Arboviruses Worldwide: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Global Health Challenges

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 3062

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Virology Lab, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatan (UADY), Merida, Mexico
2. Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Interests: cell host and viral interactions; endothelial cell biology; virus pathogenesis; arboviruses; flavivirus; vector control
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arboviruses, a diverse group of emerging and re-emerging viruses belonging to different viral families (e.g. Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Peribunyaviridae) and mainly transmitted by arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes, midgets, and ticks, pose significant public health threats worldwide. Notable examples include dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), chikungunya (CHIKV), Oropuche (ORV), yellow fever and West Nile (WNV) viruses. These viruses are responsible for millions of infections worldwide including a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild febrile illnesses to severe and sometimes life-threatening neurological complications and hemorrhagic fevers. This Special Issue seeks to engage all manuscripts including major articles, reviews, brief reports, etc that address the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of arboviruses, emphasizing the role of climate change, urbanization, and global travel in their spread. The molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and host immune responses are also discussed, alongside current diagnostic methods and therapeutic challenges. Furthermore, the Special Issue  looks to highlight the importance of vector control strategies, vaccine development, and public health interventions in mitigating the impact of arboviral diseases.

Dr. Henry Puerta-Guardo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • arboviruses
  • flavivirus
  • alphavirus
  • bunyavirus
  • vector-borne diseases
  • viral pathogenesis
  • vaccine development
  • public health
  • vector control strategies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2127 KB  
Article
The Incidence and Trends of Yellow Fever from 1990 to 2021 in Major Endemic Regions: A Systematic Analysis Based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study
by Xinwei Wang, Bin Li, Baoren He, Xipeng Yan, Linbin Huang, Jinlian Li, Rongji Lai, Mingshuang Lai, He Xie, Qiuhong Mo and Limin Chen
Pathogens 2025, 14(6), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14060594 - 16 Jun 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2224
Abstract
As a re-emerging disease, the worldwide burden and trends of yellow fever (YF) remain inadequately quantified. This study aims to assess the incidence of YF both globally and in major endemic regions from 1990 to 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of [...] Read more.
As a re-emerging disease, the worldwide burden and trends of yellow fever (YF) remain inadequately quantified. This study aims to assess the incidence of YF both globally and in major endemic regions from 1990 to 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we evaluated the burden of YF. We employed an age–period–cohort model to assess the influence of age, period, and cohort on the incidence of YF from 1992 to 2021. A secondary data analysis based on GBD database showed the following: in 2021, there were 86,509 incident cases of YF. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of incident cases decreased by 74.7%, while the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) declined at an EAPC of −4.76% (95% confidence interval: −5.10 to −4.42). In 2021, the highest ASIRs of YF were observed in Western Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Sub-Saharan Africa, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis of age effects indicates that children aged 5–10 years old exhibit the highest incidence rate. Both period and cohort effects demonstrated a decline in morbidity risk. The decomposition analysis identified epidemiological changes as the primary factor contributing to the global reduction in the YF burden. Despite considerable reduction in incidence, YF remains a significant public health threat in Sub-Saharan Africa. Full article
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Review

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24 pages, 7532 KB  
Review
Antiviral Compounds from Natural Sources Against Human Arboviruses: An Updated Review Including Illustrative In Silico Analysis
by Julio Aguiar-Pech, Rocío Borges-Argáez and Henry Puerta-Guardo
Pathogens 2025, 14(11), 1156; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14111156 - 13 Nov 2025
Viewed by 414
Abstract
Arboviruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) remain major global health threats, especially in tropical regions, with no effective antiviral treatments available. Recent research highlights progress in identifying antiviral compounds from natural sources against arboviruses belonging to the flavivirus genus, [...] Read more.
Arboviruses such as dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) remain major global health threats, especially in tropical regions, with no effective antiviral treatments available. Recent research highlights progress in identifying antiviral compounds from natural sources against arboviruses belonging to the flavivirus genus, such as DENV and ZIKV. These compounds, derived from plants, marine organisms, and microorganisms, fall into several key chemical classes: quinones, flavonoids, phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Quinones inhibit viral entry and replication by targeting envelope proteins and proteases. Flavonoids disrupt RNA synthesis and show virucidal activity. Phenolic compounds reduce expression of non-structural proteins and inhibit enzyme function. Terpenoids demonstrate broad-spectrum activity against multiple arboviruses, while alkaloids interfere with early infection stages or viral enzymes. To support the reviewed literature, we performed molecular docking analyses of selected natural compounds and some arboviral proteins included as illustrative examples. These analyses support the structure–activity relationships reported for some natural compounds and highlight their potential interactions with essential viral targets such as the NS2B-NS3 protease and NS5 polymerase. Together, these literature and computational insights highlight the potential of natural products as scaffolds for antiviral drug development. Full article
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