Genesis of Mississippi Valley-Type Ore Deposits

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Deposits".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 May 2026 | Viewed by 1045

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
Interests: isotope geochemistry; economic geology

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geosciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda 60000, Morocco
Interests: economic geology; igneous petrology; geochemistry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) ore deposits are important targets worldwide, especially in countries utilizing their mineral resources to create job opportunities and develop infrastructure. These deposit types produce large quantities of economically useful base metals such as lead and zinc, and have great potential for some of the so-called critical and/or strategic minerals needed for the energy transition. Given the increasing demand for these commodities and the export restrictions imposed by major producing countries, resources of this type necessitate in-depth investigation since they are part of our commitment to ensure societal development on a sustainable Earth. The technological and economic future of many countries is critically reliant on the continuation of prospecting, discovery, and exploitation of new resources.

The formation of MVT ore is a complex process involving the concomitant interplay between several factors within the subsurface, including basin evolution, tectonic compression, geochemical evolution of basinal brines, organic matter maturation, fluid pathways and transport, and geodynamic settings that control the distribution and deposition of the exploited ore. Supergene processes are also important in the redistribution and reconcentration of critical metals during fluid–rock interactions. However, there are still fundamental gaps in our understanding of the genesis of MVT deposits. Understanding their genesis can lead to modeling and predicting where this important type of ore deposit may be concentrated, which can ultimately lead to the identification of yet-to-be-found deposits.

The open access journal Minerals is pleased to announce a new Special Issue titled "Genesis of Mississippi Valley-type Ore Deposits". The goal of this Special Issue is to gather relevant contributions (original research articles and review papers) that offer insights into the geological processes that lead to the formation of MVT ore deposits. We would like to cordially invite you to consider submitting your manuscript to this Special Issue.

Dr. Adriana Potra
Dr. Mohammed Bouabdellah
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • genesis of Mississippi valley-type (MVT) ore deposits
  • geochronology of MVT ore deposits
  • sources of sulfur and metals
  • modeling of hydrothermal fluid flow
  • potential for critical minerals

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

26 pages, 12985 KB  
Article
Mississippi Valley-Type Mineralization in the Atlasic Beni Snassen Belt (Northeastern Morocco): Petrography and C-O-S-Pb Isotopic Evidence for Basin Evolution Linked to Africa–Europe Collision
by Mohammed Bouabdellah, Wissale Boukirou, Mohamed Idbaroud, Gilles Levresse, Adriana Potra, Khadra Zaid, Lahbib Boudchiche, Johan Yans, Daoud Margoum and Erik Melchiorre
Minerals 2026, 16(4), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/min16040376 - 1 Apr 2026
Viewed by 624
Abstract
The Beni Snassen belt (northeastern Morocco) hosts several Mississippi Valley-type Pb-Zn ± Cu occurrences localized along the Variscan basement/Lower Liassic carbonate interface within the Atlasic foreland system. This study integrates geological observations with organic petrography and C-O-S-Pb isotopic systematics to constrain the origin [...] Read more.
The Beni Snassen belt (northeastern Morocco) hosts several Mississippi Valley-type Pb-Zn ± Cu occurrences localized along the Variscan basement/Lower Liassic carbonate interface within the Atlasic foreland system. This study integrates geological observations with organic petrography and C-O-S-Pb isotopic systematics to constrain the origin of mineralizing fluids, metal source, and ore-forming processes within a basin-scale metallogenic system. The host sequence consists of unmetamorphosed, dolomitized Pliensbachian carbonates with marl interbeds and organic-rich black shales. Mineralization is structurally focused along ENE-WSW and E-W faults and occurs as massive calcite-galena veins, “en échelon” tension gashes, vug fillings, and solution-collapse breccias. Ore-stage calcite exhibits restricted isotopic variability (δ13C = −4.7 to +1.2‰; δ18O = 14.9 to 19.7‰), consistent with rock-buffered basinal fluids and extensive fluid–carbonate interaction. Calculated δ18OH2O values indicate precipitation from evolved saline brines variably mixed with meteoric waters. Galena δ34S values (−20.9‰ to +10.3‰) reflect thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) under fluctuating redox conditions. Pb isotope compositions define a tight linear cluster between upper crust and orogene growth curves, indicating a predominantly upper crustal metal source, notably Triassic dolerite–diabase lithologies, with a possible contribution from organic-rich black shales. High-reflectance pyrobitumen (VR0 up to 4%) indicates thermal conditions exceeding those predicted by local burial history, supporting long-distance migration of hydrocarbon-bearing metalliferous fluids from overpressured basin compartments, most plausibly the adjacent Neogene Guercif Basin. Fault reactivation during Late Miocene transtension fostered basin-scale fluid focusing and ore deposition. Hence, the Beni Snassen district represents a basin-integrated MVT system involving crustal metal leaching, organic-assisted metal transport, TSR-mediated sulfur reduction, and structurally focused fluid flow. These results refine metallogenic models for the Atlasic belts and highlight the exploration potential of structurally reactivated foreland basins hosting coupled hydrocarbon-hydrothermal systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genesis of Mississippi Valley-Type Ore Deposits)
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