shift in Mediterranean tourism, advocating for the adoption of a comprehensive framework centered on sustainability in Tunisia. The establishment of an Inter-Ministerial Task Force is proposed to facilitate collaboration across governmental sectors, thereby enhancing governance and addressing the complexities of waste management within the tourism industry. Results reveal significant waste management inefficiencies and underscore the potential of integrated approaches that can lead to substantial environmental improvements. By fostering inter-ministerial collaboration, a strategic roadmap is provided that promotes effective resource recovery and sustainable waste management practices. Furthermore, the integration of the informal sector, exemplified by local recyclers, into formal waste management systems is anticipated to enhance social equity and bolster environmental stewardship. A comprehensive SWOT analysis identifies Tunisia’s intrinsic strengths, including its rich cultural heritage and significant eco-tourism potential, while simultaneously exposing shortcomings such as fragmented governance structures and insufficient infrastructure. It is posited that the creation of a centralized coordination body, coupled with the enhancement of public–private partnerships, could catalyze innovation in sustainable tourism practices, leading to increased investment opportunities and the successful implementation of circular economy principles. Drawing inspiration from Spain’s successful circular economy model, actionable recommendations for policymakers are offered, including the introduction of eco-certification programs aimed at incentivizing environmentally responsible practices within the tourism sector. Ultimately, the proposed framework aspires to position Tunisia as a regional leader in sustainable tourism, delivering long-term benefits to local communities through enhanced environmental protection and economic resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Management Scenario Design and Sustainability Assessment)
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22 pages, 3879 KiB  
Article
Sustainable Management of Green Waste in Urban Settings: A Case Study on Energy Recovery and Heating Solutions in the Municipality of Athens (Greece)
by Magdalini Dapsopoulou, George Bellas, Dimitris Zianis, Petros Kokkinos, Dimitris Kyriakakis and Emmanouil Pachountis
Recycling 2024, 9(6), 117; https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling9060117 - 1 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1667
Abstract
The increasing volume of municipal solid waste (MSW), including biodegradable plant residues such as pruning, leaf, and kitchen wastes, presents a substantial environmental challenge due to the limited availability of landfill space and the resulting environmental contamination. Sustainable waste management practices, encompassing recycling [...] Read more.
The increasing volume of municipal solid waste (MSW), including biodegradable plant residues such as pruning, leaf, and kitchen wastes, presents a substantial environmental challenge due to the limited availability of landfill space and the resulting environmental contamination. Sustainable waste management practices, encompassing recycling and waste-to-energy conversion through biological or thermochemical processes, are imperative. In the Municipality of Athens, Greece, significant quantities of green waste generated from public and private gardening activities provide a valuable opportunity for energy recovery and landfill waste reduction. In accordance with Directive 2008/98/EC, Athens emphasizes waste prevention, reuse, recycling, and recovery. This study examined alternative bio-waste and green waste management systems, using examples from Europe, focusing on the Athens Directorate of Urban Green Spaces and Urban Wildlife. This paper discusses methods for assessing the energy value of pruning residues, providing a definitive disposal framework. Additionally, it presents a technoeconomic study of one of the municipal swimming pools in the Municipality of Athens, investigating the production and distribution of thermal energy to meet the heating needs of the pool facilities. This research identified key constraints and their impact on decision-making, highlighting the potential for alternative green waste management strategies. It advocates modern recycling techniques in line with national and community legislation, which have significant environmental and economic benefits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Waste Management Scenario Design and Sustainability Assessment)
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