Frontiers in 3D and 4D Printing for Polymers and Polymeric Composites

Dear Colleagues, 

The research interest on additive manufacturing has been increasing over time since it offers unlimited possibilities concerning materials processing. Geometry freedom, processing speed and sustainability are, among others, the adjectives that contribute to the growing interest on 3D printing. The 3D printing processes, and technologies have turned the corner from rapid prototyping and several products produced by 3D printing are already in the market. Moreover, as a result of the developments in materials and technologies, 4D printing emerged to overcome the lack of conformational adaptability of the 3D printed components. The shape-morphing with time (4D), due to external stimuli, complements the freedom of complex geometric design of 3D printing with the shape memory of polymeric materials. Despite the fact that the application of 4D printed parts is still at a preliminary phase, the application options are limitless. 

The goal of this special issue of Polymers is to disclose straightforward research on 3D and 4D printing using polymeric materials or polymeric based composites. The Special Issue will cover full papers, communications, and reviews in all aspects of 3D and 4D printing that provide new approaches to challenge the current barriers. The use of printing technologies with advanced materials can provide state-of-the-art disruptive breakthroughs for application in distinct research fields are welcomed.

Dr. Ana C. Pinho
Prof. Dr. Ana Paula Piedade
Guest Editors

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