Understanding Drug Disposition: The Interplay of Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion Processes, and Transport Mechanisms

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Biopharmaceutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2026 | Viewed by 821

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
Interests: ABC transporters; bioavailability; drug resistance; parasitology; Chagas disease; bromodomain factors; cell biology; cell and tissue engineering

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Guest Editor
Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE) (CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
Interests: ABC transporters; intestinal barrier; MRP2 (ABCC2); P-glycoprotein (ABCB1); BCRP (ABCG2); xenobiotic absorption and excretion, pathophysiological regulation

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Guest Editor
Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET) and Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Interests: acetaminophen; hepatotoxicity; ABC transporters; bioavailability; drug interactions; drug resistance; nuclear localization; P-glycoprotein

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Drug disposition is governed by the complex interplay of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes, in which membrane transporters constitute a fundamental regulatory component. These proteins, expressed in biological interfaces such as the intestinal epithelium, hepatocytes, renal tubules, and the blood–brain barrier, influence drug pharmacokinetics by modulating intracellular drug concentrations and tissue exposure. Both efflux and uptake transporters have emerged as critical determinants of drug efficacy and safety, prompting their inclusion in regulatory frameworks and drug development pipelines. Importantly, studies of these processes in non-mammalian organisms have likewise provided valuable insights into evolutionary conservation and species-specific adaptations.

This Special Issue invites authors to submit original research and reviews, addressing the roles of absorption, distribution, and excretion processes and transporter mechanisms in therapeutic drug disposition. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the regulation of transporter expression and function, transporter-mediated drug interactions, species-specific and disease-related variability, and advanced experimental models. By fostering a comprehensive and multidisciplinary perspective, this Issue aims to advance the understanding of how absorption, distribution, and excretion processes and transporters collectively shape drug behavior in the body, thereby informing rational drug design, enabling individualized therapy, and improving clinical outcomes.

Dr. Virginia Perdomo
Dr. Silvina Villanueva
Dr. Carolina Inés Ghanem
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • transporters
  • drug disposition
  • absorption
  • drug interactions
  • drug therapy
  • pharmacokinetics
  • bioavailability
  • multidrug resistance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 4963 KB  
Article
Inulin Reverses Intestinal Mrp2 Downregulation in a Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model: Role of Intestinal Microbiota as a Pivotal Modulator
by Felipe Zecchinati, Laura Ricardi, Víctor Blancato, Emmanuel Pereyra, Maite Arana, Carolina Ghanem, Virginia Perdomo and Silvina Villanueva
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(12), 1575; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17121575 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Background: The intestinal microbiota (IM) modulates host physiology, and its alteration (dysbiosis) is associated with numerous diseases, including obesity. This condition influences the pharmacokinetics of drugs prescribed for related comorbidities, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Mrp2, an essential ABC transporter [...] Read more.
Background: The intestinal microbiota (IM) modulates host physiology, and its alteration (dysbiosis) is associated with numerous diseases, including obesity. This condition influences the pharmacokinetics of drugs prescribed for related comorbidities, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Mrp2, an essential ABC transporter of the intestinal biochemical barrier, regulates the absorption of dietary toxins and orally administered drugs, modulating their bioavailability. However, its regulation in the obesity context is poorly characterized, and the role of IM alteration in this process remains unknown. Objective: To evaluate the role of the IM as a key factor, along with downstream candidate mediators, in the regulation of Mrp2 under obesity conditions. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control diet or High-Fat Diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, followed by 2 weeks with or without 5% inulin, a well-known prebiotic, supplementation. Metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Intestinal barrier integrity, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress (OS) markers, and plasma endotoxin levels were assessed. Mrp2 expression was analyzed at mRNA and protein levels, and transporter activity was determined using the everted intestinal sac model. Fecal microbiota composition was characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: HFD feeding induced obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, intestinal dysbiosis, elevated endotoxemia, barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and OS. These alterations were associated with a marked downregulation of Mrp2 expression and activity. Inulin supplementation restored IM composition, improved metabolic and intestinal parameters, and reduced inflammation and OS. These positive changes correlated with normalization of Mrp2. Conclusions: Our findings provide the first evidence that intestinal dysbiosis, inflammation, and OS act as a central regulatory axis of intestinal Mrp2 in obesity, with the IM functioning as a key modulator. Full article
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20 pages, 5908 KB  
Article
Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Anticholestatic Mechanisms of Obeticholic Acid in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cholestasis
by María Valeria Razori, Geraldine L. Hillotte, Pamela L. Martín, Ismael R. Barosso, Cecilia L. Basiglio, María Laura Ruiz and Marcelo G. Roma
Pharmaceutics 2025, 17(11), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics17111393 - 28 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Sepsis-induced cholestasis is caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines from lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria. No established therapy exists for this condition. We ascertained the anticholestatic potential of obeticholic acid (OCA), a potent FXR agonist, in a rat model [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Sepsis-induced cholestasis is caused by the release of inflammatory cytokines from lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of Gram-negative bacteria. No established therapy exists for this condition. We ascertained the anticholestatic potential of obeticholic acid (OCA), a potent FXR agonist, in a rat model of LPS-induced cholestasis. Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomized into Control, OCA (20 mg/kg/day, i.p., 6 days), LPS (total dose of 6.5 mg/kg, i.p., in the last 2 days, respectively), and OCA + LPS groups. Then, we assessed the serum cholestasis marker, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and taurocholate-stimulated bile salt output. mRNA/protein levels of the main apical and sinusoidal uptake and efflux carriers were assessed by either or both RT-qPCR and Western blot. Bsep and Mrp2 localization was assessed by immunohistochemistry followed by confocal microscopy and image analysis. Inflammatory cytokines were measured in serum by ELISA. Results: OCA significantly attenuates inflammatory cytokine release and normalizes serum ALP in LPS-treated rats. OCA also increased the biliary output of the Bsep substrate, taurocholate, and partially improved total Bsep at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, OCA fully normalizes Bsep in the canalicular plasma membrane fraction, suggesting improved membrane localization, a finding further confirmed by confocal microscopy. OCA sustained the beneficial downregulation of uptake transporters Ntcp and Oatp2 or the upregulation of the efflux pump Mrp3, both of which serve to minimize hepatocellular bile-salt accumulation. Conclusions: OCA prevents bile-salt accumulation in LPS-induced cholestasis by enhancing Bsep expression and localization, and by mitigating inflammation. This makes OCA a promising therapeutic candidate for sepsis-induced cholestasis. Full article
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