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Pathogens
Special Issues
Emerging Viral Pathogens: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Public Health Interventions
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Emerging Viral Pathogens: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Public Health Interventions

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 1429

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan

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Guest Editor
1. State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
2. Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, China
Interests: disease models; pathogenesis; treatments; coronaviruses; arboviruses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vivian Huiping Shuai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
Interests: coronaviruses; virus–host interactions; pathogenesis; antivirals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,
 
Emerging and re-emerging viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, monkeypox virus (MPXV), Ebola virus, and arboviruses have caused outbreaks of various scales associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic disruptions. Rapid diagnostics with high sensitivity and specificity, therapeutics with high potency and broad-spectrum coverage, vaccines with high immunogenicity and safety profiles, surveillance networks with efficient reporting mechanisms, and non-pharmacological public health interventions are essential for the control of these and future emerging viral infection outbreaks. In this Special Issue of Pathogens, we invite investigators to submit original research and review articles on the following aspects of emerging and re-emerging viral infections:
  1. Discovery of viruses with clear evidence of relevance to human and/or animal health;
  2. Mechanistic studies on disease pathogenesis;
  3. New diagnostics;
  4. Host-targeting or virus-targeting antivirals;
  5. Novel vaccines or vaccine adjuvants;
  6. Public health control measures.

Prof. Dr. Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
Dr. Vivian Huiping Shuai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • virus discovery
  • pathogenesis
  • antivirals
  • diagnostics
  • vaccines
  • public health

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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18 pages, 1381 KB  
Article
Beyond the Virus: The Collateral Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Consumption, Microbial Resistance, and Pharmacoeconomics
by Alessandra Gomes Chauvin, Isabele Pardo, André Luís F. Cotia, Isabella L. Rosmino, Tatiana A. Marins, Leandro Martins dos Santos, Barbara Barduchi, Alexandra R. Toniolo, Roberta G. dos Santos, Daniel T. Malheiro, Anderson P. Scorsato, Elivane da Silva Victor, Michael B. Edmond, Silvana Maria de Almeida and Alexandre R. Marra
Pathogens 2025, 14(11), 1126; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111126 - 5 Nov 2025
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Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had major global repercussions for hospitalized patients, affecting multiple aspects of hospital care. Understanding these effects is important for improving healthcare management and infection control practices. This study aimed to analyze and compare the pandemic’s impact on antimicrobial use [...] Read more.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had major global repercussions for hospitalized patients, affecting multiple aspects of hospital care. Understanding these effects is important for improving healthcare management and infection control practices. This study aimed to analyze and compare the pandemic’s impact on antimicrobial use in hospitalized patients, with emphasis on therapeutic, microbiological, and pharmacoeconomic aspects. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a Brazilian tertiary hospital (2018–2022). Adult patients receiving antimicrobials were included. Variables analyzed were antimicrobial consumption, incidence of healthcare-associated infections, resistance profiles, hospital costs, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacy activities. Data were obtained from anonymized institutional records and analyzed using descriptive statistics, time series, and linear regression. Results: Analysis of 268,713 hospitalizations showed that the median monthly number of patients receiving antimicrobials did not increase significantly during the pandemic. Higher consumption of carbapenems, glycopeptides, polymyxins, and echinocandins was linked to more healthcare-associated infections by multidrug-resistant organisms. Clostridioides difficile infections declined. Mortality rose significantly, especially among COVID-19 patients. Costs increased by 39%, with antimicrobial-related expenses up 45.7%. Conclusions: The pandemic intensified antimicrobial use, resistance, and costs. While limited by its single-center design and the use of all inpatients as the denominator, these findings highlight the important need for reinforced antimicrobial stewardship to build healthcare system resilience. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Viral Pathogens: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Public Health Interventions)
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10 pages, 213 KB  
Brief Report
Standardized Diagnostic Assays for Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
by Jeong-Hyun Lee, Sunyoung Jung, Hwajung Yi and Yoon-Seok Chung
Pathogens 2025, 14(11), 1093; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111093 - 27 Oct 2025
Viewed by 754
Abstract
Omsk hemorrhagic fever is an acute zoonotic disease caused by Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, a member of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), with a reported case-fatality rate of approximately 3%. Historically confined to southwestern Siberia, ecological changes raise concerns about possible spread to [...] Read more.
Omsk hemorrhagic fever is an acute zoonotic disease caused by Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, a member of the genus Flavivirus (family Flaviviridae), with a reported case-fatality rate of approximately 3%. Historically confined to southwestern Siberia, ecological changes raise concerns about possible spread to non-endemic regions. Although no Omsk hemorrhagic fever cases have been reported in the Republic of Korea, the risk of accidental importation highlights the importance of establishing a reliable diagnostic protocol. We established and validated an institutionally developed diagnostic protocol employing real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction targeting the NS2A and C genes of Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. Primers and probes were designed from all available genomes to ensure broad strain coverage. Human ribonuclease P was used as an internal control to verify nucleic acid extraction and amplification. Using synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid fragments and in vitro-transcribed ribonucleic acid, assay performance was optimized, and analytical sensitivity was determined using probit analysis. The limits of detection were 74.50 copies/µL (threshold cycle 32.99) for NS2A and 70.41 copies/µL (threshold cycle 35.38) for C. Specificity testing using representative flaviviruses (West Nile virus, Yellow fever virus, Zika virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus, and Tick-borne encephalitis virus) and an alphavirus (Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) demonstrated no cross-reactivity. The assay demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, supporting its potential application in national and international Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus surveillance systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Viral Pathogens: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Public Health Interventions)
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