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Pharmaceutics
Special Issues
Inhalable Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases
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Inhalable Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases

A special issue of Pharmaceutics (ISSN 1999-4923). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Pharmacy and Formulation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 7331

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shyamal Das

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Interests: nanomedicine; drug formulation; pharmacy and pharmaceutical science
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Prakash Khadka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Interests: inhalable combination powder

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRDs) impose a severe burden on patients and society, and have an increasing rate of mortality and morbidity. Common types of these diseases include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and sleep apnea. At present, inhalation therapy is receiving a lot of attention from scientists and researchers. Pulmonary drug delivery is an important method for the administration of treatment and the prevention of diseases of the respiratory tract (nasal and pulmonary regions). It also enables the non-invasive delivery of drugs to the central nervous system (CNS). Pulmonary drug delivery has recently gained significance in the therapeutic field due to its many advantages, such as pain-free administration, targeted drug delivery with minimum systemic exposure, the rapid onset of action, and relatively high local concentrations in the lungs.

Attention is also warranted to various pharmaceutical processes such as milling, mixing, spray drying, amorphisation, micronisation, crystallisation, relaxation, dissolution, coating, and storage. These innovating approaches can be used to develop various conventional and controlled release solid dosage forms, such as powders for respiratory delivery and tablets and capsules for oral delivery.

Prof. Dr. Shyamal Das
Dr. Prakash Khadka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • inhalable formulations
  • high-dose formulations
  • aerosolization
  • pulmonary delivery
  • inhalable nanovaccines
  • chronic respiratory diseases

