Advances in Short-Reach Optical Interconnects and Networking Technologies

A Special Issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 July 2026) | Viewed by 2043

Editors

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
Interests: optical communications; short-reach optical interconnects; DSP algorithms; optical transmission system

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Guest Editor
Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: optical communication; digital signal processing; machine learning
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Short-reach optical interconnects play a critical role in the development of high-capacity, low-latency optical networks, including passive optical networks, data centers, and mobile access networks. These technologies are rapidly evolving to meet the ever-growing need for bandwidth, energy efficiency, and scalability, driven by emerging applications such as cloud computing, artificial intelligence, 5G/6G, and edge computing.

In passive optical networks, data rates are transitioning from 50 Gbps to 200 Gbps per wavelength, requiring advanced modulation formats, cost-effective optical components, and efficient digital signal processing (DSP). In parallel, Ethernet-based interconnects in data centers are pushing toward 800 Gbps and 1.6 Tbps, promoting the development of co-packaged optics, silicon photonics, and low-power DSP algorithms. Significant advances in mobile front-haul and mid-haul links are also being observed, thus supporting the high throughput and low latency requirements of next-generation radio access networks (xHaul).

To address these challenges, innovation is needed across multiple layers—from physical-layer devices and packaging technologies to link-level system design and network-level architecture. Optical interconnects must not only scale in speed and density but also remain cost-effective, thermally efficient, and compatible with legacy infrastructure.

This Special Issue aims to explore the latest advances in short-reach optical interconnects and networking technologies. We welcome both original research articles and comprehensive review papers, and encourage the submission of papers that address theoretical foundations, experimental results, and practical deployment challenges, particularly those fostering collaboration between academia and industry.

Dr. Qi Wu
Dr. Zhaopeng Xu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • high-speed transceiver design and integration for short-reach links
  • modulators, photodetectors and amplifiers for short-reach interconnects
  • DSP algorithms for short-reach links
  • optical transmission system design and optimization
  • spatial division multiplexing, hollow core fibers for short-reach interconnects
  • transmission link and network modeling in optical communication systems
  • wavelength-division and space-division multiplexing for optical interconnects
  • advanced modulation formats and digital signal processing (DSP) techniques
  • silicon photonics and other integrated photonic platforms
  • energy-efficient designs and thermal management strategies
  • optical switching and routing architectures for data centers
  • AI-driven network optimization and traffic engineering
  • co-packaged optics and chip-to-chip optical interconnects

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 30568 KB  
Article
Joint SOP-Based and Fading-Suppressed Phase-Based Vibration Sensing Integrated in Short-Reach Optical Interconnects
by Quhao Zhuo, Moxuan Luo, Yuanqing Li, Qiuqi Hu, Jianwei Tang, Qi Wu, Shuai Qu, Bang Yang, Zhaopeng Xu, Yanfu Yang, Jinlong Wei and Qiaozhi Lei
Photonics 2026, 13(6), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13060572 - 11 Jun 2026
Viewed by 496
Abstract
With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as large language models and autonomous driving, the data traffic via optical interconnects in data centers has surged significantly. The stability of the optical interconnects relies on intelligent operation and maintenance (O&M). Integrated sensing [...] Read more.
With the advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as large language models and autonomous driving, the data traffic via optical interconnects in data centers has surged significantly. The stability of the optical interconnects relies on intelligent operation and maintenance (O&M). Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) over fibers enables vibration sensing utilizing existing communication fibers, providing critical support for intelligent O&M in data centers. Compared to sensing in the coherent systems, it is difficult to use phase and state of polarization (SOP) monitoring for vibration detection in intensity-modulation and direct-detection (IM-DD) systems. In this paper, we propose a joint phase-based and SOP-based sensing scheme integrated in IM-DD systems. In the proposed scheme, the received IM-DD communication signals are tapped for sensing with a power ratio of 10%. Then the tapped signals are split for vibration sensing based on SOP and phase, respectively. In the phase-based sensing arm, a circulator, a 3×3 coupler and two Faraday rotating mirrors (FRMs) are used to build an unbalanced Michelson interferometer without phase fading and polarization fading. For the purpose of SOP-based sensing, a polarizer is used to monitor the vibration-induced SOP variations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme enables vibration sensing based on both phase and SOP across a frequency range of 200 Hz to 10 kHz. Regarding the communication performance, the integration of the sensing system only induces 0.8 dB received optical power penalty. This vibration-sensing scheme based on both phase and SOP can be integrated into pluggable optical modules, providing an efficient and reliable solution for intelligent optical network O&M. Full article
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15 pages, 3363 KB  
Communication
Phase Retrieval in Short-Range Optical Communication Using Temporal Transport-of-Intensity Equation with Direct Detection
by Yue Liu, Jiahao Huo, Peng Qin, Xiaoying Zhang and Keping Long
Photonics 2026, 13(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics13010017 - 25 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 796
Abstract
Direct detection (DD) is a straightforward, cost-effective receiving scheme for medium- and short-range fiber-optic communication systems, yet directly accessing phase information presents inherent challenges. The temporal transport-of-intensity equation (T-TIE) enables phase recovery from intensity data, but the accuracy of this phase-retrieval method is [...] Read more.
Direct detection (DD) is a straightforward, cost-effective receiving scheme for medium- and short-range fiber-optic communication systems, yet directly accessing phase information presents inherent challenges. The temporal transport-of-intensity equation (T-TIE) enables phase recovery from intensity data, but the accuracy of this phase-retrieval method is constrained by finite difference approximation errors of intensity derivatives and electrical noise interference. In this paper, we propose a 4th-order central difference method for calculating intensity derivatives to enhance approximation accuracy and implement multiple intensity measurements to further mitigate electrical noise interference. The proposed method is validated in a 28 GBaud single-carrier 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) direct detection system. The research results indicate that, under conditions of 10 nA dark current and 20 pA/Hz^1/2 thermal noise, our method achieves a receiver sensitivity gain of 14.85 dB compared with the 1st-order forward difference method and 8.47 dB compared with the 2nd-order central difference method at the 7% hard decision forward error correction (7% HD-FEC) threshold. Full article
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