Phytophthora: Molecular Phylogeny, Culture Collections, and Emerging Diseases

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 6210

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Department of Microbiology & Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Interests: phytophthora
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Phytophthora species attack thousands of plant hosts, and threaten not only important crops, such as potato, tomato, soybean, peppers, avocado, citrus, almond, cacao, oil palm, and so on, but they are also major factors in the destruction of native forests worldwide. Phytophthora cinnamomi has over 1000 hosts and has been a major factor in the destruction of forests in Australia. Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death, has emerged in the last few decades as a major pathogen in oak forests in the western USA and Canada. New species have emerged as destructive pathogens of native vegetation in many parts of the world. In total, over 150 species are now recognized. Our means of controlling these pathogens and the destructive diseases they can cause is still very limited. There is a critical need for the development of genetic resource depositories, new detection technologies, the exploitation and creation of suppressive environments, the discovery and deployment of sources of resistance, and cost-effective and safe chemical control such as the current use of phosphite.

Prof. Michael David Coffey
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cryogenic preservation
  • microbial collections
  • DNA
  • molecular phylogeny
  • detection methods
  • Phytophthora ramorum
  • Phytophthora cinnamomi
  • P. kernoviae
  • P. lateralis
  • P. austrocedri
  • new Phytophthora species

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2329 KiB  
Article
Alnus glutinosa Threatened by Alder Phytophthora: A Histological Study of Roots
by Corina Nave, Juliette Schwan, Sabine Werres and Janett Riebesehl
Pathogens 2021, 10(8), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080977 - 3 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1846
Abstract
Alder dieback remains a major problem in European alder stands and its spread continues to threaten their existence. The causal agent of this disease is the so-called alder Phytophthora species complex, which includes the hybrid Phytophthora ×alni and its parental species P. [...] Read more.
Alder dieback remains a major problem in European alder stands and its spread continues to threaten their existence. The causal agent of this disease is the so-called alder Phytophthora species complex, which includes the hybrid Phytophthora ×alni and its parental species P. uniformis and P. ×multiformis. Little is known about the survival of these Phytophthora species in alder. The aim of our investigations was to find out whether, and if so where, the pathogen survives. The subject of these studies was alder roots. Therefore, artificial infection studies and histological studies with P. ×alni and P. uniformis were carried out on seedlings of black alder (Alnus glutinosa). These histological studies revealed oogonia and oospores of P. ×alni and P. uniformis in different parts of the root tissue. Full article
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12 pages, 3397 KiB  
Article
An Investigation of the Relationship between Cyniclomyces guttulatus and Rabbit Diarrhoea
by Tuanyuan Shi, Xinlei Yan, Hongchao Sun, Yuan Fu, Lili Hao, Yongxue Zhou, Yan Liu, Wenying Han, Guolian Bao and Xun Suo
Pathogens 2021, 10(7), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070880 - 12 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3712
Abstract
Cyniclomyces guttulatus is usually recognised as an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in rabbits. However, large numbers of C. guttulatus are often detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic rabbits. The relationship of C. guttulatus with rabbit diarrhoea needs to be clearly identified. [...] Read more.
Cyniclomyces guttulatus is usually recognised as an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in rabbits. However, large numbers of C. guttulatus are often detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic rabbits. The relationship of C. guttulatus with rabbit diarrhoea needs to be clearly identified. In this study, a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was isolated from a New Zealand White rabbit with severe diarrhoea and then inoculated into SPF New Zealand white rabbits alone or co-inoculated with Eimeriaintestinalis, another kind of pathogen in rabbits. Our results showed that the optimal culture medium pH and temperature for this yeast were pH 4.5 and 40–42 °C, respectively. The sequence lengths of the 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA fragments were 1559 bp and 632 bp, respectively, and showed 99.8% homology with the 18S ribosomal sequence of the NRRL Y-17561 isolate from dogs and 100% homology with the 26S ribosomal sequence of DPA-CGR1 and CGDPA-GP1 isolates from rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. In animal experiments, the C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, even when 1 × 108 vegetative cells were used per rabbit. Surprisingly, rabbits inoculated with yeast showed a slightly better body weight gain and higher food intake. However, SPF rabbits co-inoculated with C. guttulatus and E. intestinalis developed more severe coccidiosis than rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus or E. intestinalis alone. In addition, we surveyed the prevalence of C. guttulatus in rabbits and found that the positive rate was 83% in Zhejiang Province. In summary, the results indicated that C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, although might be an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens, such as coccidia. Full article
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