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1565 KiB  
Article
Aerosol of Enoximone/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex, Biopharmaceutical Evidence for ARDS Applicability
by Chiara Migone, Brunella Grassiri, Lucia Vizzoni, Angela Fabiano, Baldassare Ferro, Ylenia Zambito and Anna Maria Piras
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(9), 1221; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16091221 - 19 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1151
Abstract
Background: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are gaining interest in the context of pulmonary pathologies. In particular, the PDE3 inhibitor enoximone (ENXM) has shown potential relative to the cure of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite its administration [...] Read more.
Background: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are gaining interest in the context of pulmonary pathologies. In particular, the PDE3 inhibitor enoximone (ENXM) has shown potential relative to the cure of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Despite its administration via inhalation being planned for use against COVID-19 related ARDS (C-ARDS), presently, no inhalable medicine containing ENXM is available. Objectives: This study aims to develop a new formulation suitable for pulmonary administration of ENXM. Methods: A solution for nebulization, based on the complex between ENXM and Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) (ENXM/HPβCD) is developed. The obtained solution is characterized in terms of aerodynamic distributions and biopharmaceutical features. Results: The evaluation of the aerosol droplets indicates a good bronchi–lung distribution of the drug. Biological evaluations of the air–liquid interface (ALI) in an in vitro lung cell model demonstrates that ENXM/HPβCD is capable of a local direct effect, increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and protecting from oxidative stress. Conclusions: This study offers a promising advance in the optimization of enoximone delivery to the lungs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhalable Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases)
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18 pages, 4196 KiB  
Article
Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Bronchiectasis Maintenance Therapy
by The-Thien Tran, Wean Sin Cheow, Siyu Pu, Jin-Won Park and Kunn Hadinoto
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(8), 980; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16080980 - 25 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
The inhaled delivery of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) probiotics has been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits to the lungs due to LAB’s immunomodulatory activities. The development of inhaled probiotics formulation, however, is in its nascent stage limited to nebulized LAB. We developed a [...] Read more.
The inhaled delivery of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) probiotics has been demonstrated to exert therapeutic benefits to the lungs due to LAB’s immunomodulatory activities. The development of inhaled probiotics formulation, however, is in its nascent stage limited to nebulized LAB. We developed a dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation of lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) intended for bronchiectasis maintenance therapy by spray freeze drying (SFD). The optimal DPI formulation (i.e., LGG: mannitol: lactose: leucine = 35: 45: 15: 5 wt.%) was determined based on the aerosolization efficiency (86% emitted dose and 26% respirable fraction) and LGG cell viability post-SFD (7 log CFU/mL per mg powder). The optimal DPI formulation was evaluated and compared to lyophilized naked LGG by its (1) adhesion capacity and cytotoxicity to human lung epithelium cells (i.e., A549 and 16HBE14o- cells) as well as its (2) effectiveness in inhibiting the growth and adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to lung cells. The optimal DPI of LGG exhibited similar non-cytotoxicity and adhesion capacity to lung cells to naked LGG. The DPI of LGG also inhibited the growth and adhesion of P. aeruginosa to the lung cells as effectively as the naked LGG. The present work established the feasibility of delivering the LAB probiotic by the DPI platform without adversely affecting LGG’s anti-pseudomonal activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhalable Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases)
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18 pages, 5902 KiB  
Article
A Novel Inhalable Dry Powder to Trigger Delivery of Voriconazole for Effective Management of Pulmonary Aspergillosis
by Alanood S. Almurshedi, Sarah N. Almarshad, Sarah I. Bukhari, Basmah N. Aldosari, Samiah A. Alhabardi, Fai A. Alkathiri, Imran Saleem, Noura S. Aldosar and Randa Mohammed Zaki
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(7), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16070897 - 4 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1597
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fatal fungal infection with a high mortality rate. Voriconazole (VCZ) is considered a first-line therapy for IPA and shows efficacy in patients for whom other antifungal treatments have been unsuccessful. The objective of this study was to [...] Read more.
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fatal fungal infection with a high mortality rate. Voriconazole (VCZ) is considered a first-line therapy for IPA and shows efficacy in patients for whom other antifungal treatments have been unsuccessful. The objective of this study was to develop a high-potency VCZ-loaded liposomal system in the form of a dry-powder inhaler (DPI) using the spray-drying technique to convert liposomes into a nanocomposite microparticle (NCMP) DPI, formulated using a thin-film hydration technique. The physicochemical properties, including size, morphology, entrapment efficiency, and loading efficiency, of the formulated liposomes were evaluated. The NCMPs were then examined to determine their drug content, production yield, and aerodynamic size. The L3NCMP was formulated using a 1:1 lipid/L-leucine ratio and was selected for in vitro studies of cell viability, antifungal activity, and stability. These formulated inhalable particles offer a promising approach to the effective management of IPA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhalable Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases)
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Review

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21 pages, 1128 KiB  
Review
Pharmacological Treatment of Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Novel Landscape for Inhaled Agents
by Vito D’Agnano, Fabio Perrotta, Ramona Fomez, Valerio Maria Carrozzo, Angela Schiattarella, Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Raffaella Pagliaro, Andrea Bianco and Domenica Francesca Mariniello
Pharmaceutics 2024, 16(11), 1391; https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111391 - 29 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2127
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of over 200 disorders that require individualized treatment. Antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib and pirfenidone, have remarkably revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Moreover, the approval of nintedanib has also [...] Read more.
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) encompass a heterogeneous group of over 200 disorders that require individualized treatment. Antifibrotic agents, such as nintedanib and pirfenidone, have remarkably revolutionized the treatment landscape of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Moreover, the approval of nintedanib has also expanded the therapeutic options for patients with progressive pulmonary fibrosis other than IPF. However, despite recent advances, current therapeutic strategies based on antifibrotic agents and/or immunomodulation are associated with non-negligible side effects. Therefore, several studies have explored the inhalation route aiming to spread higher local concentrations while limiting systemic toxicity. In this review, we examined the currently available literature about preclinical and clinical studies testing the efficacy and safety of inhalation-based antifibrotics, immunomodulatory agents, antioxidants, mucolytics, bronchodilators, and vasodilator agents in ILDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Inhalable Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Respiratory Diseases)
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